As of June 2024, roughly 23 percent of the Spanish population believed that Spain's main current problem is related to the political issues. Unemployment, which was reported as the largest worrying factor in 2024, emerged as the third biggest problem in the country for the Spaniards, at approximately 20 percent.

Spanish economy

In 2023, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Spain was 1,462 billion euros. Spain suffered a steep decrease in its GDP during the COVID-19 pandemic when its value dropped 0.128 billion euros from 2019 to 2020. However, since then the value has been in constant growth. In 2021, the expenditure of Spanish households on consumption represented approximately 55 percent of the GPD.

Unemployment in Spain

Spain was the country with the highest unemployment rate in the European Union in August 2023. This economic problem impacts mostly the Spanish youth with 43 percent of the population aged between 16 and 19 years being unemployed, followed by nearly 26 percent of Spanish citizens in the age group of 20 to 24 years. As of the third quarter of 2023, there were over 2.9 million people unemployed in the country.

Datasets on refugee claims in Spain between 2013 and 2021. This dataset is composed of two data frames. Each data frame is distributed by male and female requests.

AsiloCA: request made focused on each autonomous community. Some usefull features information:

• CA -> Spanish autonomous community
• Solicitantes -> number of asylum requests
• Año -> year of the request
• Pais -> country

AsiloEspaña: requests made focused on the countries of origin. Some usefull features information:

• Nacionalidad -> applicant's nationality
• Hombres -> number of men requests
• Mujeres -> number of women requests
• Total -> total number of requests made by country and year
• Admitidas -> total number of admited requests
• Año -> year

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this survey's topic focusing on political and economic culture. Among the issues investigated are tolerance and social alienation, evaluation of the role of the state, opinions on strikes, evaluation of present fiscal policies in Spain, economic situation within respondent's household, evaluation of Spain's economic situation one year and five years ago compared with the present, type and size of firm where respondent worked, desired form of government for Spain, opinion on the role of the king, and evaluation of the Franco regime. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Luis Lira

Contents

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this survey's topic focusing on attitudes toward immigrants. Among the issues investigated are the respondent's evaluation of national peoples of different world regions, personal attitudes towards different social groups, understanding of reasons leading to migration, perception of immigration of North Africans, Black Africans, and Latin Americans into Spain, perception of immigration of people from developed countries into Spain, and Spanish out-migration. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

Section VI of the National Atlas of Spain (ANE) addresses topics that have seen significant growth in recent decades, reflecting the tertiarization of the Spanish economy. Three main themes are presented: education, science, culture, and sports; health, protection, and social policies; and security and justice. Education, science, culture, and sports highlight the Spanish educational system from early childhood to university, investment and production in science and technology, and Spain's cultural and sports heritage. Health, protection, and social policies focus on hospital and health center infrastructure, healthcare personnel, healthcare spending, and social protection, addressing aspects such as unemployment benefits and dependency care. Security and justice present the means for defense, material and human resources in security, crime and prison populations, as well as the resources and functioning of the judicial system. This section emphasizes the importance of these services for well-being and social cohesion in Spain.

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this survey's topic focusing on justice and civic rights. Among the issues investigated are the respondent's personal experience with lawyers and police, evaluation of Spanish prisons and treatment accorded to those in prison, attitudes toward the death penalty, evaluation of the Spanish penal code and the "Corcuera Law," evaluation of government policy with respect to the administration of justice, and perceived image of judicial institutions and justice professionals. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

Techsalerator's News Events Data for Spain: A Comprehensive Overview

Techsalerator's News Events Data for Spain is an essential resource for businesses, researchers, and media organizations. This dataset consolidates information on major news events across Spain, drawing from a diverse array of media sources, including news outlets, online publications, and social platforms. It offers valuable insights for those interested in tracking trends, analyzing public sentiment, or monitoring industry-specific developments.

Key Data Fields - Event Date: Records the precise date of the news event. This is crucial for analysts tracking trends over time or businesses responding to market changes. - Event Title: A concise headline describing the event. This allows users to quickly categorize and assess news content based on its relevance. - Source: Indicates the news outlet or platform where the event was reported. This helps users track reliable sources and evaluate the reach and influence of the event. - Location: Provides geographic details, showing where the event occurred within Spain. This is especially useful for regional analysis or localized marketing. - Event Description: A detailed summary of the event, including key developments, participants, and potential impacts. Researchers and businesses use this to understand the context and implications of the event.

Top 5 News Categories in Spain - Politics: Major news coverage on government decisions, political movements, elections, and policy changes that impact the national landscape. - Economy: Focuses on Spain’s economic indicators, inflation rates, international trade, and corporate activities influencing the business and finance sectors. - Social Issues: News events covering protests, public health, education, and other societal concerns that drive public discourse. - Sports: Highlights events in football, basketball, and other popular sports, often drawing significant attention and engagement across the country. - Technology and Innovation: Reports on tech developments, startups, and innovations within Spain’s growing tech ecosystem, showcasing emerging companies and advancements.

