As of June 2024, roughly 23 percent of the Spanish population believed that Spain's main current problem is related to the political issues. Unemployment, which was reported as the largest worrying factor in 2024, emerged as the third biggest problem in the country for the Spaniards, at approximately 20 percent.

Spanish economy

In 2023, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Spain was 1,462 billion euros. Spain suffered a steep decrease in its GDP during the COVID-19 pandemic when its value dropped 0.128 billion euros from 2019 to 2020. However, since then the value has been in constant growth. In 2021, the expenditure of Spanish households on consumption represented approximately 55 percent of the GPD.

Unemployment in Spain

Spain was the country with the highest unemployment rate in the European Union in August 2023. This economic problem impacts mostly the Spanish youth with 43 percent of the population aged between 16 and 19 years being unemployed, followed by nearly 26 percent of Spanish citizens in the age group of 20 to 24 years. As of the third quarter of 2023, there were over 2.9 million people unemployed in the country.

This statistic shows which were the main difficulties Spanish women have to confront in 2019. According to the survey, published by Ipsos, 44 percent of those surveyed considered sexual violence and sexual harassment as the two major problems that women in Spain had to deal with, ahead of labor inequalities or physical violence.

According to a survey carried out in 2021, access to the job market and the quality of employment were the major concerns of the Spanish youth. That year, the unemployment rate exceeded 50 percent for young workers aged 16 to 19 years, and 30 percent for those between 20 and 24 years old. Moreover, the share of young workers in Spain with involuntary part-time jobs or who are overqualified for their position is considerably large, two of the many issues impacting the quality of employment in the country.

Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Local Govt: EUR Denominated: Long Term data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for May 2018. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Local Govt: EUR Denominated: Long Term data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Jan 1962 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 678 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 500.000 EUR mn in Jun 2006 and a record low of -229.868 EUR mn in Dec 2006. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Local Govt: EUR Denominated: Long Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

Graph and download economic data for Net Issues of International Debt Securities for Issuers in General Government Sector, All Maturities, Residence of Issuer in Spain (IDSGAMRINIES) from Q1 1977 to Q3 2024 about issues, Spain, sector, maturity, debt, residents, securities, Net, and government.

Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Long Term data was reported at 6,427.878 EUR mn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,688.999 EUR mn for May 2018. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Long Term data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Jan 1962 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 678 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,134.844 EUR mn in Jan 2018 and a record low of -16,227.065 EUR mn in Jan 2008. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Long Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

Graph and download economic data for Outstanding Total International Debt Securities to GDP for Spain (DDDM07ESA156NWDB) from 1980 to 2020 about issues, Spain, debt, and GDP.

In a survey between September and October 2022, around 43.4 percent of the respondents in Spain stated that air pollution was the main environmental issue in the country. Only 9.6 percent of the interviewees expressed that climate change itself was a main environmental problem. Nonetheless, some climate change effects were a matter of concern, like droughts and wildfires.

Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term data was reported at 10,545.940 EUR mn in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13,997.756 EUR mn for Sep 2018. Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term data is updated monthly, averaging 570.587 EUR mn from Jan 1962 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 682 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32,420.106 EUR mn in May 2013 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in Aug 2008. Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

Graph and download economic data for Net Issues of International Debt Securities for Issuers in Non-Financial Corporations (Corporate Issuers), All Maturities, Residence of Issuer in Spain (IDSNFAMRINIES) from Q2 1967 to Q4 2024 about issues, Spain, nonfinancial, maturity, debt, residents, securities, corporate, and Net.

Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: Short Term: Treasury Bills and Notes data was reported at 139.291 EUR mn in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -1,909.567 EUR mn for May 2018. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: Short Term: Treasury Bills and Notes data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Jan 1964 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 654 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,948.887 EUR mn in Oct 1992 and a record low of -5,578.418 EUR mn in Apr 2012. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: Short Term: Treasury Bills and Notes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Assumed Debt data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for Sep 2018. Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Assumed Debt data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Jan 1982 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 442 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 841.417 EUR mn in Jan 1995 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in Oct 2018. Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Central Govt: EUR Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Assumed Debt data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

Territorial politics has remained an essential point of contention in Spain, with the accommodation of geographically concentrated minorities being one of the most unresolved challenges in this multinational state. The recent conflict in Catalonia, and the constitutional and democratic crisis resulting from it, illustrate the deficiencies of the institutional system that regulates the territorial distribution of power in Spain. Indeed, several issues, such as the recognition of national minorities or the fiscal treatment of regions, remain unresolved forty-five years after the inception of the Spanish autonomic system. To assess attitudes towards territorial issues among Spaniards, we conducted an online survey in Spain in June 2021 (drawing on a representative sample of the voting-age population) where we embedded a conjoint experiment.

