This map service from MassGIS displays the 26 Massachusetts Gateway Cities, municipalities with:population greater than 35,000 and less than 250,000;median household income below the state average;and rate of educational attainment of a bachelor’s degree or above that is below the state average.Read more about Gateway CitiesFeature service also available.

The United States has an average elevation of roughly 2,500 feet (763m) above sea level, however there is a stark contrast in elevations across the country. Highest states Colorado is the highest state in the United States, with an average elevation of 6,800 feet (2,074m) above sea level. The 10 states with the highest average elevation are all in the western region of the country, as this is, by far, the most mountainous region in the country. The largest mountain ranges in the contiguous western states are the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Range, while the Appalachian Mountains is the longest range in the east - however, the highest point in the U.S. is Denali (Mount McKinley), found in Alaska. Lowest states At just 60 feet above sea level, Delaware is the state with the lowest elevation. Delaware is the second smallest state, behind Rhode Island, and is located on the east coast. Larger states with relatively low elevations are found in the southern region of the country - both Florida and Louisiana have an average elevation of just 100 feet (31m) above sea level, and large sections of these states are extremely vulnerable to flooding and rising sea levels, as well as intermittent tropical storms.

Humanity's role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the 'anthropocene', as humans are 'overwhelming the great forces of nature'. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed 'manufactured capital', 'technomass', 'human-made mass', 'in-use stocks' or 'socioeconomic material stocks', they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with 'real' (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called 'built structures') represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks.

This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors.

Spatial extent
This subdataset covers the North East CONUS, i.e.

• CT
• DC
• DE
• MA
• MD
• ME
• NH
• NJ
• NY
• PA
• RI
• VA

For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers.

Temporal extent
The map is representative for ca. 2018.

Data format
The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided.

Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types).

Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e.

• t at 10m x 10m
• kt at 100m x 100m
• Mt at 1km x 1km
• Gt at 10km x 10km

For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.

Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv.

Material layers
Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers):

A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.

Further information
For further information, please see the publication.
A web-visualization of this dataset is available here.
Visit our website to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society.

Publication
D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gómez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, and H. Haberl (2023): Unveiling patterns in human dominated landscapes through mapping the mass of US built structures. Nature Communications 14, 8014. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43755-5

Funding
This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404.

Acknowledgments
We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on EODC - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

This indicator shows how reported Lyme disease incidence has changed by state since 1991, based on the number of new cases per 100,000 people. The total change has been estimated from the average annual rate of change in each state. This map is limited to the 15 states where Lyme disease is most common, where annual rates are consistently above 10 cases per 100,000. Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island had too much year-to-year variation in reporting practices to allow trend calculation. For more information: https://www.epa.gov/climate-change

The Corps Water Management System (CWMS) includes four interrelated models to assist with water management for the basin: - GeoHMS (Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension) - ResSIM (Reservoir System Simulation) - RAS (River Analysis System) - FIA (Flood Impact Analysis)

