This statistic shows the number of famine deaths per100,000 people worldwide from 1900 to 2010. In the 1920s, about 814 people per 100,000 of the global population died as a result of famine.

Real-time data on hunger-related deaths worldwide

Between 2016 and 2022, there were no deaths reported due to lack of food and water in India. However, in 2012, there were *** deaths due to this reason, making it the highest fatality number since 2010.

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of people suffering from undernourishment around the world, with a reduction trend only being reported in 2024. During this year, almost 673.2 million people were undernourished around the world. Undernourishment is defined as the status of persons whose food intake regularly provides less than their minimum energy requirements.

According to the Global Hunger Index 2024, which was adopted by the International Food Policy Research Institute, Somalia was the most affected by hunger and malnutrition, with an index of 44.1. Yemen and Chad followed behind. The World Hunger Index combines three indicators: undernourishment, child underweight, and child mortality. Sub-Saharan Africa most affected The index is dominated by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the region, more than one fifth of the population is undernourished . In terms of individuals, however, South Asia has the highest number of undernourished people. Globally, there are 735 million people that are considered undernourished or starving. A lack of food is increasing in over 20 countries worldwide. Undernourishment worldwide The term malnutrition includes both undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition occurs when an individual cannot maintain normal bodily functions such as growth, recovering from disease, and both learning and physical work. Some conditions such as diarrhea, malaria, and HIV/AIDS can all have a negative impact on undernutrition. Rural and agricultural communities can be especially susceptible to hunger during certain seasons. The annual hunger gap occurs when a family’s food supply may run out before the next season’s harvest is available and can result in malnutrition. Nevertheless, the prevalence of people worldwide that are undernourished has decreased over the last decades, from 18.7 percent in 1990-92 to 9.2 percent in 2022, but it has slightly increased since the outbreak of COVID-19. According to the Global Hunger Index, the reduction of global hunger has stagnated over the past decade.

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger globally, regionally, and by country. Each year, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) calculates GHI scores in order to assess progress, or the lack thereof, in decreasing hunger. The GHI is designed to raise awareness and understanding of regional and country differences in the struggle against hunger. This year, GHI scores have been calculated using a revised and improved formula. The revision replaces child underweight, previously the sole indicator of child undernutrition, with two indicators of child undernutrition—child wasting and child stunting—which are equally weighted in the GHI calculation. The revised formula also standardizes each of the component indicators to balance their contribution to the overall index and to changes in the GHI scores over time. The 2015 GHI has been calculated for 117 countries for which data on the four component indicators are available and where measuring hunger is considered most relevant. GHI scores are not calculated for some higher income countries where the prevalence of hunger is very low. The GHI is only as current as the data for its four component indicators. This year's GHI reflects the most recent available country-level data and projections available between 2010 and 2016. It therefore reflects the hunger levels during this period rather than solely capturing conditions in 2015. The 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015 GHI scores reflect the latest revised data for the four component indicators of the GHI. Where original source data were not available, the estimates of the GHI component indicators were based on the most recent data available. The four component indicators used to calculate the GHI scores draw upon data from the following sources: 1. Undernourishment: Updated data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) were used for the 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015 GHI scores. Undernourishment data and projections for the 2015 GHI are for 2014-2016. 2. Child wasting and stunting: The child undernutrition indicators of the GHI—child wasting and child stunting—include data from the joint database of United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank, and additional data from WHO's continuously updated Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition; the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) reports; statistical tables from UNICEF; and the latest national survey data for India from UNICEF India. For the 2015 GHI, data on child wasting and child stunting are for the latest year for which data are available in the period 2010-2014. 3. Child mortality: Updated data from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation were used for the 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005, and 2015 GHI scores. For the 2015 GHI, data on child mortality are for 2013. Resources related to 2015 Global Hunger Index 2015 Global Hunger Index Web App Snapshots of Hunger in the Developing World 2015 Global Hunger Index Linked Open Data (LOD) 2015 Global Hunger Index Report

Global Cause of the Deaths other than diseases

This data was part of the project Global Disease Burden 2017. Data contain the number of deaths within a country and each year along with cause of deaths such conflict and terrorism, famine, pandemic, natural disaster, and Other injuries. These are global causes of deaths other than diseases.

Description of the Data

The data contains 10 columns and 36 K rows, and the description of the data is as follow.. Country: Contains the Names of the Country ISO_CODE: Is the ISO-3 country identification code Year: Year of the number of Deaths Deaths: Total death of the individuals (including both male and female) Cause: Cause of the death such as Conflict and Terrorism Male POP: Male Population with given Country Female POP: Female Population within given country Total Pop: Total Population with each country GDP: GDP (current US$) PCAP: GDP per capita (current US$)

Inspiration

This Data would be helpful to investigate which global cause of death is impacting which country. It would also help to evaluate the rate of change in the causes of death.

