This dataset provides the sampling locations and identifications for a total of 60 larvae collected near deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields and used in a microbiome study by Carrier et al. (2020, submitted). The larvae were collected near hydrothermal vent fields on the East Pacific Rise (EPR 9°50'N vent field), on the Mariana Back-Arc Spreading Center (near Snail and Archaean vent fields), and in Pescadero Basin (Auka vent field) in the Gulf of California. This dataset is derived from a dataset in the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) repository (Beaulieu et al., 2021, doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.839476.1) with the addition of two Darwin Core terms recommended for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; countryCode and kingdom). See the dataset in BCO-DMO for acquisition description, data columns removed that were not in the Darwin Core standard (e.g., Lowest_level_taxon_name_or_morphotype, microbiome_16S_Dryad), and associatedMedia. Note that the use of the Darwin Core term habitat differs from the standard definition; we describe the habitat as "hydrothermal vent" ENVO term http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000215 for those taxa for which we are confident that the adults live at a hydrothermal vent, otherwise NotDetermined. Funding to collect specimens was from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) OCE-0424953 and OCE-1028862 and the Dalio Explore Fund, and funding to standardize these data to Darwin Core for sharing through the Ocean Biodiversity Information System was from NSF DEB-1558904 and OCE-1829773.

This dataset indicates organisms, identified to varying levels of taxonomic granularity, present on colonization surfaces deployed at deep-sea vents in the West Pacific. access_formats=.htmlTable,.csv,.json,.mat,.nc,.tsv,.esriCsv,.geoJson acquisition_description=Deployment of Colonization Substrate
Two sets of three colonization "sandwiches" were deployed at Snail Vent, a hydrothermal vent in the Mariana Back-arc, during cruise YK10-11 in 2010. "Sandwiches" consisted of six Lexan plastic settlement plates, each measuring 0.7cm by 10cm by 10cm, separated from each other by 1cm spacers. The sandwich sets were placed near the base of a hydrothermal vent by the submersible Shinkai 6500. For additional deployment metadata, please refer to: http://www.marine-geo.org/tools/search/entry.php?id=YK10-11, in particular the Bottom:Deployed Event Marker-Sandwiches and Sampler:Biology:ColonizationSubstrate. We want to thank Chief Scientist Shigeaki Kojima for this sample deployment.

Recovery of Colonization Substrate
The sandwiches were left for approximately 4 years, and recovered by the ROV Jason II in 2014 on cruise RR1413. Only one set of colonization sandwiches was retrieved, as the other set was buried and could not be recovered. The maximum temperature observed at the sandwiches during recovery was 17.36 deg C. Sandwiches were initially placed into a biobox onboard the ROV, then transferred to another biobox on an elevator for recovery. During this transfer, as well as during the recovery of the elevator at the surface, some specimens may have been lost.

Shipboard Sample Processing
Sandwiches were removed from the biobox into individual bags and the elevator biobox washings were siphoned into a jar. The bags and jar were filled with ammonium sulfate solution buffered with EDTA and sodium citrate. We want to thank Shawn Arellano for this sample recovery and shipboard sample processing.

Laboratory Sorting and Morphological Identification
Samples remained in the ammonium sulfate solution for 1 to 1.5 years. Samples were rinsed with TE buffer prior to placement in 95% ethanol. The sandwiches were manually disassembled, and each entire plate- inclusive of both sides and edges- was examined for all attached macrofauna under a dissecting microscope at 25x. Washings were passed over a 63 micron sieve, and also examined at 25x.

Macrofauna, including foraminifera, were sorted to lowest taxonomic level, tallied, and placed into separate vials. Ciliates were tallied, but not usually retained; some were placed into sorted vials. Morphological identification was limited due to the degradation of the sample. We consulted with international experts to identify many of the morphotypes. All morphotypes, except the ciliates, were photographed. Potentially, ciliates could be identified through metabarcoding of the sorted vials. All photographs were by Mary Toner, with the exception of barnacles by Hiromi Watanabe.