The Connecticut River basin is the largest watershed in New England, extending from the northernmost part of New Hampshire to Long Island Sound. The watershed, which drains in a southerly direction, includes a small area of the Province of Quebec, and parts of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Long and narrow in shape, it has a maximum length of about 280 miles and a maximum width of approximately 60 miles. The basin is bounded principally by the Androscoggin, Merrimack, and Thames River basins on the east and by the St. Lawrence, Hudson, and Housatonic River basins on the west. Elevations range from sea level to over 5000 ft in the northern headwaters. Areas of well developed flood plains occur from Indian Stream in Pittsburgh, NH to Long Island Sound, the most extensive being in Massachusetts and Connecticut. The basin has a total drainage area of 11,250 square miles of which 114 mi2 are in Quebec, 3046 mi2 in New Hampshire, 3928 mi2 in Vermont, 2726 mi2 in Massachusetts, and 1436 mi2 in Connecticut. The Connecticut River follows a general southerly course along the approximate centerline of its watershed for about 404 miles to its mouth on Long Island Sound at Saybrook, Connecticut. In the first 29 miles below its source, the river flows entirely within the State of New Hampshire, then for a distance of about 238 miles, between New Hampshire and Vermont, the western edge of the river forming the boundary; and finally across Massachusetts for 67 miles and Connecticut for 70 miles. The lower 60-mile reach of the river is tidal, with a mean tidal range during low river stages of 3.4 feet at the mouth, and about 1.2 feet at Hartford, 52 miles above the mouth. The fall in the river is about 2200 feet with the steepest portion averaging 30 feet per mile, occurring in the first 30 miles below the outlet of Third Connecticut Lake. From Wilder Dam, VT to the head of tidewater, 8 miles above Hartford, CT, the fall average about 2 ft per mile. Wide and extensive flood plains are located at various reaches along the main stem. During major floods, these meadowlands become inundated to depths of 10 to 20 feet and act as large detention reservoirs which significantly reduce peak discharge at downstream locations. The most noteworthy are located in the following areas: the reach between West Stewartstown and Lancaster, NH; the 15-mile stretch between Woodsville, NH and Bradford, VT; in central Massachusetts between Montague City and Holyoke; and the extensive flood plains of Connecticut between Windsor Locks and Middletown. There are important hydropower dams on the Connecticut River throughout its length. In the northern areas upstream of White River Junction are the Moore, Comerford, and Wilder projects; the Bellows Falls, Vernon, and Tuners Falls dams are located along the central reaches; and the Holyoke dam is in the southern portion of the basin. The Connecticut River, in its southerly course to the ocean, is fed by numerous rivers and streams entering from the east and west. Rivers and streams on the western side of the basin are generally steeper and because the watersheds are steeper, flood runoff occurs more rapidly and peak contributions to Connecticut River flood flows have higher cfs/mi2 values than the eastern tributaries. The 15 largest tributaries, with watersheds larger than 200 mi2 and an aggregate area equal to 6517 mi2, or about 58 percent of the total basin area, include the Upper Amoonosuc River, Passumpsic River, Amoonosuc River, White River, Mascoma River, Ottauquechee River, Sugar River, Black River, West River, Ashuelot River, Millers River, Deerfield River, Chicopee River, Westfield River, and Farmington River.

This data set includes sun-illuminated of the sea floor offshore of eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The data were collected with a multibeam sea floor mapping system during USGS survey 98015, conducted November 9 - 25, 1998. The surveys were conducted using a Simrad EM 1000 multibeam echo sounder mounted aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed. This multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth (swath width of 100 to 200 m within the survey area). The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10% of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 percent of the water depth. The sun-illuminated topographic (shaded relief) image has a 4-m pixel size and was created by vertically exaggerating the topography two times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 0 degrees. In the resulting image, topographic features are enhanced by strong illumination on the northwestward-facing slopes and by shadows cast on southeastern slopes. The image also accentuates small features (relief of a few meters) that could not be effectively shown as contours alone at this scale. Unnatural-looking features or patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. The data have a weak striping that runs parallel to the ship's track. Some of the striping is the result of poor data return at nadir that appears as evenly-spaced thin speckled lines. Some striping is also due to critical angle effects, where the intensity of return varies as a function of the angle of incidence of the incoming sound on the seafloor (Hughes-Clark and others, 1997).

The National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) was coordinated by the USGS as an interagency project to acquire cloud-free aerial photographs at an altitude of 20,000 feet above mean terrain elevation. The photographs were taken with a 6-inch focal length lens at a scale of 1:40,000. Coverage over the conterminous United States includes both black-and-white (BW) and color infrared (CIR) aerial photographs. Film type and extent of coverage were determined by available funds and operational requirements. The NAPP program, which was operational from 1987 to 2007, consists of more than 1.3 million images. Photographs were acquired on 9-inch film and were centered over quarters of USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles.To view historical imagery availability by county please visit the Historical Availability of Imagery map.To view more NAPP imagery visit the NAPP Historical Imagery Portfolio app.For ordering information please contact the GEO Customer Service Section at geo.sales@usda.gov.

The protected and recreational open space datalayer contains conservation lands and outdoor recreational facilities in Massachusetts. The associated database contains relevant information about each parcel, including ownership, level of protection, public accessibility, assessor’s map and lot numbers, and related legal interests held on the land, including conservation restrictions. Conservation and outdoor recreational facilities owned by federal, state, county, municipal, and nonprofit enterprises are included in this datalayer. Not all lands in this layer are protected in perpetuity, though nearly all have at least some level of protection.

Although the initial data collection effort for this data layer has been completed, open space changes continually and this data layer is therefore considered to be under development. Additionally, due to the collaborative nature of this data collection effort, the accuracy and completeness of open space data varies across the state’s municipalities. Attributes, while comprehensive in scope, may be incomplete for many parcels.

