In the fiscal year of 2023, about 1.17 million immigrants received legal permanent resident status in the United States. This is an increase from the previous year, when about 1.02 people received legal permanent resident status. 1991 was the year with the highest number of residency permits granted in United States history - this was largely due to the signing of the Immigration Act of 1990, which greatly eased restrictions on legal migration and naturalization.

Topic of the Data Compilation:

The history of Germany is characterized by immigration and emigration as a mass movement not only since the beginning of the Federal Republic. Migration has a long tradition in Germany. The reasons for this are substantially the same for centuries: The pursuit of a better life for themselves or for the descendants, the fear of political, ethnic or religious persecution, or the forcible expulsion. In addition there were, especially in the first half of the 20th century millions of forced migrations during and in the aftermath of two world wars. (see: Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Soziales, www.soziales.sachsen.de/open).

Firstly, the immigration made under demographical points of view no appreciable impact on Germany. M. Hubert notes in his publication, that still in 1871 in the German Empire the foreign population accounted 0.5% of the total population. But forty years later there are 1259873 foreign persons in the German Empire, that is almost 2% of the German population. (M. Hubert (1998): Deutschland im Wandel. Stuttgart, S. 202)

The issue of immigration to Germany can be viewed under various aspects. Firstly, the state of the foreign population as well as origin and geographical distribution of immigrants in Germany is of interest. Naturalization processes and deportations may be an indicator of the success of integration. The entry from overseas into the German Empire - not to be confused with the actual immigration - is a first indication of the attractiveness of Germany. A special chapter is the subject area of foreign workers in the German Empire, their mediation and the granting of work legitimization by the German Center for Foreign Workers (Deutsche Arbeiterzentrale). These data have to be seen in the context of the foreign workers’ treatment by German institutions, whose attempt was to complicate a permanent stay of foreign workers in the German Empire, or even to prevent it.

Period and territory of the data compilation: Due to the available sources, the data compilation begins in 1871, when a uniform official statistics for the German Empire came into existence. The German Empire censuses were held in 1871 and from 1875 to 1910 every five years, in which, inter alia, the level of the population incl. the foreigner has been detected. The data series of some tables start several years after 1871 because of the data conditions of the available sources. Therefore, for example, the naturalization processes can only be reported for the period of 1873-1885 for the German Empire and from 1874 – 1887 for Prussia; sometimes data for the German Empire only accessible for 1881-1885, because the cases have been reported in the statistical yearbooks for the German Empire only for short periods. A deeper research using other statistical sources was not possible in the context of our Institution, which is mainly an Archive. Longer series can be collected from other printed sources. So for example, offer the editions of the royal Prussian statistical office magazine, issues 14 (1874) to 29 (1887) [in german: “Zeitschrift des königlich preußischen Statistischen Büreaus, Jg. 14 (1874) to Jg. 29 (1887)] information on the naturalizations in Prussia. Another interesting source are the documents of the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation [in german: “Urkunden des Geheimen Staatsarchivs Preußischer Kulturbesitz (I. HA, Rep.77, Tit. 227, Nr. 4, Beihefte 1-28 für 1892-1918)”]. Because of the limited time available the procurement of these sources or the consultation of those resources on site was not possible. The data collection ends with the year 1932, before Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30th, in 1933. The geographical territory of the data compilation is the German Empire and its single states in their respective borders. This means, that changing borders and therefore territorial changes during the reporting period must be considered. This issue is gaining importance particular in the context of foreign migrant workers and their placement or stay by regions in the German Empire. In addition, the number of foreign workers by region in the German Reich is reported not only by the political boundaries of the German states and provinces, but also by the districts’ borders of the employment office districts. Moreover, the provinces of West Prussia and Posen have suffered large losses of territory in consequence of the Greater Poland Uprising (a...