Data Visualization

https://public.tableau.com/views/CausedofDeaths1980-2017-GlobalDiseaseBurden/CausesofDeaths?:language=en&:display_count=y&:origin=viz_share_link

Millions of people are at risk of starvation worldwide, many of these in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Across all five severity stages, Nigeria had the highest number of people at risk of starvation in 2025, with over 200 million. Almost 175 million of these fell within the two least severe stages.

this graph was created in R:

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Having enough to eat is one of the fundamental basic human needs. Hunger – or, more formally, undernourishment – is defined as eating less than the energy required to maintain an active and healthy life.

The share of undernourished people is the leading indicator for food security and nutrition used by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

The fight against hunger focuses on a sufficient energy intake – enough calories per person per day. But it is not the only factor that matters for a healthy diet. Sufficient protein, fats, and micronutrients are also essential, and we cover this in our topic page on micronutrient deficiencies.

Undernourishment in mothers and children is a leading risk factor for death and other poor health outcomes.

The UN has set a global target as part of the Sustainable Development Goals to “end hunger by 2030“. While the world has progressed in past decades, we are far from reaching this target.

On this page, you can find our data, visualizations, and writing on hunger and undernourishment. It looks at how many people are undernourished, where they are, and other metrics used to track food security.

Hunger – also known as undernourishment – is defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life.

The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades — we will see this in the following key insight. But we are still far away from an end to hunger. Tragically, nearly one-in-ten people still do not get enough food to eat.

The share of the undernourished population is shown globally and by region in the chart.

You can see that rates of hunger are highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. South Asia has much higher rates than the Americas and East Asia. Rates in North America and Europe are below 2.5%. However, the FAO shows this as “2.5%” rather than the specific point estimate.

Background: Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which provides a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full lifecycle health.Methods: Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011, and 2014, this study took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65–99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with gender and income level as the control variables, the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly were measured. The x2test was used to explore the differences in the socioeconomic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. Statistical differences between average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were analyzed by rank tests.Results: (1) The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in age, gender, residency, education level, and income level between the groups with or without starvation (P < 0.05). (2) Transition probabilities in health–disability, health–death, and disability–death all showed an upward trend with age (P < 0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience (P < 0.05). However, the probability of disability–health recovery showed a downward trend with age (P < 0.05), in which the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation (P < 0.05). (3) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly with childhood starvation are lower than those without childhood starvation. It shows that the negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policymaking.

In 2023, the rate of undernourishment worldwide was 9.1 percent. The region with the largest share of undernourished people was Sub-Saharan Africa, with 23.2 percent. Undernourished people worldwideSouthern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have some of the highest numbers of undernourished people in the world, totaling 281 million and 278 million, respectively, in 2023. Based on the World Hunger Index 2024, Somalia and Yemen were among the most affected countries by hunger and malnutrition. Worldwide, about 733.4 million people were suffering from malnutrition in 2023. MalnutritionMalnutrition occurs when a person’s diet consists of too little or too much of certain nutrients. Undernutrition occurs when a person does not intake enough calories, protein, or micronutrients. One of the primary causes of malnutrition is due to limited or a lack of accessibility to affordable, nutritious foods. Malnutrition is considered to contribute to over a third of child deaths globally. In Asia, an estimated 77 million cases of stunting, which is the primary effect of malnutrition, were recorded for children under the age of five in 2022. The FAO reports that food security and nutrition commitments by national governments are essential in eradicating the world hunger problem. Agricultural productivity, accessibility to land, services, and markets, rural development strategies, and social protection are needed to ensure a reduction in malnutrition.

Code used for the simulations employed in the manuscript "Gradual entry into carbon starvation decreases the death rate of Escherichia coli"