The OpenSpace dataset includes two feature classes:

·
this layer: Protected and Recreational OpenSpace Polygons - polygons of recreational and conservation lands as described above

·
a sister layer: Protected and Recreational OpenSpace Boundaries (arcs) - attributed lines that represent boundaries of the polygons

The following types of land are included in the polygon datalayer:

·
conservation land- habitat protection with minimal recreation, such as walking trails

·
recreation land- outdoor facilities such as town parks, commons, playing fields, school fields, golf courses, bike paths, scout camps, and fish and game clubs. These may be privately or publicly owned facilities.

·
town forests

·
parkways - green buffers along roads, if they are a recognized conservation resource

·
agricultural land- land protected under an Agricultural Preservation Restriction (APR) and administered by the state Department of Agricultural Resources (DAR, formerly the Dept. of Food and Agriculture (DFA))

·
aquifer protection land - not zoning overlay districts

·
watershed protection land - not zoning overlay districts

·
cemeteries - if a recognized conservation or recreation resource

·
forest land -- if designated as a Forest Legacy AreaMore information, including details for attribute codes, is available at the MassGIS metadata page for OpenSpace.

The Harvard Forest is a collection of five properties, totaling about 1500 hectares, in Petersham, Massachusetts. Petersham is a rural town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, about 60 miles west of Boston. It is largely in the Swift River Watershed, and lies near the center of a twenty-mile wide band of hilly uplands that form the eastern edge of the Connecticut Valley. The north part of the town is rolling and the south more distinctly hilly; the lowest basins are about 200 m above sea level, the flats around 400m. Th e climate is cool temperate. Petersham, like many of the adjacent towns, was settled in the early 18th century, extensively cleared and farmed in the next hundred years, and then progressively abandoned after about 1830. Reforestation proceeded quickly, and by the time of the first Harvard Forest maps in 1909 HF was almost entirely wooded. Th e common forest types are dominated, variously, by red oak, red maple, white pine, or hemlock. Most are of low or average fertility and under 100 years old. Hemlock is now locally dominant in many stands that have been continuously forested; oaks, red maples and pines are the common dominants in stands that developed in old fields.

The Corps Water Management System (CWMS) includes four interrelated models to assist with water management for the basin:

• GeoHMS (Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension)
• ResSIM (Reservoir System Simulation)
• RAS (River Analysis System)
• FIA (Flood Impact Analysis)

The Blackstone River Basin is located within the states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Of the 547 square miles that make up the basin, 147 square miles, or 27% of the basin, is in Rhode Island. About 400 square miles or 73% of the basin is located in Massachusetts. The basin is heavily urbanized characterized by a hilly terrain comprised of lakes and ponds. Elevations within the Blackstone River Basin range from 1200 feet in the northwest to about 3 feet above mean sea level at the mouth of the Seekonk River.

The coastal location of the Blackstone River basin exposes it to the effects of cyclonic disturbances and coastal storms in the region, resulting in periods of heavy precipitation. On an average, this basin receives approximately 48 inches of rainfall annually. The average annual snowfall in Worcester, MA is about 64 inches, which is representative of the headwaters of the Blackstone River Basin.The average annual snowfall in Providence, RI near the mouth of the Seekonk River is 346 inches.

Blackstone River extends from its headwaters in Worcester MA to its confluence with Abbott Run in Central Falls RI creating the Seekonk River. The Seekonk River discharges into the Providence River eventually draining into the Narragansett Bay. Some of the major tributaries to the Blackstone River include Quinsigamond River, Mumford River, West River, Branch River, Mill River and Peters River The key inflow gages in the Blackstone River basin include Kettle Brook at Rockland Street near Auburn MA, Quinsigamond River at North Grafton MA, Mumford River at Uxbridge MA, West River below West Hill Dam near Uxbridge MA, Branch River at Forestdale RI, Mill River at Harris PD Outlet at Woonsocket RI, Peters River RT 114 Bridge at Woonsocket RI and Abbott Run at Valley Falls RI.

There are two USACE dams located within the Blackstone River Basin. They include the West Hill Dam on the West River and Woonsocket Falls on the Blackstone River. West Hill Dam is a dry reservoir that is typically run of river. Channel capacity of Mill Creek in this area is 425 cfs. Woonsocket Falls Dam was modified with tainter gates to control reservoir stages. A hydropower facility pulls water from the reservoir and discharges the same flow back into the Blackstone River channel downstream of the Woonsocket Falls gates.

