The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic hit the entertainment industry in Italy hard in 2020. At the beginning of March 2020, as the country adopted a national lockdown to limit the spread of the virus, theatres, music venues, and similar cultural facilities had to stay close to the public. As a result, the expenditure at the box office and the audience expenditure dropped sharply that month, reaching around four million euros and 15 million euros, respectively. As the lockdown was eased in May, both figures gradually rose during the summer, though staying way below pre-pandemic levels. Due to a rise in COVID-19 infections, new emergency restrictions came into action in October, causing another significant drop in spending over the last months of 2020.

The gap between the annual nominal household expenditure in 2019 and 2019 in Russia was prominently significant in month of March, which coincided with the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in the country. Namely, the nominal spending growth of Russian households in March of 2020 was measured at 205 percent, versus the 181 percent growth rate marked in the same month of 2019. By April 2020, expenditure growth rates dropped to 171 percent.

Advertising expenditure in Russia was measured at *** billion Russian rubles in 2023, marking an increase by around ** percent compared to the previous year. By 2024, it was expected to reach over *** trillion Russian rubles. What is the largest ad segment in Russia? Internet advertising had the largest budget in Russia compared to other media, followed by TV and out-of-home (OOH) ads. The online segment marked a steady increase over the past decade. In 2009, it accounted for less than ** percent of the total ad expenditure in the country. Digital advertising was predicted to a further expansion in Russia. COVID-19 impact on the Russian advertising industry In the view of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the market was forecast to decline by ** percent in 2020. In the first three months of that year, the internet showed the highest ad spend growth compared to other channels, measured at ** percent. The television ad budget saw a positive change for the first time since 2018. Over the same period, as more people watched TV during the lockdown.

Consumer Confidence in the United States increased to 61.80 points in July from 60.70 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Sentiment - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Abstract

Hungary Household Budget Survey has the following objectives: - obtain weights for consumer price index; - estimate household expenditure for national accounts; - study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc.; - study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups; - study consumer behavior among socio-economic groups; - contribute to general poverty and/or income distribution studies; - calculate minimum subsistence level (national poverty line).

Study respondents are chosen randomly from Hungarian citizens living in private households in Hungary. Data is gathered through face-to-face interviews and monthly diaries of household expenditures and incomes.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households;
• Individuals.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and dwelling respectively.

Stratification: Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria: geographical regions

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria: - age group of the head - educational level of household head, household size,economic activity of the household head

The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and the master sample of households respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. The sample size was 11000 households or other units. The overall response rate for the survey was 62 percent.4 Errors/biases were minimized by using systematic substitution.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a panel design in which each reporting unit is enumerated more than once. The sample is divided into 3 representative sub-samples, some of which are replaced with new ones during the lifetime of the panel. Each sub-sample remains in the panel for 36 months. The survey uses 3 sub-samples at the same time and drops 1 sub-samples each time. The panel has an expected lifetime of 3 years, and each reporting household/unit is enumerated 3 times in total. If a reporting household/unit drops out from the panel, it is abandonned. If changes occur in composition of the reporting household/unit during the lifetime of the panel, then it continues in the panel. A smaller set of reporting units is selected from which information on specific issues is gathered or more detailed questions are asked.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household questionnaires and the income/expenditure diary collect the following information:

• Main characteristics of households: number of persons; activity of the members; data of housing: type of occupation; type of heating, number of room; stock of consumer durables;
• Monthly diary about incomes and expenditures of the households by categories;

Incomes by main categories: - Income from work: earnings from main activity; supplementary compensations; entrepreneurial income; agricultural income; - Social income: pensions, pension supplements; unemployment benefits; child-care benefits; family allowance; child-care allowance; - Other income: other income in cash and in kind; - Gross income; social security contributions; personal income tax; net disposable income; - Child tax allowance.

Expenditures by main categories: - Meat and meat products; eggs; milk, cheese, other dairy products; fats and oils; bread and rolls; - Cereals; Sugar; Sweet products; Vegetables; Fruits; Other foods; Food consumption outside home; - Coffee, tea; Soft drinks; Wine; Beer; Other alcoholic drinks; Tobacco; Men’s clothing articles; - Women’s clothing articles; Children’s clothing articles; Other clothing articles; Clothing services; - Rent, tax on houses; Maintenance cost of dwelling; Other service of housing or real estate: water charge, sewerage fee, other; Insurance of real estate; Solid fuel and heating oil; District heating; Electricity; Piped gas; Bottled gas; - Repair of dwelling; Furniture; Household durable goods; Household cleaning supplies, and other materials; - Household textiles, Household tools and appliances; Household services; Pharmaceuticals, medical devices; - Health services; Gratuities; Personal care; Passenger car new; - Other vehicles; Spare parts for vehicles; Fuel for vehicles; Insurance fees for vehicles; Maintenance of vehicles; Local transportation; Long-distance transportation; Other purchased transport services; - Telephone, fax, message receiver; Telephone charges; - Postal charges; - Electronic entertainment equipment; Personal computer; Instruments; - Other cultural durable goods; Newspapers, magazines, books; Schoolbooks; - School fee; School supplies, stationery; Other cultural and sport equipment and their repair; - Television subscription; Theatre, concert, cinema, other entertainment tickets, fee; - Recreation domestic; Recreation abroad; Personal related insurances; - Other personal expenditures; - New construction, renovation, purchase of real estate.

