Data calculated for State of the Tropics report from original source: Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index. This indicator measures the extent to which public power is exercised for private grain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests. It also measures the strength and effectiveness of a country’s policy and institutional framework to prevent and combat corruption.

Central America science production on biodiversity topics is important in planning future adaptive and conservation policies in a climate-related risk region that is considered a biodiversity hotspot but has the lowest Human Development Index of Latin America. Science production on biodiversity is related to geo-referenced species occurrence records, but the accessibility depends on political frameworks and science funding. This paper aims at foregrounding how the democratic shifts throughout the years have had an impact on science production on biodiversity research, and species records. For this exploration we developed a novel systematic scientometric analysis of science production on biodiversity topics, we used Bio-Dem (open-source software of biodiversity records and socio-political variables) and briefly analyzed the history—from 1980 to 2020—of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. With a data set of 16,304 documents, our analysis shows the significant discrepancies between the low science production of Central American Northern countries (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua), the prolific production from the Southern (Costa Rica and Panama), and how this relates to democratic stability. Scientific production tends to be more abundant when democratic conditions are guaranteed. The state capture phenomenon and colonial-rooted interactions worldwide have an effect on the conditions under which science is being produced in Central America. Democracy, science production, funding, and conservation are core elements that go hand in hand, and that need to be nourished in a region that struggles with the protection of life and extractive activities in a climate change scenario.

The United States had the highest carbon capture and storage Readiness Index worldwide as of 2024, at **. Canada followed with a CCS Readiness Index of **. North America currently accounts for the highest number of commercial CCS facilities worldwide. CCS Readiness Index scores monitor the progress of CCS deployment.

Score for index assessing rule of law conditions based on property rights, judicial effectiveness and government integrity. The rule of law dimension of the Index of Economic Freedom is a mean of the property rights, judicial effectiveness and government integrity components. The property rights component is derived by averaging scores for equally weighted subfactors: risk of expropriation, respect for intellectual property rights, and quality of contract enforcement, property rights and law enforcement. The score for the judicial effectiveness component is derived by averaging scores for equally weighted subfactors: judicial independence; quality of the judicial process; and perceptions of the quality of public services and the independence of the civil service. The score for the government integrity component is derived by averaging scores for equally weighted subfactors: perception of corruption, bribery risk, and control of corruption including “capture” of the state by elites and private interests. For information on the methodology of the Index of Economic Freedom.

The RVI/CVI database is derived from the CanEcumene 3.0 GDB (Eddy, et. al. 2023) using a selection of socio-economic variables identified in Eddy and Dort (2011) that aim to capture the overall state of socio-economic conditions of communities as ‘human habitats’. This dataset was developed primarily for application in mapping socio-economic conditions of communities and regions for environmental and natural resource management, climate change adaptation, Impact Assessments (IAs) and Regional Assessments (RAs), and Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA). The RVI/CVI is comprised of five sub-indicators: 1) population change, 2) age structure, 3) education levels, 4) employment levels, and 5) real estate values. Index values are based on percentile ranks of each sub-indicator, and averaged for each community, and for three ranked groups: 1) all of Canada, 2) by province, and 3) by population size. The data covers the Census periods of 2001, 2006, 2011 (NHS), 2016, and 2021. The index is mapped in two ways: 1) as ‘points’ for individual communities (CVI), and 2) as ‘rasters’ for spatial interpolation of point data (RVI). These formats provide an alternative spatial framework to conventional StatsCan CSD framework. (For more information on this approach see Eddy, et. al. 2020). ============================================================================================ Eddy, B.G., Muggridge, M., LeBlanc, R., Osmond, J., Kean, C., and Boyd, E. 2023. The CanEcumene 3.0 GIS Database. Federal Geospatial Platform (FGP), Natural Resources Canada. https://gcgeo.gc.ca/viz/index-en.html?keys=draft-3f599fcb-8d77-4dbb-8b1e-d3f27f932a4b Eddy B.G., Muggridge M, LeBlanc R, Osmond J, Kean C, Boyd E. 2020. An Ecological Approach for Mapping Socio-Economic Data in Support of Ecosystems Analysis: Examples in Mapping Canada’s Forest Ecumene. One Ecosystem 5: e55881. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e55881 Eddy, B.G.; Dort, A. 2011. Integrating Socio-Economic Data for Integrated Land Management (ILM): Examples from the Humber River Basin, western Newfoundland. Geomatica, Vol. 65, No. 3, p. 283-291. doi:10.5623/cig2011-044.

Nigeria NG: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data was reported at 3.000 NA in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 3.000 NA for 2016. Nigeria NG: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data is updated yearly, averaging 3.000 NA from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.000 NA in 2017 and a record low of 3.000 NA in 2017. Nigeria NG: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Policy and Institutions. Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests.; ; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; Unweighted average;

Files necessary to run the Bayesian multi-state capture-recapture model to analyse the demography of northern royal albatross at Taiaroa Head, New Zealand. The model is used for the article at https://peerj.com/preprints/712/, submitted for peer-reviewed publication. The files consist of: - model.bug - the Bayesian multi-state capture-recapture model, written in the BUG language, - data.txt - Data, in R raw format (readable in R using the source function), - inits.txt - Initialisation values for the model, - jags.cmd - JAGS command file to run the model, containing the names of the parameters to monitor, and to specify the length of the burnin period and of the total number of iterations. To run the model, assuming that JAGS is installed, simply run "jags jags.cmd".

The data consist of 11 objects: - age: matrix of 355 x 23 values being the age in years for all 355 individuals and 23 years. - atcol: matrix of 355 x 23 values, with 1 indicating that an individual was at the colony, 0 otherwise, in each of the 23 years. - bsucc: matrix of 355 x 23 values, with 2 if an individual produced a fledgling, 1 otherwise, for each of the 23 years. - firstcap: vector of 355 values, representing the first year each individual was seen during the studied period, with 1 being the start of the period (1988-89). - k.R: minimum recruitment age, single value. - k.B: minimum age at first reproduction, single value. - N: number of individuals, single value. - sex: vector of 355 values, containing the gender of each individual: 1 for female, 2 for male, NA for unknown. - state: matrix of 355 x 23 values, being the state of each individual each year: 1: breeding adult, 2: non-breeding adult, 3: pre-breeder, 4: juvenile, 5: dead, NA: unknown. - T: number of years considered in the dataset, single value. - Tstar: maximum individual age in the dataset, single value.

Nepal NP: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data was reported at 3.000 NA in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 3.000 NA for 2016. Nepal NP: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data is updated yearly, averaging 3.000 NA from Jul 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.000 NA in 2017 and a record low of 2.500 NA in 2010. Nepal NP: CPIA: Transparency: Accountability: and Corruption in The Public Sector Rating: 1=Low To 6=High data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nepal – Table NP.World Bank: Policy and Institutions. Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests.; ; World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).; Unweighted average;

From 2017-2023, a total of 934 Grass Carp were removed from the Lake Erie basin and tributaries, and 159 were captured in the Mississippi, Missouri, and Lamine Rivers within the state of Missouri in 2022. For each captured fish we documented capture location, water temperature; we measured total length and total weight. Length data was used to assess the removal efforts in Lake Erie. A subset of Lake Erie captures (n=121), and Missouri captures (n=153) were histologically sampled to determine age-at-maturity, fecundity type, developmental timing, and spawning strategies. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) was analyzed to determine if it is a valid proxy for maturity.