The Blackstone River basin land use is largerly characterized by forest land (52% of the basin area) and residential development (22% of the basin area) with significant industrial development along the Blackstone River in Worcester MA, Woonsocket RI, Pawtucket RI and Central Falls RI. Much of the water-powered industrial development along the rivers in the Blackstone River basin stemmed from the first successful textile mill in America, the Slater Mill in Pawtucket RI constructed in 1793.Less than 2% of the basin’s land use is considered cropland or agricultural.

The following describes standards for assigning Important Farmland Classes to soil survey map units of Massachusetts soil survey areas.

Criteria for the designation “Prime Farmland” per Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

The prime farmland class is assigned to soil map units, the major component/s relative value data[1] for which, meet prime farmland criteria per 7CFR657.5 as edited to exclude soil properties and climate not relevant to Massachusetts, and to quantify adequate available water holding capacity as follows:

available water capacity of 3.5 in (8.9 cm) or more[2] within a depth of 40 in (1 m) or the depth to an impermeable layer if less than 40 in (1 m) and,pH between 4.5 and 8.4 in all horizons within a depth of 40 in (1 m) and,water table, if present, not shallower than 15 in (38 cm) during May through October and,infrequent (less often than once in 2 years) or no flooding during May through October and,the product of Kw (erodibility factor, whole soil) of the mineral soil surface and percent slope is less than 2.0[3]; and,permeability rate of at least 0.06 in (0.15 cm) per hour in the upper 20 in (50 cm); and,upper 6 in (15 cm) of the soil surface contains less than 10 percent rock fragments by volume coarser than 3 in (7.6 cm) diameter; and,not more than 0.1 percent of the soil surface is covered by stones 10 in (25cm) to 24 in (60cm) diameter, and/or boulders >24 in (60 cm) diameter, and.less than 2 percent bedrock exposure.

Qualifiers for data application to Massachusetts soil survey map unit prime farmland criteria per CFR:

Entire pH data range is applied to the pH criterion. All soil survey map unit components that otherwise meet prime farmland criteria have mineral horizon pH ranges w/in the CFR criterion. Tillage and accepted agricultural practices negate the pH limitation where attribute relative value is less than 4.5. Map units having a predominance of soils of coarse-loamy or coarse-silty particle size class overlying densic contact on 0 to 8% slopes with available water capacity data values <3.5 in (8.1 cm), and that meet remaining criteria per CFR are designated prime farmland. Although attribute data indicates the available water holding capacity minimum of 3.5 in (8.1 cm) is not met, these soils maintain a reservoir of moisture that supports plant growth due to reduced gravitational water loss and meets criteria per CFR of adequate moisture supply for the crops commonly grown. This qualifier is applicable to soil map components with moderately coarse to medium textured mantles overlying lodgment till.Where the product of K and slope percent is 2 or less for the lower part of a 3 to 8 percent map unit slope phase range but exceeds 2 for the upper part of the slope range, and remaining criteria per CFR are met, the map unit is designated prime farmland. Map units that meet all prime farmland criteria per CFR except the relative value data representing the predominant components reflects available water capacity of less than 3.5 in (8.9 cm) through the upper 40 in (1 m) but has sufficient available water capacity in the upper profile, are designated prime farmland. This qualifier is applicable to soil survey map unit components having moderately coarse to medium textured mantles overlying coarse textured deposits.Complexes and Associations - Soil map units with more than 50 percent components that meet any of the above scenarios are designated prime.

Criteria for the designation “Farmland of Statewide Importance"

Soil map units, the predominant composition of which does not meet criteria for prime farmland and have all the following characteristics…available water capacity of 2.0 in (5.1 cm) or more[4] within a depth of 40 in (1 m); and,pH between 4.5 and 8.4 in all horizons within a depth of 40 in (1 m) and,water table, if present, not shallower than 15 in (38 cm) during May through October; and,infrequent (less often than once in 2 years) or no flooding during May through October; and,the product of Kw (erodibility factor, whole soil) of the mineral soil surface and percent slope is less than 4.2[5]; and,permeability rate of at least 0.06 in (0.15 cm) per hour in the upper 20 in (50 cm); and,upper 6 in (15 cm) with less than 35 percent rock fragments by volume coarser than 3 in (7.6 cm); and,not more than 3 percent of the soil surface is covered by stones 10 in (25 cm) to 24 in (60 cm) diameter and, not more than 0.1 percent of the surface is covered by boulders >24 in (60 cm) diameter, andless than 2 percent bedrock exposures.