Census: Number of Migrants: Punjab data was reported at 13,735,616.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,189,438.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Number of Migrants: Punjab data is updated decadal, averaging 9,189,438.000 Person from Mar 1991 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,735,616.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 6,960,431.000 Person in 03-01-1991. Census: Number of Migrants: Punjab data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAG001: Census of India: Migration: Number of Migrants: by States.

Syntheses of the olefin hydride complexes [(POCOP)M(H)(olefin)]BArf4 are reported. A single-crystal X-ray structure determination of 6b-Ir shows a square-pyramidal coordination geometry for Ir, with the hydride ligand occupying the apical position. Dynamic NMR techniques were used to characterize these complexes. The rates of site exchange between the hydride and the olefinic hydrogens yielded ΔG⧧ = 15.6 (6a-Ir), 16.8 (6b-Ir), 12.0 (6a-Rh), and 13.7 (6b-Rh) kcal/mol. The NMR exchange data also established that hydride migration in the propylene complexes yields exclusively the primary alkyl intermediate arising from 1,2-insertion. Unexpectedly, no averaging of the top and bottom faces of the square-pyramidal complexes is observed in the NMR spectra at high temperatures, indicating that the barrier for facial equilibration is >20 kcal/mol for both the Ir and Rh complexes. A DFT computational study was used to characterize the free energy surface for the hydride migration reactions. The classical terminal hydride complexes, [M(POCOP)(olefin)H]+, are calculated to be the global minima for both Rh and Ir, in accord with experimental results. In both the Rh ethylene and propylene complexes, the transition state for hydride migration (TS1) to form the agostic species is higher on the energy surface than the transition state for in-place rotation of the coordinated C–H bond (TS2), while for Ir, TS2 is the high point on the energy surface. Therefore, only for the case of the Rh complexes is the NMR exchange rate a direct measure of the hydride migration barrier. The trends in the experimental barriers as a function of M and olefin are in good agreement with the trends in the calculated exchange barriers. The calculated barriers for the hydride migration reaction in the Rh complexes are ∼2 kcal/mol higher than for the Ir complexes, despite the fact that the energy difference between the olefin hydride ground state and the agostic alkyl structure is ∼4 kcal/mol larger for Ir than for Rh. This feature, together with the high barrier for interchange of the top and bottom faces of the complexes, is proposed to arise from the unique coordination geometry of the agostic complexes and the strong preference for a cis-divacant octahedral geometry in four-coordinate intermediates.

This graph shows the population of the U.S. by race and ethnic group from 2000 to 2023. In 2023, there were around 21.39 million people of Asian origin living in the United States. A ranking of the most spoken languages across the world can be accessed here. U.S. populationCurrently, the white population makes up the vast majority of the United States’ population, accounting for some 252.07 million people in 2023. This ethnicity group contributes to the highest share of the population in every region, but is especially noticeable in the Midwestern region. The Black or African American resident population totaled 45.76 million people in the same year. The overall population in the United States is expected to increase annually from 2022, with the 320.92 million people in 2015 expected to rise to 341.69 million people by 2027. Thus, population densities have also increased, totaling 36.3 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2021. Despite being one of the most populous countries in the world, following China and India, the United States is not even among the top 150 most densely populated countries due to its large land mass. Monaco is the most densely populated country in the world and has a population density of 24,621.5 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2021. As population numbers in the U.S. continues to grow, the Hispanic population has also seen a similar trend from 35.7 million inhabitants in the country in 2000 to some 62.65 million inhabitants in 2021. This growing population group is a significant source of population growth in the country due to both high immigration and birth rates. The United States is one of the most racially diverse countries in the world.

