Context

This dataset shows the state-to-state migration in the United States from 2010 to 2019.

Content

The columns in this dataset are: - current state: Current state that people reside in the year of the measurement (include District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) - year: Year of the measurement - population: Population of the current state in the year of the measurement - same house: Number of people reside in the same house as 1 year ago - same state: Number of people reside in the same state as 1 year ago - from different state Total: Total number of people from different states migrate to the current state - abroad Total: Total number of people from abroad migrate to the current state - from: Place from where people migrate to the current state. This includes 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, US Island Area, and Foreign Country - number of people: number of people from a different place (from column) migrate to the current state

Acknowledgements

Data source: US Census

Inspiration

Where do people go from/to each year? What are the factors that correlate with the migration into that state (combine with other datasets)?

Migration flows are derived from the relationship between the location of current residence in the American Community Survey (ACS) sample and the responses given to the migration question "Where did you live 1 year ago?". There are flow statistics (moved in, moved out, and net moved) between county or minor civil division (MCD) of residence and county, MCD, or world region of residence 1 year ago. Estimates for MCDs are only available for the 12 strong-MCD states, where the MCDs have the same government functions as incorporated places. Migration flows between metropolitan statistical areas are available starting with the 2009-2013 5-year ACS dataset. Flow statistics are available by three or four variables for each dataset starting with the 2006-2010 5-year ACS datasets. The variables change for each dataset and do not repeat in overlapping datasets. In addition to the flow estimates, there are supplemental statistics files that contain migration/geographical mobility estimates (e.g. nonmovers, moved to a different state, moved from abroad) for each county, MCD, or metro area.

Abstract (en): These migration data come from the Census 2000 long-form questions about residence in 1995 and provide the number of people who moved between counties. There are two files, one for inflows from every county in the United States and another re-sorted by outflows to every county. Each file contains data for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, sorted by FIPS state and county codes. All persons living in housing units in the United States in 2000. self-enumerated questionnaireFor each county in the state, the number of migrants who moved to that county from another county is listed. These files contain records for FIPS state code in 2000, FIPS county code in 2000, county and state name in 2000 (current residence), FIPS state code in 1995, FIPS county code in 1995, county and state name in 1995 (previous residence), and the number of migrants who moved between those two counties (inflow).For each county in the state, the number of migrants who moved away from that county to another county is listed. These files contain records for FIPS state code in 1995, FIPS county code in 1995, county and state name in 1995 (previous residence), FIPS state code in 2000, FIPS county code in 2000, county and state name in 2000 (current residence), and the number of migrants who moved between those two counties (outflow).The data for Puerto Rico are not included in this version of the collection.

This statistic shows the net percentage change in the Millennial population in the United States from 2010 to 2016, by state. In the period of 2010 to 2016, North Dakota had the largest change in Millennial population, growing 18 percent.

This annual study provides migration pattern data for the United States by State or by county and are available for inflows (the number of new residents who moved to a State or county and where they migrated from) and outflows (the number of residents who left a State or county and where they moved to). The data include the number of returns filed, number of personal exemptions claimed, total adjusted gross income, and aggregate migration flows at the State level, by the size of adjusted gross income (AGI) and by age of the primary taxpayer. Data are collected and based on year-to-year address changes reported on U.S. Individual Income Tax Returns (Form 1040) filed with the IRS. SOI collects these data as part of its Individual Income Tax Return (Form 1040) Statistics program, Data by Geographic Areas, U.S. Population Migration Data.

Graph and download economic data for Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Centre County, PA (DISCONTINUED) (NETMIGNACS042027) from 2009 to 2020 about Centre County, PA; State College; migration; flow; PA; Net; 5-year; and population.

Approximately 41 million people immigrated to the United States of America between the years 1820 and 1957. During this time period, the United States expanded across North America, growing from 23 to 48 states, and the population grew from approximately 10 million people in 1820, to almost 180 million people by 1957. Economically, the U.S. developed from being an agriculturally focused economy in the 1820s, to having the highest GDP of any single country in the 1950s. Much of this expansion was due to the high numbers of agricultural workers who migrated from Europe, as technological advances in agriculture had lowered the labor demand. The majority of these migrants settled in urban centers, and this fueled the growth of the industrial sector.