Qualifiers for data application to Massachusetts Farmland of Statewide Importance Criteria

Where the product of K and slope percent is 4.2 or less for the lower part of an 8 to 15 percent map unit slope phase range but exceeds 4.2 for the upper part of the slope range, and remaining criteria are met, the map unit is designated farmland of statewide importance. Complexes and Associations - Soil map units with more than 50 percent components that meet the above criteria are designated farmland of statewide importance.

Important Farmland Soil Map Unit Designation Overriding Scenarios

Application of anomalous or non-representative data elements to important farmland criteria may result in inaccurate class placement. The consideration of the characteristics of the soil survey map unit as a whole as assessed by Massachusetts NRCS staff overrides point specific data.

K factors and available water capacity data for the same nominal component may vary among soil survey areas resulting in different data-derived farmland classes. The characteristics of the predominant condition based on acreage extent will be applied state-wide for prime farmland and farmland of state-wide importance designations.

The following address specific scenarios where calculations based on attribute data may inaccurately place a map unit in prime farmland or farmland of statewide Importance classes. Soil map units having any of the following characteristics are precluded from important farmland designations:A major component that is shallow to lithic contact: complex slopes, surface stones and boulders associated with these map units, and very shallow components within these landscapes are significant limitations to agriculture.Slope phase range that includes 20 percent or more. Per recommendation from MA NRCS ecological sciences staff, 20 percent slope or greater is limiting for equipment operations.Hydric soil composition greater than or equal to 50 percent.Quartzipsamment composition greater than or equal to 50 percent: droughty, inherently low fertility. A major component of urban land and/or major component classified to level above series i.e. Udorthents.Map unit complexes associated with the undulating, rolling, irregular slopes of the Cape Cod terminal moraines.

Soil map units having any of the following characteristics are precluded from the designation, Prime Farmland:

Composition of soil components in the sandy-skeletal particle size class greater than or equal to 50 percent.Slope phase range that exceeds 8 percent.[6]

Unique Farmland

Soil survey map units designated as Unique Farmland, are those suitable for, and have an established history of cranberry production. The Unique Farmland designation is excluded from soil survey areas with few or no lands with cranberry production.

[1] Relative value refers to the value assigned to specific data elements in the National Soils Information System. Application of anomalous or non-representative values to important farmland criteria may result in inaccurate class placement. The consideration of the characteristics of the soil map unit as a whole overrides point specific data as determined by Massachusetts NRCS staff.

[2]Available water capacity needs determined from “Conservation Irrigation Guide for Massachusetts, 1981”

[3]Slope range values applied to this criterion exclude the lowest whole number in the range to separate overlap with the adjacent lower slope phase as follows: 0-3, 4-8, 9-15.

[4]Available water capacity needs determined from Conservation Irrigation Guide for Massachusetts, 1981

[5]Product of K and slope criterion based on historical precedent, MA Soil Conservation Service document, “Additional Farmland of State or Local Importance”,1/17/1986. Slope range values applied to this criterion exclude the lowest whole number in the range to separate overlap with the adjacent lower slope phase as follows: 0-3, 4-8, 9-15.

[6]Based on data, some map units meet Prime Farmland criteria on the lower part of the 8-15 percent slope range. About a dozen map units with available water capacity >3.5 inches and Kw of .1, .2, .15, or .17 were noted, all of which have loamy surface textures and parent material like other map units with higher Kw factors. The decision to exclude slopes greater than 8 percent from Prime Farmland is based on the preponderance of attribute data for similar soils.

These data were created as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management's efforts to create an online mapping viewer called the Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer. It depicts potential sea level rise and its associated impacts on the nation's coastal areas. The purpose of the mapping viewer is to provide coastal managers and scientists with a preliminary look at sea level rise and coastal flooding impacts. The viewer is a screening-level tool that uses nationally consistent data sets and analyses. Data and maps provided can be used at several scales to help gauge trends and prioritize actions for different scenarios. The Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer may be accessed at: https://coast.noaa.gov/slr. This metadata record describes the Rhode Island digital elevation model (DEM), which is a part of a series of DEMs produced for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management's Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer described above. This DEM includes the best available lidar known to exist at the time of DEM creation that met project specifications. This DEM includes data for the entire state. The DEM was produced from the following lidar data sets: 1. 2013 - 2014 USGS Hurricane Sandy Supplemental for NE (RI, MA, NH) 2. 2011 USGS ARRA Lidar for the Northeast: Rhode Island 3. 2010 FEMA Narragansett River Lidar The DEM is referenced vertically to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88, Geoid12B) with vertical units of meters and horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The resolution of the DEM is approximately 3 meters.