This folder contains the code that simulates the allocation strategy during the shift to starvation, as described in the manuscript. The model is based upon the FCR model, published by Erikson, Schink et al in 2017. In this program you can simulate the dynamics of the shift experiment by fitting the time course of the growth rate with a sigmoid (as in the manuscript) and inserting the values of the parameters of the fit in the program. You can simulate the three different dynamics that we propose: the global regulation one, the targeted towards the survival sector and the targeted towards the harmful. Abstract: Bacterial fitness is determined both by how fast cells grow in nutrient-rich environments and by how well they survive when nutrients are depleted. However, these behaviors are not independent, since the molecular composition of non-growing cells is affected by their prior growth history. For instance, recent work observed that the death rates of Escherichia coli cultures that rapidly entered carbon starvation depend on their prior growth rates, with faster growth leading to exponentially faster death. On the other hand, it is well known that cells adapt their molecular composition as they slow down growth and enter stationary phase, which is generally believed to improve their chance of survival. Hence, the question arises to what extent this adaptation process reduces the subsequent death rate. And how does the duration of the time window during which cells are allowed to adapt determine the reduction in death rate, and thus the fitness benefit of adaptation? Here, we study these quantitative questions by probing the adaptation of E. coli during gradual transitions from exponential growth to carbon starvation. We monitor such transitions in cultures with different initial growth conditions and measure the resulting rates of cell death after the transition. Our experiments demonstrate that cells with the opportunity to adapt their proteome composition before entering a state of starvation exhibit lower death rates compared to those that cannot, across various substrate conditions. The quantitative data is consistent with a theoretical model built on the assumption that before starvation, cells up-regulate a specific sector of the proteome, the effect of which is to decrease the death rate in energy-limiting conditions. This work highlights the influence of the non-genetic memory of a cell, specifically in the form of inherited proteome composition, on bacterial fitness. Our results emphasize that a comprehensive understanding of bacterial fitness requires quantitative characterization of bacterial physiology in all phases of their life cycle, including growth, stationary phase, and death, as well as the transitions between them. Differences with v1: - fixed the values of the parameters gamma_0, tau

European beech is one of the most important deciduous tree species in natural forest ecosystems in Central Europe. Its dominance is now being questioned by the emerging drought damages due to the increased incidence of severe summer droughts. In Switzerland, Fagus sylvatica have been observed in the Intercantonal Forest Observation Program since 1984. The dataset presented here includes 179176 annual observations of beech trees on 102 plots during 37 years. The plots cover gradients in drought, nitrogen deposition, ozone, age, altitude, and soil chemistry. In dry regions of Switzerland, the dry and hot summer of 2018 caused a serious branch dieback, increased mortality in Fagus sylvatica and increased yellowing of leaves. Beech trees recovered less after 2018 than after the dry summer 2003 which had been similar in drought intensity except that the drought in 2018 started earlier in spring. Our data analyses suggest the importance of drought in subsequent years for crown transparency and mortality in beech. The drought in 2018 followed previous dry years of 2015 and 2017 which pre-weakened the trees. Our long-term data indicate that the drought from up to three previous years were significant predictors for both tree mortality and for the proportion of trees with serious (>60%) crown transparency. The delay in mortality after the weakening event suggests also the importance of weakness parasites. The staining of active vessels with safranine revealed that the cavitation caused by the low tree water potentials in 2018 persisted at least partially in 2019. Thus, the ability of the branches to conduct water was reduced and the branches dried out. Furthermore, photooxidation in light-exposed leaves has increased strongly since 2011. This phenomenon was related to low concentrations of foliar phosphorus (P) and hot temperatures before leaf harvest. The observed drought effects can be categorized as (i) hydraulic failure (branch dieback), (ii) energy starvation as a consequence of closed stomata and P deficiency (photooxidation) and (iii) infestation with weakness parasites (beech bark disease and root rots).

Famines are still a major global problem. From 2020 to 2023 alone, they caused over a million deaths.

Yet the long-term trend shows significant progress. In the late 1800s and the first half of the 1900s, it was common for famines to kill over 10 million people per decade. This was true as recently as the 1960s, when China’s Great Leap Forward became the deadliest famine in history.

But as you can see in the chart, that number has dropped sharply, to about one to two million per decade.

This improvement is even more striking given that the world’s population has grown substantially. Despite many more people living on Earth, far fewer die from famines than before.