American industrialization and European rural unemployment fuel migration The first major wave of migration came in the 1850s, and was fueled largely by Irish and German migrants, who were fleeing famine or agricultural depression at the time. The second boom came in the 1870s, as the country recovered from the American Civil War, and the Second Industrial Revolution took off. The final boom of the nineteenth century came in the 1880s, as poor harvests and industrialization in Europe led to mass emigration. Improvements in steam ship technology and lower fares led to increased migration from Eastern and Southern Europe at the turn of the century (particularly from Italy). War and depression reduces migration Migration to the U.S. peaked at the beginning of the 20th century, before it fluctuated greatly at the beginning of the 20th century. This was not only due to the disruptions to life in Europe caused by the world wars, but also the economic disruption of the Great Depression in the 1930s. The only period between 1914 and 1950 where migration was high was during the 1920s. However, the migration rate rose again in the late 1940s, particularly from Latin America and Asia. The historically high levels of migration from Europe has meant that the most common ethnicity in the U.S. has been non-Hispanic White since the early-colonial period, however increased migration from Latin America, Asia and Africa, and higher fertility rates among ethnic minorities, have seen the Whites' share of the total population fall in recent years (although it is still over three times larger than any other group.

This app shows the inbound and outbound flow of population to and from every state in the U.S., between 2015 and 2016. This is based on tax returns filed through the IRS. Click on any state to see information about population flows. The brightest, thickest lines have the most population moving along that flow line. The circles indicate the total population inbound or outbound. The chart is sorted by distance to the state, and lets you instantly compare the inflow and outflow of population between 2015 and 2016. The visualization was created from the Distributive Flow Lines tool to depict the flow of population in different directions throughout the country. To see your state or other states, click here. The data comes from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) migration data based on tax stats. According to the U.S. Population Migration Data: Strengths and Limitations, if a state had less than 3 tax returns from another state, the value is suppressed. This is stated within the pop-up for these cases.

Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Miami County, OH was -576.00000 Persons in January of 2020, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Miami County, OH reached a record high of 99.00000 in January of 2019 and a record low of -1259.00000 in January of 2017. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Miami County, OH - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

As of 2023, 27.3 percent of California's population were born in a country other than the United States. New Jersey, New York, Florida, and Nevada rounded out the top five states with the largest population of foreign born residents in that year. For the country as a whole, 14.3 percent of residents were foreign born.

Between 1820 and 1957, more than six million people emigrated from Germany to the United States. The period with the highest levels of migration came during the 1850s and the 1880s, and over 250 thousand documented migrants came to the US from Germany in 1882 alone. The reasons for these mass migrations were not linked to individual events, but were because of the improved access to trans-Atlantic travel, poor economic opportunities at home (particularly for farmers, who struggled with the rapid industrialization of Germany), and to escape religious persecution in Europe. The periods with the lowest levels of migration from Germany were between 1915 and 1945, and were likely caused by the First and Second World Wars, and also the Great Depression.

Net migration for the United States was 4774029.00000 People in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Net migration for the United States reached a record high of 8859954.00000 in January of 1997 and a record low of 1556054.00000 in January of 1967. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Net migration for the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

Abstract (en): This dataset provides annual population projections for the 50 states and the District of Columbia by age, sex, and race for the years 1986 through 2010. The projections were made using a mathematical projection model called the cohort-component method. This method allows separate assumptions to be made for each of the components of population change: births, deaths, internal migration, and international migration. The projections are consistent with the July 1, 1986 population estimates for states. In general, the projections assume a slight increase in the national levels of fertility, an increasing level of life expectancy, and a decreasing level of net international migration. Internal migration assumptions are based on the annual state-to-state migration data for the years 1975-1986. The resident population of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data are included for the years 1986 and 1987 as well as 1988-2010. Figures for 1986 are estimates, while those for 1987 and succeeding years are projections.

