The population density of Spain maintained a steadily at a rate of over 92 inhabitants per square kilometers in the last decade, with the latest figures revealing a density of 95 people per square kilometer in 2022. Spain’s degree of urbanization is rather high, with levels reaching over 81 percent of urbanization in the country. Andalusia, with a total number of 8.6 million inhabitants, ranked first on the list of most populous autonomous communities in Spain.

Population density: a world of contrast

Spain is far from the European Union’s average population density, which stood at approximately 111.89 people per square kilometer in 2021, that is, a difference of over 17 people per square meter below the average. Monaco, the country with the highest population density in the world, featured about 24,621 inhabitants per square kilometer, making Spain’s population density look minimal. The results in Macao were very similar, with a population density that reached over 21,000 people per square kilometer.

The re-population of a country

The population of Spain declined for many years during the economic recession, returning to a positive trend after 2015. The Spanish population is projected to increase by nearly two million by 2028 compared to 2024. Despite this expected increase, Spain has one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports.

This geopackage (gpkg) file, which is an essential data repository, houses comprehensive information pertaining to Spain's official kantons as of 2022, encompassing critical data such as population statistics, surface area measurements, official region names, associated codes, and intricate geographical geometries that collectively provide a detailed and up-to-date snapshot of Spain's regional landscape.

Historical dataset showing Spain population density by year from 1961 to 2022.

Spain ES: Population Density: People per Square Km data was reported at 93.105 Person/sq km in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 92.929 Person/sq km for 2016. Spain ES: Population Density: People per Square Km data is updated yearly, averaging 77.743 Person/sq km from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2017, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 93.508 Person/sq km in 2011 and a record low of 61.506 Person/sq km in 1961. Spain ES: Population Density: People per Square Km data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.; ; Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank population estimates.; Weighted average;

Actual value and historical data chart for Spain Population Density People Per Sq Km

The dataset provides base geodamograpics data (total population, age and gender distributions, and population density) and polygons for the 8170 municipalities in Spain and is available for download in CSV and shapefile format.

Spain is gradually becoming older, or so it seems when looking at the latest studies which forecast that the average Spaniard would be 51.79 years old by the year 2050. The Mediterranean country featured a median age of 26.48 years old in 1950, but this trend shifted towards a steady aging of the Spanish population in the subsequent years. Spain’s median age was approximately 44 years in 2020. Aging: a common problem across the continent Data related to age in the Mediterranean country essentially behaves similarly to the rest of its European counterparts, whose population is also slowly but surely getting older. This will not come as a surprise since Spain has one of the highest life expectancies at birth in the world and the lowest European fertility rate, which stood at 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports. Older, but growing population Despite its aging, the population of Spain has been growing for the past couple of years and is expected to surpass 49 million residents by 2026, mainly due to immigration. During the last ten years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 95 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021.

Spain Demographic Trends

Population, Migration, and Age Trends from 1955 to 2050

By [source]

About this dataset

This dataset provides an in-depth look into the demographic information for Spain. It includes trends in population, migration, and age from 1955 to 2050. This dataset can provide understanding into the growth of Spain which has been marked as one of the fastest-growth developing countries. It reveals important statistics such as population numbers, yearly change percentages, fertility rate figures, density of people per square kilometer and more across all ages over a considerable period of time. Furthermore, it also outlines aspects such World Population Total and Country’s Share of World Pop with each country’s global rank among other nations. It will be useful for those wanting to gain insight into specific populations numbers that shape the Spanish culture today

More Datasets

For more datasets, click here.

Featured Notebooks

• 🚨 Your notebook can be here! 🚨!

How to use the dataset

This dataset provides comprehensive information about the demographic trends in Spain from 1955 to 2050, including population, migration, urbanization, age and fertility rates. This data can be utilized to gain a better understanding of population structure changes of Spain over time and helps answer some important questions such as: What is the overall trend in population growth? How has migration affected population change? How is the median age changing?