Top 5 News Sources in Spain - El País: A leading newspaper providing comprehensive coverage of national politics, economy, and social issues. - ABC: A major newspaper known for its timely updates on breaking news, politics, and current affairs. - La Vanguardia: A widely-read newspaper offering insights into local politics, economic developments, and societal trends. - El Mundo: A significant news source covering a broad spectrum of topics, including politics, economy, and social issues. - Europa Press: The national news agency delivering updates on significant events, public health, and sports across Spain.

Accessing Techsalerator’s News Events Data for Spain To access Techsalerator’s News Events Data for Spain, please contact info@techsalerator.com with your specific needs. We will provide a customized quote based on the data fields and records you require, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Included Data Fields - Event Date - Event Title - Source - Location - Event Description - Event Category (Politics, Economy, Sports, etc.) - Participants (if applicable) - Event Impact (Social, Economic, etc.)

Techsalerator’s dataset is an invaluable tool for keeping track of significant events in Spain. It aids in making informed decisions, whether for business strategy, market analysis, or academic research, providing a clear picture of the country’s news landscape.

Abstract: Environmental issues may promote open and complex discussions bringing students closer to their realities and different meanings for school learning. This research overviews the complexity in Science Teaching outcomes in Brazil and Spain. Beyond the research for results about different conceptions, it attempted to understand the approaches of these productions focused on environmental matters and the potential to promote a complex reading of the world. Methodologically, it presents levels of education, documents guiding Environmental Education in both countries, and investigates the works published in journals about complexity in socio-environmental issues. From the results, it was acknowledged that a range of approaches to the complexity perspective exists, it could be in a perspective of (i) punctual approximations; (ii) potential - in transition; (iii) high potential - consolidated. Particularly, productions in (iii) are closer to complexity as organizing element of Educational Dimension, Teaching-Learning Dimension and Epistemological Dimension.

A recent study performed in Spain in May 2023 found that a person's economic and employment context, and their attitude towards problems in life were the most commonly perceived factors influencing emotional wellbeing, as indicated by approximately ************** respondents. Moreover, perceiving support from family and friends was another relevant determinant of mental health, with approximately ** percent of interviewed adults agreeing with that statement.

Mental health is a major concern In recent years, the number of cases of anxiety disorder and depression has been rising in Spain, reaching more than *** million cases of anxiety and around *** million cases of depressive disorder attended by the primary healthcare services in 2022. These results align with recent studies showing that over half of Spaniards considered mental health a major health concern. Anxiety disorders are characterized by causing uncontrollable feelings of worry and fear that affect an individual's life, while people with depression might experience symptoms ranging from low mood or lack of motivation to irritability and sleep problems. Significant economic and social costs  As with any disease, mental health disorders entail several direct and indirect costs for health systems, businesses, and individuals. In Spain, spending associated with depression and anxiety increased in the last few years, reaching approximately **** billion euros in 2021, excluding productivity loss from companies. When considering expenditure type, nearly ** percent of costs related to anxiety and depression, or around *** million euros, corresponded to temporary sick leave costs, while spending for hospital admissions was valued at around ** million euros that same year.

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this survey's topic focusing on the use of time. Among the issues investigated are the allocation of time towards different activities, functional specialization of time, time allocation to different activities during weekends and vacations, and the degree of autonomy in planning use of time. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

Introduction

Welcome to the Spanish General Conversation Speech Dataset — a rich, linguistically diverse corpus purpose-built to accelerate the development of Spanish speech technologies. This dataset is designed to train and fine-tune ASR systems, spoken language understanding models, and generative voice AI tailored to real-world Spanish communication.

Curated by FutureBeeAI, this 30 hours dataset offers unscripted, spontaneous two-speaker conversations across a wide array of real-life topics. It enables researchers, AI developers, and voice-first product teams to build robust, production-grade Spanish speech models that understand and respond to authentic Spanish accents and dialects.

Speech Data

The dataset comprises 30 hours of high-quality audio, featuring natural, free-flowing dialogue between native speakers of Spanish. These sessions range from informal daily talks to deeper, topic-specific discussions, ensuring variability and context richness for diverse use cases.

Topic Diversity

The dataset spans a wide variety of everyday and domain-relevant themes. This topic diversity ensures the resulting models are adaptable to broad speech contexts.

Transcription

Each audio file is paired with a human-verified, verbatim transcription available in JSON format.

These transcriptions are production-ready, enabling seamless integration into ASR model pipelines or conversational AI workflows.