Abstract

The Hungary Household Budget Survey (HBS) gathers information about living standards of households, their assets, employment status of household members, their education level, types of income they earn, and household consumption/expenditure patterns.

The survey has the following objectives: - obtain weights for consumer price index; - estimate household expenditure for national accounts; - study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc.; - study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups; - study consumer behavior among socio-economic groups; - contribute to general poverty and/or income distribution studies; - calculate minimum subsistence level (national poverty line).

Study respondents are chosen randomly from Hungarian citizens living in private households in Hungary. Data is gathered through face-to-face interviews and monthly diaries of household expenditures and incomes.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households;
• Individuals.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and dwelling respectively.

Stratification: Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria: geographical regions

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria: - age group of the head; - educational level of household head, household size,economic activity of the household head.

The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and the master sample of households respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. The sample size was 11000 households or other units. The overall response rate for the survey was 62 percent.4 Errors/biases were minimized by using systematic substitution.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a panel design in which each reporting unit is enumerated more than once. The sample is divided into 3 representative sub-samples, some of which are replaced with new ones during the lifetime of the panel. Each sub-sample remains in the panel for 36 months. The survey uses 3 sub-samples at the same time and drops 1 sub-samples each time. The panel has an expected lifetime of 3 years, and each reporting household/unit is enumerated 3 times in total. If a reporting household/unit drops out from the panel, it is abandonned. If changes occur in composition of the reporting household/unit during the lifetime of the panel, then it continues in the panel. A smaller set of reporting units is selected from which information on specific issues is gathered or more detailed questions are asked.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household questionnaires and the income/expenditure diary collect the following information:

• Main characteristics of households: number of persons; activity of the members; data of housing: type of occupation; type of heating, number of room; stock of consumer durables;
• Monthly diary about incomes and expenditures of the households by categories;

Incomes by main categories: - income from work: earnings from main activity; supplementary compensations; entrepreneurial income; agricultural income; - social income: pensions, pension supplements; unemployment benefits; child-care benefits; family allowance; child-care allowance; - other income: other income in cash and in kind; - gross income; social security contributions; personal income tax; net disposable income; - child tax allowance.

Expenditures by main categories: - meat and meat products; eggs; milk, cheese, other dairy products; fats and oils; bread and rolls; - cereals; sugar; sweet products; vegetables; fruits; other foods; food consumption outside home; - coffee, tea; soft drinks; wine; beer; other alcoholic drinks; tobacco; men’s clothing articles; - women’s clothing articles; children’s clothing articles; other clothing articles; clothing services; - rent, tax on houses; maintenance cost of dwelling; other service of housing or real estate: water charge, sewerage fee, other; insurance of real estate; solid fuel and heating oil; district heating; electricity; piped gas; bottled gas; - repair of dwelling; furniture; household durable goods; household cleaning supplies, and other materials; - household textiles, household tools and appliances; household services; pharmaceuticals, medical devices; - health services; gratuities; personal care; passenger car new; - other vehicles; spare parts for vehicles; fuel for vehicles; insurance fees for vehicles; maintenance of vehicles; local transportation; long-distance transportation; other purchased transport services; - telephone, fax, message receiver; telephone charges; - postal charges; - electronic entertainment equipment; personal computer; instruments; - other cultural durable goods; newspapers, magazines, books; schoolbooks; - school fee; school supplies, stationery; other cultural and sport equipment and their repair; - television subscription; theatre, concert, cinema, other entertainment tickets, fee; - recreation domestic; recreation abroad; personal related insurances; - other personal expenditures; - new construction, renovation, purchase of real estate.

Household expenditures on consumer goods appeared to generally be quite stable between January 2019 and February 2020 across all categories. There was, however, a significant change in March 2020 caused by the lockdown implemented by French authorities in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis. While spending on manufactured goods dropped considerably that month, food expenses increased slightly. In August 2022, eregy expenses reached more than eight billion euros.