This dataset is complete for one of the three "sandwiches", and for the biobox washings.

Genetic Barcoding
A subset of eight individuals, representing eight morphotypes, was prepared for the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding. We used sterile techniques to provide snips of larger specimens. The five submitted in 2017 used the CCDB regular protocol for extraction, amplification, (with two primer sets, C_LepFoIF/C_LepFOIR and ZplankF1/ZplankR1) and sequencing for the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 - 5 prime region (COI). The three submitted in 2018 used the CCDB protocol for Next Generation Sequencing for COI. Results may be viewed in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) Public Data Portal using the project search SNLBE. We also consulted with international experts on genetic sequences.

Problem Report
One set of colonization "sandwiches" could not be recovered, as it was buried by a partial collapse of surrounding rock.

Some specimens may have been lost during a transfer of samples between bioboxes at the seafloor, as well as upon recovery at the surface. As such, our counts cannot be used for quantitative analysis of hydrothermal macrofauna. awards_0_award_nid=557458 awards_0_award_number=OCE-1155756 awards_0_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1155756 awards_0_funder_name=NSF Division of Ocean Sciences awards_0_funding_acronym=NSF OCE awards_0_funding_source_nid=355 awards_0_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_0_program_manager_nid=50534 awards_1_award_nid=767732 awards_1_award_number=OCE-1028862 awards_1_data_url=http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1028862 awards_1_funder_name=NSF Division of Ocean Sciences awards_1_funding_acronym=NSF OCE awards_1_funding_source_nid=355 awards_1_program_manager=David L. Garrison awards_1_program_manager_nid=50534 cdm_data_type=Other comment=Macrofauna collected on colonization panels at Snail Vent Field on the Mariana Back-arc in 2014 PI: Stace Beaulieu (WHOI) Co-PIs: Mary Toner & Susan Mills (WHOI) Version history:
2020-02-11 (current) - changed "no photo" in associatedMedia column to "nd" 2019-12-10 (v1) - origial file served Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 data_source=extract_data_as_tsv version 2.3 19 Dec 2019 defaultDataQuery=&time<now doi=10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.783880.2 Easternmost_Easting=143.619 geospatial_lat_max=12.9531 geospatial_lat_min=12.9531 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=143.619 geospatial_lon_min=143.619 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=2848.0 geospatial_vertical_min=2848.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_units=m infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/783880 institution=BCO-DMO instruments_0_acronym=ROV Jason instruments_0_dataset_instrument_nid=783944 instruments_0_description=The Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Jason is operated by the Deep Submergence Laboratory (DSL) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). WHOI engineers and scientists designed and built the ROV Jason to give scientists access to the seafloor that didn't require them leaving the deck of the ship. Jason is a two-body ROV system. A 10-kilometer (6-mile) fiber-optic cable delivers electrical power and commands from the ship through Medea and down to Jason, which then returns data and live video imagery. Medea serves as a shock absorber, buffering Jason from the movements of the ship, while providing lighting and a bird’s eye view of the ROV during seafloor operations. During each dive (deployment of the ROV), Jason pilots and scientists work from a control room on the ship to monitor Jason’s instruments and video while maneuvering the vehicle and optionally performing a variety of sampling activities. Jason is equipped with sonar imagers, water samplers, video and still cameras, and lighting gear. Jason’s manipulator arms collect samples of rock, sediment, or marine life and place them in the vehicle’s basket or on "elevator" platforms that float heavier loads to the surface. More information is available from the operator site at URL. instruments_0_instrument_name=ROV Jason instruments_0_instrument_nid=638 instruments_1_dataset_instrument_nid=783946 instruments_1_description=Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope". instruments_1_instrument_external_identifier=https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/ instruments_1_instrument_name=Microscope-Optical instruments_1_instrument_nid=708 instruments_1_supplied_name=dissecting microscope metadata_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/api/dataset/783880 Northernmost_Northing=12.9531 param_mapping={'783880': {'decimalLongitude': 'flag - longitude', 'decimalLatitude': 'flag - latitude', 'maximumDepthInMeters': 'flag - depth'}} parameter_source=https://www.bco-dmo.org/mapserver/dataset/783880/parameters people_0_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_0_affiliation_acronym=WHOI people_0_person_name=Stace Beaulieu people_0_person_nid=665150 people_0_role=Principal Investigator people_0_role_type=originator people_1_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_1_affiliation_acronym=WHOI people_1_person_name=Susan Mills people_1_person_nid=783891 people_1_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_1_role_type=originator people_2_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_2_affiliation_acronym=WHOI people_2_person_name=Mary Toner people_2_person_nid=783888 people_2_role=Co-Principal Investigator people_2_role_type=originator people_3_affiliation=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution people_3_affiliation_acronym=WHOI BCO-DMO people_3_person_name=Shannon Rauch people_3_person_nid=51498 people_3_role=BCO-DMO Data Manager people_3_role_type=related project=Mariana Back-arc Vents projects_0_acronym=Mariana Back-arc Vents projects_0_description=NSF Award Abstract: Summary: Since the discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents over thirty years ago, scientists have been perplexed by the question: How are these vent sites colonized and, more specifically, How are the faunal populations established and maintained at these very discrete and often ephemeral habitats. For animals that are sessile or have limited mobility as adults, dispersal to these habitats occurs early in the life cycle, as planktonic larvae in the water column. Due to the difficulties in sampling deep-sea larvae, including low abundances (dilute concentrations), we have very few quantitative estimates of larval dispersal between or larval supply to hydrothermal vents. We also have little to no knowledge of the behavior of vent larvae. The PIs will use large-volume plankton pumps to collect larvae near vents in the southern Mariana Trough in a collaborative effort to quantify larval abundance, behavior, and dispersal in this little-studied