Metadata

The dataset comes with granular metadata for both speakers and recordings:

Such metadata helps developers fine-tune model training and supports use-case-specific filtering or demographic analysis.

Usage and Applications

This dataset is a versatile resource for multiple Spanish speech and language AI applications:

-Nationality of the person interviewed -Assessment of the general economic situation in Spain, current, prospective and retrospective to one year. -Assessment of the general political situation in Spain, current, prospective and retrospective to one year. -Major problems that currently exist in Spain. Social problems that personally affect more. -Satisfaction scale (0-10) with different aspects of personal life. -Personal happiness scale (0-10). Frequency with which the functioning of public services is discussed. -Grade of satisfaction with the functioning of different public services. -Functionality of taxes. -Compensation received by the company for the payment to the State/government of taxes and contributions. -Assessment of the consideration that is received personally and familiarly for the payment to the State/public administrations of taxes and contributions. -Assessment of state/general government expenditure on different public services. -Valuation scale (0-10) of the increase in taxes to have better public services and social benefits. Degree of awareness and responsibility of the Spaniards in the payment of taxes. Degree of conscience and personal responsibility when fulfilling the duties and obligations as a citizen when paying taxes. -Importance scale (0-10) of different civic attitudes. -Scale of trust (0-10) in people. -Tax pressure on taxpayers in Spain. Comparison of Spain's tax burden with Europe. -Preference for collection through direct or indirect taxes. -Justice in the collection of taxes. -Level of tax fraud that exists in Spain. -Number of people who declare all their income when making the income tax return. Number of people who declare all their income when making the VAT return. Reasons to hide the income from the Treasury. Effect of tax fraud. -I agree with different sentences on the consequences of tax fraud. -Assessment of the administration's efforts to combat tax fraud. Frequency with which he talks about tax issues with different people from the nearby social environment. -Level of influence of the decisions of the central government, the regional government and the municipality on personal and family well-being. -Attribution of responsibility for public revenues according to the different levels of government. -Attribution of responsibility for the provision of public services and social benefits according to the different levels of government -Declaration of income for this year (2015). -Result of income declaration (2015). -Box marked for assignment. -Probability of having your income tax return reviewed. -Valuation scale (0-10) of the reasons for obtaining an economic position. Self-definition of their political ideology. -Preference between different alternatives of territorial organization of the State in Spain. Nationalist sentiment. -Knowledge and rating scale (0-10) of national and regional political leaders. Intention to vote in alleged general elections and political party for which you feel most sympathy in general elections. -Ideological self-location scale (1-10) -Election participation and remembrance of vote in the 2016 general elections -Religiosity and frequency of attendance at religious services. -Assessment of the current and prospective one-year personal economic situation. -Personal and household income. Probability of losing or finding a job in the next 12 months Time of acquisition of Spanish nationality. Level of personal knowledge of the Spanish language and attributed by the interviewer.

Issue ownership theory posits that when social welfare is electorally salient, left-wing parties gain public support by rhetorically emphasizing social welfare issues. There is less research, however, on whether left-wing governing parties benefit from increasing social welfare spending. That is, it is not known whether leftist governments gain from acting on the issues they rhetorically emphasize. This article presents arguments that voters will not react to governments’ social welfare rhetoric, and reviews the conflicting arguments about how government support responds to social welfare spending. It then reports time-series, cross-sectional analyses of data on government support, governments’ social welfare rhetoric and social welfare spending from Britain, Spain and the United States, that support the prediction that government rhetoric has no effects. The article estimates, however, that increased social welfare spending sharply depresses support for both left- and right-wing governments. These findings highlight a strategic dilemma for left-wing governments, which lose public support when they act on their social welfare rhetoric by increasing welfare spending.

The dataset ‘Interest group preferences in deficit countries – Ireland, Spain and Greece’ provides a wide range of information on interest group positions on economic and social policy issues during the Eurozone crisis, which took place between 2010-15. The data was collected via population-surveys directed to interest group populations in Ireland, Spain, and Greece during the summer of 2017.

Territorial politics has remained an essential point of contention in Spain, with the accommodation of geographically concentrated minorities being one of the most unresolved challenges in this multinational state. The recent conflict in Catalonia, and the constitutional and democratic crisis resulting from it, illustrate the deficiencies of the institutional system that regulates the territorial distribution of power in Spain. Indeed, several issues, such as the recognition of national minorities or the fiscal treatment of regions, remain unresolved forty-five years after the inception of the Spanish autonomic system. To assess attitudes towards territorial issues among Spaniards, we conducted an online survey in Spain in June 2021 (drawing on a representative sample of the voting-age population) where we embedded a conjoint experiment.