To make the most effective use of this dataset you should begin by exploring each column one by one. You can see an overview of each year's data using summary statistics like mean, median or mode which can help you identify any interesting trends that might exist among these metrics. Next investigate how each statistic has changed over time by creating a line graph for each of them. These visualizations will help you compare different variables side-by-side and better understand their relationships with one another. Finally, analyze all observations together to form your conclusions about demographic patterns in Spain from 1955 to 2050 and how they have impacted its overall population makeup

Research Ideas

• To calculate the rate of population growth over the years and predict future population levels in Spain.
• To analyze migration trends of people from abroad moving to Spain and compare it to those of Spanish citizens leaving or entering the country.
• To study age trends in Spain, including median age for both general population and specific regions within the country, as well as fertility rates/birth rates for each demographic group/region

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication No Copyright - You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. See Other Information.

Columns

File: Population_of_Spain_Historical.csv | Column name | Description | |:---------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Year | Year of the data point. (Integer) | | Population | Total population of Spain in a given year. (Integer) | | Yearly% Change | Percentage change in population from the previous year. (Float) | | Yearly Change | Change in population from the previous year. (Integer) | | Migrants (net) | Net migration rate of Spain in a given year. (Integer) | | Median Age | Median age of the population in a given year. (Float) | | Fertiliy Rate | Fertility rate of citizens in a given year. (Float) | | Density(/km2) | Population density of Spain in a given year. (Float) | | Urban Pop | Percentage of population living in urban areas in a given year. (Float) | | Urban Population | Population living in urban areas in a given year. (Integer) | | Country's Share of World Pop | Percentage ...

Dataset

This dataset was created by Francisco Aguilera

Contents

Comprehensive socio-economic dataset for Spain including population demographics, economic indicators, geographic data, and social statistics. This dataset covers key metrics such as GDP, population density, area, capital city, and regional classifications.

This dataset shows all 50 provinces in Spain, which correspond to second-level administrative divisions currently used in said country.

The Excel file includes filters for each column.

Column Description

• Province: Name of the province
• Official name: Name of the province in local language
• Capital: Capital city of the province
• Community: Autonomous community the province belongs to
• Map: Map of the province within the country and community it belongs to
• Population (2023): Population of the province as of 2023
• Area (squared km): Total land area of the province
• Population density (people per sq. km): Population per square kilometer

The autonomous Community of Madrid was Spain’s third most populous region. In 2024, of the approximately ******************** residing in the Community of Madrid, the largest age group comprised individuals aged 45–49 years, totaling up to over ******* inhabitants. In contrast, the smallest age group was that of people aged over 90 years old, which amounted to only about 91,000 inhabitants in Madrid in that year. Spain’s fertility rate, the lowest in Europe Spain has one of the lowest fertility rates in the European Union, with barely **** children per woman, according to the latest reports. During the last ten years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 93–95 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021. Population in Madrid The population in the Community of Madrid soared between the 1990s and 2010, growing from 5 to nearly 6.5 million inhabitants in about 15 years, as it became an attractive destination for both national and foreign immigrants. Nevertheless, the Spanish financial crisis led many foreigners to move out of the region, and the number of foreign nationals fell from over *********** in 2009 to approximately ******* in 2017. By 2024, this figure had recovered and was over the numbers registered before the crisis. As of 2022, the most common foreign nationalities in the Community of Madrid were Romanian, Moroccan and Venezuelan. Together, inhabitants from these countries totaled roughly *******.

This dataset consists of a .zip folder containing all data files and R code for reproducing the spatial mark-resight with incomplete identification (gen-SMR-ID) analyses to estimate red fox population density and abundance in two places of Ciudad Real (Spain): La Nava and Los Pilones, and a separate dataset and R-code to test the new model using distance sampling in La Nava.

According to the most recent data, more people died in Spain than were born in 2024, with figures reaching over 439,000 deaths versus 322,034 newborns. From 2006 to 2024, 2008 ranked as the year in which the largest number of children were born, with figures reaching over half a million newborns. The depopulation of a country The population of Spain declined for many years, a negative trend reverted from 2016 onwards, and was projected to grow by nearly two million by 2029 compared to 2024. Despite this expected increase, Spain has one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports. During the last years, the country featured a continuous population density of approximately 94 inhabitants per square kilometer – a figure far from the European average, which stood nearly at nearly 112 inhabitants per square kilometer in 2021. Migration inflow: an essential role in the Spanish population growth One of the key points to balance out the population trend in Spain is immigration – Spain’s immigration figures finally started to pick up in 2015 after a downward trend that presumably initiated after the 2008 financial crisis, which left Spain with one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe.

