Graph and download economic data for U.S. / U.K. Foreign Exchange Rate in the United Kingdom (USUKFXUKM) from Jan 1791 to Jan 2017 about academic data, United Kingdom, exchange rate, and rate.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: US Dollar data was reported at 1.291 USD/GBP in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.301 USD/GBP for Oct 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 1.624 USD/GBP from Jan 1975 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 527 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.419 USD/GBP in Mar 1975 and a record low of 1.093 USD/GBP in Feb 1985. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

August 2024 marked a significant shift in the UK's monetary policy, as it saw the first reduction in the official bank base interest rate since August 2023. This change came after a period of consistent rate hikes that began in late 2021. In a bid to minimize the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of England cut the official bank base rate in March 2020 to a record low of *** percent. This historic low came just one week after the Bank of England cut rates from **** percent to **** percent in a bid to prevent mass job cuts in the United Kingdom. It remained at *** percent until December 2021 and was increased to one percent in May 2022 and to **** percent in October 2022. After that, the bank rate increased almost on a monthly basis, reaching **** percent in August 2023. It wasn't until August 2024 that the first rate decrease since the previous year occurred, signaling a potential shift in monetary policy. Why do central banks adjust interest rates? Central banks, including the Bank of England, adjust interest rates to manage economic stability and control inflation. Their strategies involve a delicate balance between two main approaches. When central banks raise interest rates, their goal is to cool down an overheated economy. Higher rates curb excessive spending and borrowing, which helps to prevent runaway inflation. This approach is typically used when the economy is growing too quickly or when inflation is rising above desired levels. Conversely, when central banks lower interest rates, they aim to encourage borrowing and investment. This strategy is employed to stimulate economic growth during periods of slowdown or recession. Lower rates make it cheaper for businesses and individuals to borrow money, which can lead to increased spending and investment. This dual approach allows central banks to maintain a balance between promoting growth and controlling inflation, ensuring long-term economic stability. Additionally, adjusting interest rates can influence currency values, impacting international trade and investment flows, further underscoring their critical role in a nation's economic health. Recent interest rate trends Between 2021 and 2025, most advanced and emerging economies experienced a period of regular interest rate hikes. This trend was driven by several factors, including persistent supply chain disruptions, high energy prices, and robust demand pressures. These elements combined to create significant inflationary trends, prompting central banks to raise rates to temper spending and borrowing. However, in 2024, a shift began to occur in global monetary policy. The European Central Bank (ECB) was among the first major central banks to reverse this trend by cutting interest rates. This move signaled a change in approach aimed at addressing growing economic slowdowns and supporting growth.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Australian Dollar data was reported at 1.747 AUD/GBP in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.790 AUD/GBP for Oct 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 2.061 AUD/GBP from Jan 1975 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 527 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.982 AUD/GBP in Sep 2001 and a record low of 1.294 AUD/GBP in Oct 1976. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Daily foreign exchange operations by the Bank of England between 1952 and 1995. Copied from manuscript records at the Bank of England archive. There is a "read me" tab with more details on the data. The data is linked to the following publication which you can cite if using the data Naef, Alain. 2022. An Exchange Rate History of the United Kingdom: 1945–1992. Studies in Macroeconomic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/an-exchange-rate-history-of-the-united-kingdom/68B7E57D9884394B815C76D48ACD3FB6. If you just want to use the data to run econometrics or as a control variable, there is a ready to use tab with the plain simple data. If you do so, be aware that Black Wednesday (16 September 1992) is an outlier by many standard deviations. If you want to dig more, there are more granular forms of data. The licence is public domain, so no restrictions whatsoever.

In the middle of 2025, the Bank of England had roughly *** billion British pounds worth of assets on their balance sheet, out of which foreign exchange reserves amounted to approximately *** billion British pounds. The base rate and the deposit rate in August 2025 stood at **** percent, and the lending rate (or operational lending facility) at *** percent.

This report analyses the real effective exchange rate of the Great British pound (GBP). The effective exchange rate measures the trade-weighted value of the pound, calculated by measuring the weighted change across all included exchange rates. The data is sourced from the Bank of England (BoE), in addition to estimates by IBISWorld, and represents annual averages for each financial year (i.e., April through March), expressed in index form where January 2005 is the base (i.e., January 2005 = 100 points). There are two effective exchange rates: the first includes only currencies that account for at least 1% of UK trade; while the second - known as the broad rate - includes all currencies that account for at least 0.5% of UK trade. For the purpose of this report, the broad effective exchange rate is analysed.