In May 2025, the index for consumer confidence in China ranged at ** points, up from **** points in the previous month. The index dropped considerably in the first half of 2022 and performed a sideways movement during 2023 and 2024. Consumer confidence Index The consumer confidence index (CCI), also called Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS) is a commonly used indicator to measure the degree of economic optimism among consumers. Based on information about saving and spending activities of consumers, changes in business climate and future spending behavior are being projected. The CCI plays an important role for investors, retailers, and manufacturers in their decision-making processes. However, measurement of consumer confidence varies strongly from country to country. As consumers need time to react to economic changes, the CCI tends to lag behind other indicators like the consumer price index (CPI) and the producer price index (PPI). Development in China As shown by the graph at hand, confidence among Chinese consumers picked up since mid of 2016. In October 2017, the CCI hit a record value of 127.6 index points and entered into a sideward movement. Owing to a relative stability in GDP growth, a low unemployment rate, and a steady development of disposable household income, Chinese consumers gained more confidence in the state of the national economy. Those factors also contribute to the consumers’ spending power, which was reflected by a larger share of consumption in China’s GDP. After the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, consumer confidence dropped quickly in the beginning of 2020, but started to recover in the second half of the year, leading to a v-shaped movement of the index in 2020.

Abstract

Hungary Household Budget Survey has the following objectives: - obtain weights for consumer price index; - estimate household expenditure for national accounts; - study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc.; - study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups; - study consumer behavior among socio-economic groups; - contribute to general poverty and/or income distribution studies; - calculate minimum subsistence level (national poverty line).

Study respondents are chosen randomly from Hungarian citizens living in private households in Hungary. Data is gathered through face-to-face interviews and monthly diaries of household expenditures and incomes.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households;
• Individuals.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and dwelling respectively.

Stratification: Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria: geographical regions

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria: - age group of the head - educational level of household head, household size,economic activity of the household head

The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and the master sample of households respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. The sample size was 11000 households or other units. The overall response rate for the survey was 62 percent.4 Errors/biases were minimized by using systematic substitution.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a panel design in which each reporting unit is enumerated more than once. The sample is divided into 3 representative sub-samples, some of which are replaced with new ones during the lifetime of the panel. Each sub-sample remains in the panel for 36 months. The survey uses 3 sub-samples at the same time and drops 1 sub-samples each time. The panel has an expected lifetime of 3 years, and each reporting household/unit is enumerated 3 times in total. If a reporting household/unit drops out from the panel, it is abandonned. If changes occur in composition of the reporting household/unit during the lifetime of the panel, then it continues in the panel. A smaller set of reporting units is selected from which information on specific issues is gathered or more detailed questions are asked.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household questionnaires and the income/expenditure diary collect the following information:

• Main characteristics of households: number of persons; activity of the members; data of housing: type of occupation; type of heating, number of room; stock of consumer durables;
• Monthly diary about incomes and expenditures of the households by categories;

Incomes by main categories: - Income from work: earnings from main activity; supplementary compensations; entrepreneurial income; agricultural income; - Social income: pensions, pension supplements; unemployment benefits; child-care benefits; family allowance; child-care allowance; - Other income: other income in cash and in kind; - Gross income; social security contributions; personal income tax; net disposable income; - Child tax allowance.

Expenditures by main categories: - Meat and meat products; eggs; milk, cheese, other dairy products; fats and oils; bread and rolls; - Cereals; Sugar; Sweet products; Vegetables; Fruits; Other foods; Food consumption outside home; - Coffee, tea; Soft drinks; Wine; Beer; Other alcoholic drinks; Tobacco; Men’s clothing articles; - Women’s clothing articles; Children’s clothing articles; Other clothing articles; Clothing services; - Rent, tax on houses; Maintenance cost of dwelling; Other service of housing or real estate: water charge, sewerage fee, other; Insurance of real estate; Solid fuel and heating oil; District heating; Electricity; Piped gas; Bottled gas; - Repair of dwelling; Furniture; Household durable goods; Household cleaning supplies, and other materials; - Household textiles, Household tools and appliances; Household services; Pharmaceuticals, medical devices; - Health services; Gratuities; Personal care; Passenger car new; - Other vehicles; Spare parts for vehicles; Fuel for vehicles; Insurance fees for vehicles; Maintenance of vehicles; Local transportation; Long-distance transportation; Other purchased transport services; - Telephone, fax, message receiver; Telephone charges; - Postal charges; - Electronic entertainment equipment; Personal computer; Instruments; - Other cultural durable goods; Newspapers, magazines, books; Schoolbooks; - School fee; School supplies, stationery; Other cultural and sport equipment and their repair; - Television subscription; Theatre, concert, cinema, other entertainment tickets, fee; - Recreation domestic; Recreation abroad; Personal related insurances; - Other personal expenditures; - New construction, renovation, purchase of real estate.