The project is organised around three thematic areas: (i) how trust within and between social groups and towards governance institutions emerges and evolves in contexts of rising inequality; (ii) how trust in unequal societies shapes governance outcomes through two intervening factors - political behaviour and social mobilisation; and (iii) the pathways through which changes in such intervening factors may sometimes result in inclusive governance outcomes, but in the breakdown of governance at other times. Each of these areas will incorporate detailed theoretical and empirical analyses at the subnational level in four countries - Colombia, Mozambique, Pakistan and Spain - affected by rising inequalities and characterised by unstable or strained democratic institutions.

The absence of systematic qualitative, quantitative and behavioural data has hindered progress in understanding the links between inequality, trust and governance in countries outside North America and Western Europe. The project seeks to compile a number of unexplored data sources and collect new data comparatively across these other countries in order to fulfil this critical gap. This data collection will involve: (i) comparative individual-level surveys to understand contemporaneous levels of trust, and attitudes towards formal and non-formal local governing institutions, (ii) behavioural experiments under different inequality and political contexts to better understand the formation of trust under different scenarios, (iii) indepth interviews with key political actors in government, members of social movements and citizen organisations to understand how inequalities affect perceptions of governance and strategies of political mobilisation, and (iv) detailed compilation of archival data that will allow us to better understand how inequalities and attitudes have evolved across time and how different historical junctures may shape the governance outcomes we observe today.

According to a survey carried out among marketers in France, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands between September and October 2021, **** percent of respondents said they did not have a marketing campaign based on a social matter, while ***** percent said it was on its way. The highest share of respondents stating they already had a marketing campaign based on social matters was found in Spain, with ** percent, while France's ** percent represented the lowest share.

Intensive groundwater development is a common circumstance in semiarid and arid areas. Often abstraction exceeds recharge, thus continuously depleting reserves. There is groundwater mining when the recovery of aquifer reserves needs more than 50 years. The MASE project has been carried out to compile what is known about Spain and specifically about the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. The objective was the synthetic analysis of available data on the hydrological, economic, managerial, social, and ethical aspects of groundwater mining. Since the mid-20th century, intensive use of groundwater in south-eastern Spain allowed extending and securing the areas with traditional surface water irrigation of cash crops and their extension to former dry lands, taking advantage of good soils and climate. This fostered a huge economic and social development. Intensive agriculture is a main activity, although tourism plays currently an increasing economic role in the coasts. Many aquifers are relatively high yielding small carbonate units where the total groundwater level drawdown may currently exceed 300 m. Groundwater storage depletion is estimated about 15 km3. This volume is close to the total contribution of the Tagus-Segura water transfer, but without large investments paid for with public funds. Seawater desalination complements urban supply and part of cash crop cultivation. Reclaimed urban waste water is used for irrigation. Groundwater mining produces benefits but associated to sometimes serious economic, administrative, legal and environmental problems. The use of an exhaustible vital resource raises ethical concerns. It cannot continue under the current legal conditions. A progressive change of water use paradigm is the way out, but this is not in the mind of most water managers and politicians. The positive and negative results observed in south-eastern Spain may help to analyse other areas under similar hydrogeological conditions in a less advanced stage of water use evolution.

Abstract (en): This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this month's topic focusing on attitudes and behavior regarding alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. Among the issues investigated are the respondent's personal and family consumption habits with respect to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, including starting age, reasons for starting, frequency of use, and perceived effect on health. Respondent knowledge of drugs and drug typology is also examined. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence. Persons aged 18 and over living in Spain. Random sample, stratified by autonomous regions and municipalities according to their size. Values containing decimal points have actual periods in the data. The codebook for this collection is partially in Spanish.

Abstract (en): This data collection is part of a series of nationwide surveys conducted from October 1990 to June 1996 in Spain. The questionnaires for each of these surveys consisted of three sections. The first section collected information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal, national, and international issues, and included questions on respondents' level of life satisfaction and frequency of visits with relatives, neighbors, and friends. The second section contained a topical module of questions that varied from survey to survey, with this survey's topic focusing on demands for social welfare. Among the topics investigated were the socioeconomic status of households, health insurance coverage, sources of assistance received to deal with disease, mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse, and money problems, and knowledge of and attitudes toward public and private institutions that provide welfare assistance. The survey also gauged opinions regarding social inequality and aid to Third World countries. Questions in the third section of the questionnaire elicited socioeconomic information, such as respondent's sex, age, marital status, size of household, occupation, education, religion, religiosity, place of birth, and income. Persons aged 18 and over living in Spain. Random sample, stratified by autonomous regions and municipalities according to their size. (1) The codebook is provided as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided through the ICPSR Website on the Internet. (2) The SPSS data definition statements contain Spanish language labels and conform to the Code Page 437 and Code Page 850 symbol sets.