This dataset provides the sampling locations and identifications for larvae collected near three deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields and used in a microbiome study by Carrier et al. (2021). This dataset provides metadata for larval and microbiome genetic sequence data in another repository (Carrier et al., 2021, doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sqv9s4n18). The data table is structured as a Darwin Core occurrence table so that it can be harvested by the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). In addition to the data table, photographs are provided for some of the specimens. A .zip file of images is attached containing the .JPG files referenced by column \"associatedMedia\".

Larvae were collected near three different hydrothermal vent fields with locality, Location, and waterBody (N. Pacific) specified in the data: East Pacific Rise, 9 50 N vent field, Tica vent site at N EPR; Mariana Back-Arc, Snail and Archaean vent fields in Mariana Trough; and Pescadero Basin, Auka vent field in Gulf of California.

Dataset: EPR vent colonists functional traits

Traits are increasingly being used to quantify global biodiversity patterns, with trait databases growing in size and number, across diverse taxa. Despite growing interest in a trait-based approach to the biodiversity of the deep sea, where the impacts of human activities (including seabed mining) accelerate, there is no single repository for species traits for deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, including hydrothermal vents. Using an international, collaborative approach, we have compiled the first global-scale trait database for deep-sea hydrothermal-vent fauna - sFDvent (sDiv-funded trait database for the Functional Diversity of vents). We formed a funded working group to select traits appropriate to: i) capture the performance of vent species and their influence on ecosystem processes, and ii) compare trait-based diversity in different ecosystems. Forty contributors, representing expertise across most known hydrothermal-vent systems and taxa, scored species traits using on...

The InterRidge Vents Database is a global database of submarine hydrothermal vent fields. The InterRidge Vents Database is supported by the InterRidge program for international cooperation in ridge-crest studies (www.interridge.org).