The project is organised around three thematic areas: (i) how trust within and between social groups and towards governance institutions emerges and evolves in contexts of rising inequality; (ii) how trust in unequal societies shapes governance outcomes through two intervening factors - political behaviour and social mobilisation; and (iii) the pathways through which changes in such intervening factors may sometimes result in inclusive governance outcomes, but in the breakdown of governance at other times. Each of these areas will incorporate detailed theoretical and empirical analyses at the subnational level in four countries - Colombia, Mozambique, Pakistan and Spain - affected by rising inequalities and characterised by unstable or strained democratic institutions.

The absence of systematic qualitative, quantitative and behavioural data has hindered progress in understanding the links between inequality, trust and governance in countries outside North America and Western Europe. The project seeks to compile a number of unexplored data sources and collect new data comparatively across these other countries in order to fulfil this critical gap. This data collection will involve: (i) comparative individual-level surveys to understand contemporaneous levels of trust, and attitudes towards formal and non-formal local governing institutions, (ii) behavioural experiments under different inequality and political contexts to better understand the formation of trust under different scenarios, (iii) indepth interviews with key political actors in government, members of social movements and citizen organisations to understand how inequalities affect perceptions of governance and strategies of political mobilisation, and (iv) detailed compilation of archival data that will allow us to better understand how inequalities and attitudes have evolved across time and how different historical junctures may shape the governance outcomes we observe today.

Unemployment Rate in Spain decreased to 10.61 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 11.21 percent in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Spain Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: Other Currencies Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Euronotes data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for May 2018. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: Other Currencies Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Euronotes data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 343 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,717.214 EUR mn in Sep 2009 and a record low of -1,948.627 EUR mn in Sep 2012. Spain Government Securities: Net Issues: Central Govt: Other Currencies Denominated: Medium and Long Term: Euronotes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

As of 2022, the Spanish population believes that the country's public health has worsened after the Covid-19 pandemic. For Spaniards, the biggest problem that the public system faces, stated by approximately 71 percent of respondents, was waiting lists. The lack of health professionals was the second most reported factor, with nearly 59 percent.

Graph and download economic data for Net Issues of International Debt Securities for Issuers in Non-Financial Corporations (Corporate Issuers), All Maturities, Nationality of Issuer in Spain (DISCONTINUED) (IDSGNFAMNINIES) from Q3 1993 to Q2 2015 about issues, Spain, nonfinancial, maturity, debt, securities, corporate, and Net.

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this month's topic focusing on attitudes toward immigrants. Among the issues investigated are attitudes toward persons from different social groups, perceived attitudes of relatives and friends toward different social groups, opinions of the immigration quota system established by the European Community, perceived reasons for migration, perceived influence of immigration on unemployment and crime, friendship and work relationships with persons of different social groups, evaluation of immigrants from developed countries, and evaluation of the economic development and modernization of Spain compared to that of the rest of Europe. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Regional Govt: EUR Denominated: Short Term data was reported at 57.600 EUR mn in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 27.600 EUR mn for Sep 2018. Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Regional Govt: EUR Denominated: Short Term data is updated monthly, averaging 87.455 EUR mn from Jan 1981 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 454 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,267.568 EUR mn in May 2011 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in Aug 1991. Spain Government Securities: Gross Issues: Regional Govt: EUR Denominated: Short Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Spain. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.F016: Government Securities: Primary Market: New Emissions.

The dataset contains waves 1 to 12 of the “POLAT Project. Spanish Political Attitudes Panel”, with information retrieved through online surveys carried out between 2010 and 2020. The dataset includes a total of 657 variables (not all of them are present in each of the twelve waves of the study), including: most important problem facing country, evaluations of the economy, political information consumption, emotions, attitudes towards issues, political trust, political knowledge, political participation, leaders’ evaluation, populist attitudes, modern sexism, ideology, partisanship, and sociodemographic characteristics.