United Kingdom UK: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data was reported at 99.653 2010=100 in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 104.763 2010=100 for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data is updated yearly, averaging 117.379 2010=100 from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.004 2010=100 in 1981 and a record low of 97.703 2010=100 in 2009. United Kingdom UK: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Hong Kong data was reported at 10.197 HKD/GBP in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.237 HKD/GBP for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Hong Kong data is updated monthly, averaging 12.114 HKD/GBP from Jan 1977 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 502 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.101 HKD/GBP in Nov 2007 and a record low of 7.955 HKD/GBP in Mar 1977. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Hong Kong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Euro data was reported at 1.137 GBP/EUR in Nov 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.147 GBP/EUR for Oct 2025. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Euro data is updated monthly, averaging 1.242 GBP/EUR from Jan 1999 (Median) to Nov 2025, with 323 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.700 GBP/EUR in Oct 2000 and a record low of 1.087 GBP/EUR in Mar 2009. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Euro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M: Foreign Exchange Rates.

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: New Zealand Dollar data was reported at 1.991 NZD/GBP in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.980 NZD/GBP for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: New Zealand Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 2.499 NZD/GBP from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.624 NZD/GBP in Oct 2000 and a record low of 1.698 NZD/GBP in Oct 1976. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: New Zealand Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

This table contains 27 series, with data starting from 1981 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Type of currency (27 items: Australian dollar, monthly average; Brazilian real, monthly average; Chinese renminbi, monthly average; European euro, monthly average; ...).

Graph and download economic data for U.S. Dollars to U.K. Pound Sterling Spot Exchange Rate (DEXUSUK) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-11-28 about United Kingdom, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

United Kingdom UK: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data was reported at 0.777 GBP/USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.741 GBP/USD for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.568 GBP/USD from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.779 GBP/USD in 1985 and a record low of 0.357 GBP/USD in 1966. United Kingdom UK: Official Exchange Rate: Average: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

Graph and download economic data for Real Broad Effective Exchange Rate for United Kingdom (RBGBBIS) from Jan 1994 to Oct 2025 about broad, United Kingdom, exchange rate, currency, real, and rate.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Japanese Yen data was reported at 146.653 JPY/GBP in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 146.341 JPY/GBP for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Japanese Yen data is updated monthly, averaging 201.265 JPY/GBP from Jan 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 526 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 707.797 JPY/GBP in Jan 1975 and a record low of 119.362 JPY/GBP in Jan 2012. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Japanese Yen data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

This report analyses the exchange rate between the Great British pound (GBP) sterling and the US dollar (USD). Figures are quoted in terms of USD ($) per GBP (£), meaning that a rise in the figure represents a stronger comparative pound. The data is sourced from the Bank of England (BoE) in addition to estimates by IBISWorld, with reference to the conditioning assumptions for the sterling effective exchange rate published by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). The figures represent annual averages for each financial year (i.e., April through March). The spot price of the pound sterling in US dollars is determined by the supply and demand of the two currencies, which is in turn predominantly affected by the relative performance of the two economies and differences is monetary policy (i.e., interest rates) and inflation rates. The GBP/USD currency pair is one of the most frequently traded on global foreign exchange markets and, like all money markets, can be relatively volatile. The US dollar is also seen as a "safe-haven" currency, which can also have a significant bearing on the way it trades against other currencies on the global market.

Stock and commodity exchanges can benefit from various sources of revenue, ranging from fees charged through the purchasing and selling of stocks and commodities to the listing of companies on exchanges with IPOs. Yet, this hasn't meant exchanges have been free of challenges, with many companies looking to more attractive overseas markets in countries like the US that embrace stronger growth. The most notable culprits have been ARM and CRH, refusing to put up with the increasingly cheaper valuations offered by UK stock exchanges.Stock and commodity exchange revenue is expected to boom at a compound annual rate of 13% over the five years through 2025-26 to £18 billion, including growth of 5.2% in 2025-26. Boosted by the London Stock Exchange Group's Refinitiv purchase in 2021-22, the growth numbers seem inflated. The industry saw ample consolidations, aided by MiFID II's initiation in 2018. However, M&As have slumped over recent years as a result of high borrowing costs and a foggy economic outlook. Interest rate cuts and growing confidence are set to facilitate a modest recovery over the two years through 2025, driving revenue growth and supporting profit of 25.7% in 2025-26. Exchanges have also capitalised on volatile markets, with nervous investors triggering sharp sell-offs amid a tense geopolitical backdrop with Trump’s tariff policies. Consolidation amongst the largest players has been frequent, ratcheting up market share concentration. This will also prompt smaller exchanges to target niche markets and potentially band together in networks or alliances to pool liquidity and strengthen bargaining power. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.7% over the five years through 2030-31 to £22.7 billion. Over the short term, sticky inflation and how aggressively the Bank of England cuts rates will incite volatility and fuel trading on exchanges, driving revenue growth. Geopolitical tensions also show no signs of cooling, with the potential for matters to even escalate, keeping markets edgy and increasing the likelihood of large market swings. The use of blockchain will become more prevalent, with major player, the London Stock Exchange Group, already introducing a blockchain-based infrastructure platform for private markets. These exchanges allow for 24/7 trading, lower settlement times, and often lower fees, which can attract retail and institutional participants, driving fee income.

View daily updates and historical trends for Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA). from United Kingdom. Source: Bank of England. Track economic data w…