According to a survey conducted in Spain in September 2024, **** percent of respondents stated they considered themselves lapsed ********. The second-largest denomination was practicing *********, with nearly ** percent of respondents.

Although traditionally a Catholic country, Spain saw a decline in the number of believers over the past years. Compared to 2011, when the share of believers accounted for slightly over 70 percent of the Spanish population, the Catholic community lost approximately 15 percentage points of their faithful by June 2025 with a share of 56.1 percent of the surveyed population. Believers of a religion other than Catholicism accounted for approximately 3.6 percent of the Spanish population in 2025 according to the most recent data. A Catholic majority, a practicing minority Going to mass is no longer a thing in Spain, or so it would seem when looking at the latest statistics about the matter: over 47 percent of those who consider themselves Catholics almost never attend any religious service in June 2025. The not so Catholic Spain Around 37 percent of the surveyed population stated to be either non-believers or full atheists in 2025. Non-believers or people that do not have a religious faith fluctuated over the past years with the latest figures showing a 21 percent of people that categorize themselves as so. The share of Spanish atheists is on the rise according to the most recent surveys, taking up 13.3 percent of respondents in June 2025.

Catholicism was the main religion in Spain as of 2022, with a total of **** million adherents. Islam followed second, with *** followers. Catalonia was the autonomous community with the largest number of Muslims in Spain.

In 2024, approximately ** percent of the population aged 75 and older reported being religious. In contrast, in the ***** age group, ****percent reported not being religious. Between the ages of ** and **, **** percent were not religious.

Spain: Christians as percent of the total population: The latest value from 2013 is 88.8 percent, a decline from 89.3 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 51.1 percent, based on data from 145 countries. Historically, the average for Spain from 1960 to 2013 is 95.9 percent. The minimum value, 88.8 percent, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 98.9 percent was recorded in 1960.

In June 2025, the percentage of believers in a religion other than Catholicism in Spain reached *** percent. The largest share was reached in May 2024 and January 2025, when *** of respondents claimed to follow a religion other than Catholicism.

Since 1980, the percentage of nonreligious people has more than quadrupled. In that year, 8.5 percent of the Spanish population was nonreligious. By 2024, more than 39 percent of the Spanish population reported not being religious.

Spain: Sunni Muslims as percent of the total population: The latest value from is percent, unavailable from percent in . In comparison, the world average is 0.0 percent, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Spain from to is percent. The minimum value, percent, was reached in while the maximum of percent was recorded in .

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this survey's topics focusing on religiosity and social ethics. Among the issues investigated are the concern about the opinion of others in personal decision-making, salient values of Spanish society, religious atmosphere in the family during respondent's childhood, religious practice during childhood, frequency of charitable donations, attitudes toward religious tax, marriage, and the Catholic Church, frequency of discussion about religious issues, and belief in occult sciences, astrology, and numerology. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

This dataset is the centerpiece of Pew Research Center's 2014 Religious Landscape Study, a nationally representative telephone survey conducted June 4-Sept. 30, 2014, among a sample of 35,071 U.S. adults. Approximately 60 percent of the interviews were conducted with respondents reached on cellphones (n=21,160) and 40 percent were completed on landlines (n=13,911). A minimum of 300 interviews were conducted in every state and the District of Columbia. Interviewing was conducted in English and Spanish. The survey is estimated to cover 97 percent of the non-institutionalized U.S. adult population; 3 percent of U.S. adults are not reachable by telephone or do not speak English or Spanish well enough to participate in the survey. No adjustments have been made to the data to attempt to account for the small amount of non-coverage.

The size of the national sample is unusually large for a religion survey. There are two main reasons for this. First, the large sample size makes it possible to estimate the religious composition of the U.S. with a high degree of precision. After taking into account the survey's design effect (based on the sample design and survey weights), the margin of error for the results based on the full sample is +/- 0.6 percentage points.