The density-dependent prophylaxis hypothesis predicts that risk of pathogen transmission increases with increase in population density, and in response to this, organisms mount a prophylactic immune response when exposed to high density. This prophylactic response is expected to help organisms improve their chances of survival when exposed to pathogens. Alternatively, organisms living at high densities can exhibit compromised defense against pathogens due to lack of resources and density associated physiological stress; the crowding stress hypothesis. We housed adult Drosophila melanogaster flies at different densities and measured the effect this has on their post-infection survival and resistance to starvation. We find that flies housed at higher densities show greater mortality after being infected with bacterial pathogens, while also exhibiting increased resistance to starvation. Our results are more in line with the density-stress hypothesis that postulates a compromised immune system when hosts are subjected to high densities. Methods This file ("Adult_density_experiment.xlsx") was generated in 2019-20 by Paresh Nath Das and others at the Evolutionary Biology Lab, IISER Mohali. GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Title of Dataset: "Increasing adult density compromises anti-bacterial defense in Drosophila melanogaster" 2. Author Information A. Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Prof. N. G. Prasad Institution: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali Address: IISER Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Punjab - 140306, India. Email: prasad@iisermohali.ac.in B. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Paresh Nath Das Institution: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali Address: IISER Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Punjab - 140306, India. Email: pareshnathd@gmail.com C. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Aabeer Kumar Basu Institution: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali Address: IISER Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Punjab - 140306, India. Email: aabeerkbasu@gmail.com 3. Duration of data collection: September 2019 - March 2020 4. Geographic location of data collection: Mohali, Punjab, India 5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: IISER Mohali, MHRD, Govt. of India. SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION Links to publications that cite or use the data: bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.02.474745 Journal of Insect Physiology (in press version): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104415 METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION A. Details of fly populations Blue Ridge Baseline (BRB) population: BRB2 is a lab-adapted, large, outbred, wild-type population of Drosophila melanogaster, maintained on a 14-day discrete generation cycle, on standard banana-jaggery-yeast medium. The BRB population was originally derived by hybridising 19 iso-female lines caught from the wild population at Blue Ridge Mountains, USA. The experiments reported were conducted after 200 generations of lab-adaptation. B. Effect of density, 8 adults vs. 32 adults, on immune function and starvation resistance.

Experimental treatments: 2-3 day old adult flies were randomly distributed into two density treatments.

a. 8 adults per vial (1:1 sex ratio) b. 32 adults per vial (1:1 sex ratio) Vilas of both treatments had equal amout of standard fly food (1.5-2 ml). Flies were housed like this for 48 hours, and thereafter assayed for immune function and starvation resistance.

Immune function assay: Flies of both treatments (described above) were assayed separately for resistance against two entomopathogenic bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Erwinia c. carotovora, with two independent replicates per pathogen.

Within each replicate experiment, 80 males and 80 females from each treatment (described above) were subjected to infection, and 40 males and 40 females were subjected to sham-infections. Post-infection mortality was recorded for 120 hours; during this period, flies of both treatments were housed at equal density (4 males and 4 females per vial).

Starvation resistance assay: Flies of both treatments (described above) were assayed for starvation resistance; experiment independently replicated twice.

Within each replicate experiment, 80 males and 80 females from each treatment (described above) were subjected to starvation in vials with non-nutritive agar gel only. Post-starvation mortality was recorded till the last fly died; during this period, flies of both treatments were housed at equal density (4 males and 4 females per vial). C. Effect of density, 50 adults vs. 200 adults, on immune function and starvation resistance.

Experimental treatments: 2-3 day old adult flies were randomly distributed into two density treatments.

a. 50 adults per vial (1:1 sex ratio) b. 200 adults per vial (1:1 sex ratio) Vilas of both treatments had equal amout of standard fly food (1.5-2 ml). Flies were housed like this for 48 hours, and thereafter assayed for immune function and starvation resistance.

Immune function assay: Flies of both treatments (described above) were assayed separately for resistance against two entomopathogenic bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Erwinia c. carotovora, with two independent replicates per pathogen.

Within each replicate experiment, 80 males and 80 females from each treatment (described above) were subjected to infection, and 40 males and 40 females were subjected to sham-infections. Post-infection mortality was recorded for 120 hours; during this period, flies of both treatments were housed at equal density (4 males and 4 females per vial).

Starvation resistance assay: Flies of both treatments (described above) were assayed for starvation resistance; experiment independently replicated twice.

Within each replicate experiment, 80 males and 80 females from each treatment (described above) were subjected to starvation in vials with non-nutritive agar gel only. Post-starvation mortality was recorded till the last fly died; during this period, flies of both treatments were housed at equal density (4 males and 4 females per vial).

According to the Global Hunger Index, India had an index value of *****in 2025. The composition of the index was a combination of different indicators such as undernourishment, child underweight, and child mortality. India's score indicates a serious level of hunger crisis, placing the country at a position of ***** out of 123 countries that year. However, the country had improved the situation from ** index points falling in the category of alarming level in 2000.