Between 1820 and 1957, over 4.6 million people emigrated from the island of Ireland to the United States. The period with the highest levels of migration came between 1845 and 1855 , as the Great Famine devastated Ireland's population, causing the deaths of roughly one million people and leading to the migration of one million more, most of which was to the United States. The period with the lowest levels of migration came in the 1930s and 40s, as the Great Depression and Second World War created an environment where migration to the US was difficult or impractical.

This is a data record of the input and output data associated with the following publication:

Jiang, L., B.C. O'Neill, H. Zoraghein, and S. Dahlke. 2020. Population scenarios for U.S. states consistent with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba5b1.

The accompanying code can be found here:

Zoraghein, H., R. Nawrotzki, L. Jiang, and S. Dahlke (2020). IMMM-SFA/statepop: v0.1.0 (Version v0.1.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3956703

The following detail the contents:

• SSP
• State_inputs.zip

Historical chart and dataset showing U.S. net migration by year from 1960 to 2024.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the majority of documented migration to the United States of American came from European countries. Between 1820 and 1957, of the approximate 41 million migrants to the US, over 34 million of these came from Europe. The most commonly documented countries of origin during this time were Germany (6.6 million), Italy (4.9 million), Ireland (4.6 million), Great Britain (4.5 million), and Russia (3.4 million). The first wave of mass migration came in the 1850s, as the Great famine crippled Ireland's population, and many in rural areas of mainland Europe struggled to adapt to industrialization, and economic opportunities attracted many in the 1870s, following the American Civil War. The 1880s saw another wave, as steam powered ships and lower fares made trans-Atlantic journeys much more affordable. The first wave of mass migration from Eastern and Southern Europe also arrived at this time, as industrialization and agricultural advancements led to high unemployment in these regions.

The majority of migrants to the United States settled in major urban centers, which allowed the expansion of industry, leading to the United States' emergence as one of the leading global economies at the turn of the twentieth century. The largest wave of migration to the United states during this period came in the first fifteen years of the 1900s. The influx of migrants from Northern and Western Europe had now been replaced by an influx from Eastern and Southern Europe (although migration from the British Isles was still quite high during this time). European migration fell to it's lowest levels in eighty years during the First World War, before fluctuating again in the interwar period, due to the Great Depression. As the twentieth century progressed, the continent with the highest levels of migration to the US gradually changed from Europe to Latin America, as economic opportunities in Western Europe improved, and the US' relationship with the Soviet Union and other Eastern, communist states became complicated.

Between 1820 and 1957, over 4.5 million people emigrated from Great Britain to the United States. The period with the highest levels of migration came during the 1860s, 70s and 80s, with almost 110 thousand people migrating in 1888 alone. The period with the lowest levels of migration came in the 1930s and early 40s, as the Great Depression caused an economic crisis across the globe, hitting the US and Great Britain particularly hard. Economic recovery in the late 1930s caused the migration rate to increase again, before the Second World War brought the numbers back down in the first half of the 1940s.

The IRS Statistics of Income Division (SOI), in collaboration with the U.S. Census Bureau, has released migration data for the United States for several decades. These data are an important source of information detailing the movement of individuals from one location to another. SOI bases these data on year-to-year address changes reported on individual income tax returns filed with the IRS. They present migration patterns by State or by county for the entire United States and are available for inflows—the number of new residents who moved to a State or county and where they migrated from, and outflows—the number of residents leaving a State or county and where they went. The data are available for Filing Years 1991 through 2016 and include:

• Number of returns filed, which approximates the number of households that migrated
• Number of personal exemptions claimed, which approximates the number of individuals
• Total adjusted gross income, starting with Filing Year 1995
• Aggregate migration flows at the State level, by the size of adjusted gross income (AGI) and age of the primary taxpayer, starting with Filing Year 2011.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the United States was one of the main destinations for Italian emigrants. The largest number of people leaving Italy for the U.S. was registered in **********************************************, particularly in ****, before a sharp decline occurred in 1914 due to the First World War.Nowadays, the U.S. is still one of the main destinations for Italians. More specifically, as of January 2021, *** percent of all Italians moving abroad over the last year went to the United States.