Second, the large sample size makes it possible to describe the characteristics of a wide variety of religious groups, including relatively small groups that cannot be analyzed using data from smaller surveys. With more than 35,000 respondents in total, the Religious Landscape Study includes interviews with roughly 350 in religious groups that account for just 1 percent of the U.S. population, and with 100 or more people in religious groups that are as small as three-tenths of 1 percent of the overall population. For instance, the study includes interviews with 245 Jehovah's Witnesses, a group that accounts for less than 1 percent of the U.S. population and is typically represented by only a few dozen respondents in smaller surveys.

The CIRES studies are conducted over a period of months in 1990. In 1990 the studies explore family formation and dissolution, health and health culture, and religious beliefs and practices. Studies are conducted under the supervision of Juan Diez Nicols October 1990 topics include life satisfaction, state of mind, frequency of relationships. Cantril's scale for the individual, Spain and the world, spatial identification, temporal orientation, degree of happiness, most important world objectives, marriage history, attitudes about marriage, importance of children, attitudes on divorce, attitudes on and the use of contraception, siblings, and basic demographics such as age, gender, marital status, occupation, education, religiosity, social class, birthplace, place of residence, and monthly earnings. October Sample: 1.200 persons of either sex, 18 years old and over, living in Spain. Random sample, stratified by autonomous regions and unicipalities according to their size. Field Research: Conducted from the 1st to the 7th of October 1990, through personal interview at the interviewees' homes, by Intercampo, Inc., Supervision by A.S.E.P of 20% of the interviews. November 1990 topics include life satisfaction, state of mind, frequency of relationships. Cantril's scale for the individual, Spain and the world, spatial identification, temporal orientation, degree of happiness, most important world objectives, general health status, chronic disease in the past year, person with whom R consulted about chronic illness, pain in the last 2 weeks, who consulted with about pain, bed days last 2 weeks, drugs last 2 weeks, types of drugs taken, doctors consulted last year, time waited for doctor appointment, travel time to doctor, waiting time at doctor appointment, hospitalizations, length of time spent in last hospitalization, reason for hospitalization, type of health insurance, health insurance payer, opinion on who should pay for health costs, opinion on public vs private health care, important aspects of health care facilities, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, hours slept per day, leisure time, height, weight, and basic demographics details such as age, gender, marital status, occupation, education, religiosity, social class, birthplace, place of residence, and monthly earnings. November Sample: 1.200 persons of either sex, 18 years old and over, living in Spain. Random sample, stratified by autonomous regions and municipalities according to their size. Field Research: Conducted from the 29th to the 6th of November 1990, through personal interview at the interviewees' homes, by Redex Network (IOPE-ETMAR). Supervision by A.S.E.P of 20% of the interviews. The December study covered life satisfaction, state of mind, frequency of relationships. Cantril's scale for the individual, Spain and the world, spatial identification, temporal orientation, degree of happiness, most important world objectives,religious beliefs and practice, moral attitudes, religious background, religious practice, attitudes toward religious sacrements, attitudes toward the catholic church and its ministries, beliefs and religious attitudes. Basic demographic details include age, gender, marital status, occupation, education, religiosity, social class, birthplace, place of residence, and monthly earnings. December sample: 1.200 persons of either sex, 18 years old and over, living in Spain. Random sample, stratified by autonomous regions and municipalities according to their size. Field Research: Conducted from the 26th of November to the 1st of December 1990, through personal interview at the interviewees' homes, by Redex Network (IOPE-ETMAR). Supervision by A.S.E.P of 20% of the interviews.

As of May 2023, the Popular Party (PP) is the party that has gained the most voting intentions from the Spanish Catholic population, with nearly 40 percent of practicing Catholics and approximately 27 percent of non-practicing Catholics intending to vote for this party. The preference of non-believing atheists, with more than 22 percent, is towards the Sumar party. As for believers in other religions, more than 24 percent stated that they would not vote in the July 23 elections.