Purpose of the database The purpose of the InterRidge Global Database of Active Submarine Hydrothermal Vent Fields, hereafter referred to as the “InterRidge Vents Database,” is to provide a comprehensive list of active submarine hydrothermal vent fields for use in academic research and education. As stated by the InterRidge Working Group (WG) on Global Distribution of Hydrothermal Activity (InterRidge News 9.1, April 2000): “The idea of this data-base is that it should become the international standard for all known sites of submarine hydrothermal activity which can be updated simply by submitting an electronic message to the InterRidge Office."

Version 3.4 was completed on 25 March 2020 and and is published at PANGAEA® Data Publisher: Beaulieu, Stace E; Szafrański, Kamil M (2020) InterRidge Global Database of Active Submarine Hydrothermal Vent Fields Version 3.4. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.917894 (temporary link https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.917894)

Microbial symbionts are a common life-history character of marine invertebrates and their developmental stages. Communities of bacteria that associate with the eggs, embryos, and larvae of coastal marine invertebrates are species-specific and correlate with aspects of host biology and ecology. The richness of bacteria associated with the developmental stages of coastal marine invertebrates spans four orders of magnitude from single mutualists to 1,000s of unique taxa. If the developmental stages of coastal species are broadly representative of marine invertebrates then we may expect deep-sea species to associate with bacterial communities that are similar in diversity. To test this, we used amplicon sequencing to profile the bacterial communities of invertebrate larvae from multiple phyla (annelids, molluscs, crustaceans) collected from 2,500 to 3,670 meters depth in near-bottom waters near hydrothermal vents in three different regions of the Pacific Ocean (East Pacific Rise, Mariana Back-Arc, and Pescadero Basin). We find that larvae of deep-sea invertebrates associate with low-diversity bacterial communities (~30 bacterial taxa) with little specificity between larval types. Moreover, the diversity of these communities is an order of magnitude lower (~11.1x) than that of coastal invertebrate larvae. The low diversity, lack of specificity, and abundance of 'environmental' or transient microbes in these communities may imply that these deep-sea invertebrate larvae associate with few bacterial taxa and that deep-sea invertebrate larvae do not have the strong reliance on specialized contributions from their associated bacterial communities observed for many coastal larval species.

This dataset is the presence of taxa collected on colonization panels deployed at Snail hydrothermal vent field on the Mariana Back-arc in the West Pacific. The panels were deployed on cruise YK10-11 in 2010, and recovered on cruise RR1413 in 2014. Samples were preserved in an ammonium sulfate solution, then transferred to ethanol. Macrofauna, including foraminifera and ciliates, were identified to lowest taxonomic level. Genetic barcoding was conducted for a subset of taxa. The purpose of the colonization experiment was to better understand biodiversity at this vent field in the Volcanic Unit of the Marianas Trench National Monument. This dataset derives from counts of colonists reported by Toner et al. (2020, doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.783880.2). Additional funding to standardize these data to Darwin Core for sharing through the Ocean Biogeographic Information System was from NSF DEB-1558904.

NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1028862

This data set was acquired during Atlantis expedition AT11-20 conducted in 2004 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Marvin Lilley. Investigators: Dr. Diane Adams, Dr. Lauren Mullineaux, and Dr. Stace Beaulieu). The data files are in Microsoft Excel format and include Larval Flux time series data that was processed after data collection. Data was acquired as part of the projects: Biocomplexity: Smart Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Hydrothermal Vent Systems; Establishing a Role for Fe and S Microbial Metabolism in Ocean Crust Weathering; Time-Series Larval Studies in the Deep Sea; and The Interaction of Microbial Biofilms and Fluid Chemistry on Larval Settlement. Funding was provided by NSF grants: OCE01-19999, OCE02-41791, and DOEI. This data was cited by Beaulieu et al., 2009 and Adams and Mulline aux, 2008.