Migrants from the United Kingdom have long been Australia’s primary immigrant group and in 2023 there were roughly 960 thousand English-born people living in Australia. India and China held second and third place respectively with regard to Australia’s foreign-born population. The relative dominance of Asian countries in the list of top ten foreign-born residents of Australia represents a significant shift in Australia’s immigration patterns over the past few decades. Where European-born migrants had previously overshadowed other migrant groups, Australian migration figures are now showing greater migration numbers from neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific. A history of migration Australia is often referred to as an ‘immigrant nation’, alongside the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Before the Second World War, migrants to Australia were almost exclusively from the UK, however after 1945, Australia’s immigration policy was broadened to attract economic migrants and temporary skilled migrants. These policy changes saw and increase in immigrants particularly from Greece and Italy. Today, Australia maintains its status as an ‘’Immigrant nation’’, with almost 30 percent of the population born overseas and around 50 percent of the population having both that were born overseas. Australian visas The Australian immigration program has two main categories of visa, permanent and temporary. The permanent visa category offers three primary pathways: skilled, family and humanitarian. The skilled visa category is by far the most common, with more than a million permanent migrants living in Australia on this visa category at the last Australian census in 2021. Of the temporary visa categories, the higher education visa is the most popular, exceeding 180 thousand arrivals in 2023.

National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).

The largest number of immigrants in Germany were from Ukraine, as of 2023. The top three origin countries were rounded up by Romania and Turkey. Immigrants are defined as having left a country, which may be their home country, to permanently reside in another. Upon arriving, immigrants do not hold the citizenship of the country they move to. Immigration in the EU All three aforementioned countries are members of the European Union, which means their citizens have freedom of movement between EU member states. In practice, this means that citizens of any EU member country may relocate between them to live and work there. Unrestricted by visas or residence permits, the search for university courses, jobs, retirement options, and places to live seems to be defined by an enormous amount of choice. However, even in this freedom of movement scheme, immigration may be hampered by bureaucratic hurdles or financial challenges. Prosperity with a question mark While Germany continues to be an attractive destination for foreigners both in and outside the European Union, as well as asylum applicants, it remains to be seen how current events might influence these patterns, whether the number of immigrants arriving from certain countries will shift. Europe’s largest economy is suffering. Climbing inflation levels in the last few months, as well as remaining difficulties from the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic are affecting global economic development. Ultimately, future immigrants may face the fact of moving from one struggling economy to another.

Canada’s appeal as an immigration destination has been increasing over the past two decades, with a total of 464,265 people immigrating to the country in 2024. This figure is an increase from 2000-2001, when approximately 252,527 immigrants came to Canada. Immigration to the Great White North Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, there were an estimated 199,297 immigrants to Ontario, making it the most popular immigration destination out of any province. While the number of immigrants has been increasing over the years, in 2024 over half of surveyed Canadians believed that there were too many immigrants in the country. However, in 2017, the Canadian government announced its aim to significantly increase the number of permanent residents to Canada in order to combat an aging workforce and the decline of working-age adults. Profiles of immigrants to Canada The gender of immigrants to Canada in 2023 was just about an even split, with 234,279 male immigrants and 234,538 female immigrants. In addition, most foreign-born individuals in Canada came from India, followed by China and the Philippines. The United States was the fifth most common origin country for foreign-born residents in Canada.

Ontario was the province with the most immigrants in 2024, with 197,657 immigrants. Nunavut, Canada’s northernmost territory, had 56 immigrants arrive in the same period. Immigration to Canada Over the past 20 years, the number of immigrants to Canada has held steady and is just about evenly split between men and women. Asian countries dominate the list of leading countries of birth for foreign-born residents of Canada, although the United Kingdom, the United States, and Italy all make the list as well. Unemployment among immigrants In 2023, the unemployment rate for immigrants in Canada was highest among those who had been in the country for five years or less. The unemployment rate decreased the longer someone had been in Canada, and unemployment was lowest among those who had been in the country for more than ten years, coming more into line with the average unemployment rate for the whole of Canada.

As of October 2024, approximately 23,200 Japanese residents were registered in Honolulu, an increase from around 15,000 a decade earlier. In the same year, the United States was the country with the highest number of Japanese residents.

In 2022, ***** criminal aliens convicted of assault were removed from the United States by the Department of Homeland Security. The greatest number of criminal aliens removed from the U.S. in that year was due to immigration, with ***** removals.