In 2023, the agnostic group were the least likely to say that paying a woman for sex was acceptable, at about 25 percent. On the other hand, the Spanish residents that believe in a minority religion were the demographic most likely to say this behavior is unacceptable and should be criminalized, at approximately 38 percent.

This statistic presents the share of the Spanish population affiliated with a religious denomination in 2018, broken down by origin of the person. To that date, about ** percent of people born in Spain were affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church, whereas only ** percent of those abroad were followers of this denomination. It is worth noting that Islam represented about ** percent of the population born abroad and almost ** percent had no affiliation.

Espagne: Muslims as percent of the total population: Pour cet indicateur, The Cline Center for Democracy fournit des données pour la Espagne de 1960 à 2013. La valeur moyenne pour Espagne pendant cette période était de 1 pour cent avec un minimum de 1 pour cent en 1960 et un maximum de 1 pour cent en 1960.

Context

This the dataset used in the article "Wilgefortis as a Portuguese ambassador. How Portugal got hold on the Spanish Liberata". contributed by Marcos Nieto to the volume "Crucified Saints from Late Antiquity to the Modern Age" (Ed. by Barbara Crostini and Anthony Lappin) for the series: Sanctorum. Scritture, pratiche, immagini (http://www.aisscaweb.it/it/sanctorum-scritture-pratiche-immagini/)

Content

The entries represent printed books who mention saint Wilgefortis and its possible identification with a saint called Liberata as suggested by J. Molanus in 1568. The majority of entries have been obtained from online digitilized libraries, while the rest have been consulted in conventional libraries. In order to draw statistics, 4 categories have been established according to the opinion expressed by the authors of the books.

Category: OW Meaning: Only deals with Wilgefortis
Notes: No mention is made of a virgin martyr named Liberata

Category: LW Meaning: Liberata equals Wilgefortis
Notes: Liberata and Wilgefortis are considered two forms of naming the same saint

Category: OL Meaning: Only deals with Liberata
Notes: Only Liberata is considered, and Wilgefortis is not mentioned, even though it can incorporate materials from Wilgefortis’s legend (most notably, the crucifixion). Nothing is said about its nation of birth | Category: PL Meaning: Only deals with a Portuguese Liberata
Notes: No mention of Wilgefortis is made, only Liberata is considered, and explicitly states that she was born Portuguese

When in doubt, no category has been assigned. Works that consists on compilations (i.e. the Bollandists) have not been considered, because of the impossibility of assigning them to a single category. The same happens with the explosion of works concerning Wilgefortis-Kümmernis that began to appear since the middle of the XIXth century.

The purpose of the investigation is to correlate the shift in the religious devotion to Wilgefortis and/or Liberata with the European political changes, especially the relationship between Spain and Portugal.

Acknowledgements

I would want to acknowledge the help of the personal of several institutions: Archivo Catedral de Palencia, Archivo Catedral de Palencia, Archivo Capitular de Toledo, Biblioteca Universitaria de Valladolid , Biblioteca Palacio Real de Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Felipe Peces (Archivo Catedral de Sigüenza) and Harriet Hansell (Society of Antiquaries of London)

Inspiration

I am interested in identifiying the driving political forces behind the promotion or demotion of saints, and especially the saint called Librada in Sigüenza (Spain).

According to the source, the percentage of atheists in Spain doubled within 11 years, increasing sharply from 7.7 percent in January 2013 to roughly 16 percent in May 2024.

In the ********* school year, about **** million students were enrolled in Catholic religious education. In that year, elementary school students were the largest group, with about **** million enrolled.

The number of hate crimes reported in Spain in 2020 amounted to 1,334. In that year, there were a total of 485 crimes registered by racism or xenophobia in the country, the most common one.

According to a survey carried out in Spain in 2020, Maghrebis experienced the most discrimination due to their religion or clothing (such as the veil), with 56 percent. In the same year, 45 percent of people of Indo-Pakistani origin also reported being victim of religious discrimination.