Understanding the threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem services posed by human impacts on coastal and marine environments requires the establishment and maintenance of ecological observatories that integrate the biological, physical, geological, and biogeochemical aspects of ecosystems. This is crucial to provide scientists and stakeholders with the support and knowledge necessary to quantify environmental change and its impact on the sustainable use of the seas and coasts. In this paper, we explore the potential for the coastal and marine components of the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) to fill this need for integrated global observation, and highlight how ecological observations are necessary to address the challenges posed by climate change and evolving human needs and stressors within the coastal zone. The ILTER is a global network encompassing 44 countries and 700 research sites in a variety of ecosystems across the planet, more than 100 of which are located in coastal and marine environments (ILTER-CMS). While most of the ILTER-CMS were established after the year 2000, in some cases they date back to the early 1900s. At ILTER sites, a broad variety of abiotic and biotic variables are measured, which may feed into other global initiatives. The ILTER community has produced tools to harmonize and compare measurements and methods, allowing for data integration workflows and analyses between and within individual ILTER sites. After a brief historical overview of ILTER, with emphasis on the marine component, we analyze the potential contribution of the ILTER-CMS to global coastal and ocean observation, adopting the “Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT)” approach. We also identify ways in which the in situ parameters collected at ILTER sites currently fit within the Essential Ocean Variables framework (as proposed by the Framework for Ocean Observation recommendations) and provide insights on the use of new technology in long-term studies. Final recommendations point at the need to further develop observational activities at LTER sites and improve coordination among them and with external related initiatives in order to maximize their exploitation and address present and future challenges in ocean observations.

Abstracts of keynote talks

The full text of this article can be freely accessed on the publisher's website.

Funding for this educational package was provided by NSF DEB #1558904 to M. Neubert, L. Mullineaux, and J. Kellner at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Content was inspired by animal programs at the Buttonwood Park Zoo in New Bedford, MA. We would like to acknowledge C. D’Aloia, C. Hawthorne, M. Henderson, H. Peddicord, A. Phillips, B. Russell, and E. Taylor for help in developing and disseminating the package.

Spherical display systems, including digital globes, are new technologies increasingly used in both informal and formal education to display global datasets. By creating a narrative using multiple datasets, inter‐disciplinary concepts and linkages between Earth systems ‐ lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere ‐ can be conveyed. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in collaboration with New Bedford Ocean Explorium, invites you to explore the deep sea with the Global Viewport to Deep‐Sea Vents: Dataset for Spherical Display Systems. Our content was developed for public audiences by a team of scientists, educators, and graphic artists. We created new content for digital globes that interweaves imagery obtained by deep‐diving vehicles with global datasets, including a new dataset locating the world's known hydrothermal vents and an animation showing where these vents were discovered every year since the first discovery in 1977. We provide site‐specific movies to show the diversity of geological settings and life at deep‐sea vents. Our two narratives, "Life Without Sunlight" and "Smoke and Fire Underwater,” are provided as compilation movies matched to interactive playlists for docent‐led presentations. Each narrative focuses on a set of Earth Science and Ocean Literacy Principles to educate and excite the public about dynamic geophysical and biological processes and exploration in the deep ocean. In Version 1, we provide datasets, movies, and educational materials prepared for NOAA’s Science on a Sphere® (SOS; http://sos.noaa.gov/), with our two compilation movies also formatted for Magic Planet (http://globalimagination.com).

In this document we consider special cases for archiving research data based on their data type, format, or acquisition method, and recommend practices that ensure optimal re-usability of the data. Most recommendations here are aimed at improving documentation of data acquisition and processing to avoid misinterpretation. This includes the recommendation to publish raw data and/or processing code along with the data products. Others are aimed at usability in terms of data size/volume or connecting related data. Some recommendations involve including a metadata document formatted according to a new and emerging standard (e.g., codeMeta) or a data inventory table. Data inventory tables can cross the line between metadata and data and are intended to improve discoverability and navigation of archived data.