Knowledge of population dynamics of threatened species in the wild is key to effective conservation actions. However, at present, there are many examples of endangered animals for which their current situation is unknown, and not just in remote areas and less developed countries. We have explored this topic by studying the paradigmatic case of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris), an endangered small carnivore whose status has been subjectively established on the basis of non-systematic approaches and opportunistic records. Little is known about its demographic situation, prompting the need for information to improve conservation measures. However, the secretive behaviour of felines along with its low density in natural conditions have prevented the gathering of sufficient data. We developed a field sampling strategy for one of the largest populations (Andalusia, South Spain, 87,268 km2), based on a logistically viable systematic non-intrusive survey by camera-trapping. This study offers the first large-scale estimation for any European wildcat population, based on analytical approaches applied on Species Distribution Models. A hierarchical approach based on a Maxent model for distribution estimation was used, along with Generalised Linear Models for density estimation from explicit spatial capture-recapture data. Our results show that the distribution range is smaller and more highly fragmented than previously assumed. The overall estimated density was very low (0.069 ±0.0019 wildcats/km2) and the protected areas network seems to be insufficient to cover a significant part of the population or a viable nucleus in demographic terms. Indeed, the most important areas remain unprotected. Our main recommendations are to improve the protected area network and/or vigilance programs in hunting estates, in addition to studying and improving connectivity between the main population patches.

Organic waste production has greatly increased following human sprawl and led to the development of landfills in recent decades. This abundant and reliable anthropogenic food source has favoured several species, some of which consequently became overabundant. Landfills present hazards to wildlife, which may suffocate on plastic materials, tangle on cords, and get exposed to pollutants and pathogens. In response to environmental and public health concerns over the maintenance of landfills, the European Commission proposed to close the landfills. Our objective was to determine the impact of the Landfill European Directive on the White Stork, Ciconia ciconia, whose population recovery and growth were linked to landfill exploitation. We implemented species distribution models to project future distribution in the absence of landfills in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Habitat suitability was estimated based on nest occurrence and we included data from land cover types, human population density and two different climate change scenarios (i.e., emissions in low and high shared socioeconomic pathways). Given that protection measures, particularly implemented in protected areas, were associated with population recovery, we also evaluated the overlapping degree between protected areas and projected distribution. Our models predicted a sharp decline in breeding population distribution with landfill closure, reaching values similar to the 1984 breeding census when the species was categorized as threatened. Our results also suggest a decrease in maximum habitat suitability. Climate change also contributed to a reduction in breeding population distribution given model predictions for the extreme emission pathway (ssp5). Measures such as gradual change in landfill management, continuous monitoring of breeding populations, and evaluation of the Stork use of natural feeding areas before and after landfill closure, should be considered. Methods Direct census searching for nests in the whole Community of Madrid.

This dataset provides long-term information about Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica Schimper, 1848) presence in Sierra Nevada (SE Iberian Peninsula), as a result of annual sampling from 1993 to 2018 done by the managers of the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Park. They carried out the transects collecting different variables such as the number of individuals observed, the perpendicular distance of each group of goats to the transect line and, at an individual level and sex as well as age of individuals in the case of males. These data enabled the calculation of population parameters such as density, sex ratio, birth rate and age structure. These parameters are key for Iberian ibex conservation and management, given that Sierra Nevada harbours the largest population of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The data set we present is structured using the Darwin Core biological standard, which contains 3,091 events (582 transect walk events and 2,509 group sighting events), 5,396 occurrences, and 2,502 measurements. The occurrences include the sightings of 11,436 individuals (grouped by sex and age) from 1993 to 2018 in a total of 88 transects distributed along Sierra Nevada, of which 33 have been continuously sampled since 2008.

Nematode population density (number of specimens) and prevalence (%) of Meloidogyne spp. in roots of wild and cultivated olives in Andalusia, southern Spain.

The size of the Spain E-commerce Logistics Market market was valued at USD 5.39 Million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 10.12 Million by 2033, with an expected CAGR of 9.41 % during the forecast period. Key drivers for this market are: Growth of B2C E-commerce, Urbanization and Population Density. Potential restraints include: Infrastructure Challenges, Last-mile Delivery Complexities. Notable trends are: The Rise in the Number of Online Shoppers.

Results of model 1 for the response variable FN content and the covariates NDVI in spring-summer, population density and calves/hind ratio.