Inorganic phosphate is an essential nutrient acquired by cells from their environment. Here we characterize the adaptative responses of fission yeast to chronic phosphate starvation, during which cells enter a state of quiescence, initially fully reversible upon replenishing phosphate after 2 days but resulting in gradual loss of viability during 4 weeks of starvation. Time-resolved analyses of changes in mRNA levels revealed a coherent transcriptional program in which phosphate dynamics and autophagy were upregulated, while the machineries for rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly, and for tRNA synthesis and maturation, were downregulated in tandem with global repression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Consistent with the transcriptome changes, proteome analysis highlighted global depletion of 102 ribosomal proteins. Concomitant with this ribosomal protein deficit, 28S and 18S rRNAs became vulnerable to site-specific cleavages that generated temporally stable rRNA fragments. The finding that Maf1, a repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription, was upregulated during phosphate starvation prompted a hypothesis that its activity might prolong lifespan of the quiescent cells by limiting production of tRNAs. Indeed, we found that deletion of maf1 results in precocious death of phosphate-starved cells via a distinctive starvation-induced pathway associated with tRNA overproduction and dysfunctional tRNA biogenesis.

Using a well-established model species for demographic, behavioural and aging research, the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), we explored whether nutritional stress early in adult life affects the sexual performance and survival in older ages. To do so we established two different protein starvation (PS) protocols that included the elimination of proteinaceous diet either before or after sexual maturity of male medflies. The frequency of sexual signalling and the age of death were daily recorded. Sexual signalling is directly related with male mating success in this model system. PS early in adult life results in high mortality rates (similar to sugar-only fed males), which are gradually restored in more advanced ages. Provision of a proteinaceous diet following early-life PS increases straightaway male sexual signalling to levels similar with those having continuous access to proteinaceous diet. Switching diet regimes from a protein-free to a protein-rich one progressively compensates mortality rates. Apparently, males prioritize sexual signalling over lifespan. PS after attaining sexual maturity significantly reduces both longevity and sexual performance. Access to protein only early in life is insufficient to support lifetime energy-consuming behaviours such as sexual signalling. Continuous access to a proteinaceous diet determines both lifetime sexual performance and longevity. Early in life PS males prioritize the allocation of nutritional elements, when available, in sexual activities over soma-maintenance.

During the first 10 days of- March, 1950;, after a period of cold weather had sheathed: the tidal flats in ice, there was a moderate loss of wintering Black Ducks in the Parker River region of Essex county, Massachusetts, and a slight loss at one point in Plymouth county. This report describes the conditions and events before and during the tins of mortality, and gives the results of a pathological examination of some 75 birds which were picked up dead or caught by hand when they had lost the power of sustained flight. The death of Black Ducks from winter starvation on the New England coast north of Cape Cod can no longer be considered either debatable or of minor importance. The losses have been under study by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation for 12 years now, and Palmer (Maine Birds: pages 77-80) has recently published data which leave no doubt, that they take place on the coast of Maine. The Massachusetts investigation has uncovered evidence of periodic losses as far back as the winter of 1911-12, and ha- built up a fairly complete record of the antecedent conditions and the pattern of mortality. It has included also a search for effective ways of reducing the losses. Methods of feeding whole corn in emergencies were worked out experimentally in the years prior to 1942, and in the winter of 1947-48 were put to an impromptu but decidedly practical test. In late January of that season, 6700 Blacks in the Parker River region were brought to the verge of starvation by the icing of their feeding grounds. On the Essex River, a feeding, program was hastily organized and the estimated loss among the 3000 tending ducks was held below 5%. At the mouth of the Ipswich River feeding operations were not so prompt and the confirmed loss in a group of 3700 Blacks exceeded 50%. The difference in rates of mortality was a rough measure of what can be done with proper feeding, for every other significant variable was eliminated by the fact that the two areas are only four miles apart, and essentially similar The 1950 mortality in Essex county develop d at the same places as in 1908, and so far as it went, followed a similar course. It was thus another chapter in a continued story, and much of its significance depends upon this relationship to its, background. An account of the previous studies has been available only in departmental reports of limited circulation. To fill in background for readers of the present report, pertinent findings from other yearn have been summarized wherever they seemed to be needed, usually at the beginning of a section. These summaries are condensed, lest they interrupt continuity, but it is believed they cover every point which, is required for an understanding of the lose losses.

Drought-induced tree death has become a serious problem in global forest ecosystems. Two nonexclusive hypotheses, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, have been proposed to explain tree die-offs. To clarify the mechanisms, we investigated the physiological processes of drought-induced tree death in saplings with contrasting Huber values (sapwood area/total leaf area). First, hydraulic failure and reduced respiration were found in the initial process of tree decline, and in the last stage carbon starvation leaded to tree death. The carbohydrate reserves at the stem bases, low in healthy trees, were accumulated at the beginning of the declining process because of phloem transport failure, and then decreased just before dying. The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates at the stem bases are a good indicator of tree damage. The physiological processes and carbon sink-source dynamics that occur during lethal drought provide important insight into the adaptive measures underlying forest die-offs under global warming conditions.