Household expenditures on consumer goods appeared to generally be quite stable between January 2019 and February 2020 across all categories. There was, however, a significant change in March 2020 caused by the lockdown implemented by French authorities in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis. While spending on manufactured goods dropped considerably that month, food expenses increased slightly. At the same time, the share of monthly household expenditure dedicated to food products strongly increased, and represented more than half of household expenditure on consumer goods in April 2020. However, this share had decreased by August 2022, reaching less than 36 percent.

Abstract

Household Budget Survey is conducted annually by Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The survey gathers information about living standards of households, their assets, employment status of household members, their education level, types of income they earn, and household consumption/expenditure patterns. Since year 2000, household consumption expenditures estimations use COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purposes).

Hungary Household Budget Survey has the following objectives: - obtain weights for consumer price index; - estimate household expenditure for national accounts; - study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc.; - study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups; - study consumer behavior among socio-economic groups; - contribute to general poverty and/or income distribution studies; - calculate minimum subsistence level (national poverty line).

Study respondents are chosen randomly from Hungarian citizens living in private households in Hungary. Data is gathered through face-to-face interviews and monthly diaries of household expenditures and incomes.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households;
• Individuals.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and dwelling respectively.

Stratification: Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria: geographical regions

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria: - age group of the head; - educational level of household head, household size,economic activity of the household head.

The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and the master sample of households respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. The sample size was 11000 households or other units. The overall response rate for the survey was 62 percent. 4 Errors/biases were minimized by using systematic substitution.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a panel design in which each reporting unit is enumerated more than once. The sample is divided into 3 representative sub-samples, some of which are replaced with new ones during the lifetime of the panel. Each sub-sample remains in the panel for 36 months. The survey uses 3 sub-samples at the same time and drops 1 sub-samples each time. The panel has an expected lifetime of 3 years, and each reporting household/unit is enumerated 3 times in total. If a reporting household/unit drops out from the panel, it is abandonned. If changes occur in composition of the reporting household/unit during the lifetime of the panel, then it continues in the panel. A smaller set of reporting units is selected from which information on specific issues is gathered or more detailed questions are asked.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household questionnaires and the income/expenditure diary collect the following information:

• Main characteristics of households: number of persons; activity of the members; data of housing: type of occupation; type of heating, number of room; stock of consumer durables;
• Monthly diary about incomes and expenditures of the households by categories;

Incomes by main categories: - Income from work: earnings from main activity; supplementary compensations; entrepreneurial income; agricultural income; - Social income: pensions, pension supplements; unemployment benefits; child-care benefits; family allowance; child-care allowance; - Other income: other income in cash and in kind; - Gross income; social security contributions; personal income tax; net disposable income; - Child tax allowance.

Expenditures by main categories: - Meat and meat products; eggs; milk, cheese, other dairy products; fats and oils; bread and rolls; - Cereals; Sugar; Sweet products; Vegetables; Fruits; Other foods; Food consumption outside home; - Coffee, tea; Soft drinks; Wine; Beer; Other alcoholic drinks; Tobacco; Men’s clothing articles; - Women’s clothing articles; Children’s clothing articles; Other clothing articles; Clothing services; - Rent, tax on houses; Maintenance cost of dwelling; Other service of housing or real estate: water charge, sewerage fee, other; Insurance of real estate; Solid fuel and heating oil; District heating; Electricity; Piped gas; Bottled gas; - Repair of dwelling; Furniture; Household durable goods; Household cleaning supplies, and other materials; - Household textiles, Household tools and appliances; Household services; Pharmaceuticals, medical devices; - Health services; Gratuities; Personal care; Passenger car new; - Other vehicles; Spare parts for vehicles; Fuel for vehicles; Insurance fees for vehicles; Maintenance of vehicles; Local transportation; Long-distance transportation; Other purchased transport services; - Telephone, fax, message receiver; Telephone charges; - Postal charges; - Electronic entertainment equipment; Personal computer; Instruments; - Other cultural durable goods; Newspapers, magazines, books; Schoolbooks; - School fee; School supplies, stationery; Other cultural and sport equipment and their repair; - Television subscription; Theatre, concert, cinema, other entertainment tickets, fee; - Recreation domestic; Recreation abroad; Personal related insurances; - Other personal expenditures; - New construction, renovation, purchase of real estate.