Data on drug overdose death rates, by drug type and selected population characteristics. Please refer to the PDF or Excel version of this table in the HUS 2019 Data Finder (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2019.htm) for critical information about measures, definitions, and changes over time. SOURCE: NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, numerator data from annual public-use Mortality Files; denominator data from U.S. Census Bureau national population estimates; and Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Arias E, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Final data for 2018. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 69 no 13. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/nvsr.htm. For more information on the National Vital Statistics System, see the corresponding Appendix entry at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus19-appendix-508.pdf.

This data presents provisional counts for drug overdose deaths based on a current flow of mortality data in the National Vital Statistics System. Counts for the most recent final annual data are provided for comparison. National provisional counts include deaths occurring within the 50 states and the District of Columbia as of the date specified and may not include all deaths that occurred during a given time period. Provisional counts are often incomplete and causes of death may be pending investigation resulting in an underestimate relative to final counts. To address this, methods were developed to adjust provisional counts for reporting delays by generating a set of predicted provisional counts. Several data quality metrics, including the percent completeness in overall death reporting, percentage of deaths with cause of death pending further investigation, and the percentage of drug overdose deaths with specific drugs or drug classes reported are included to aid in interpretation of provisional data as these measures are related to the accuracy of provisional counts. Reporting of the specific drugs and drug classes involved in drug overdose deaths varies by jurisdiction, and comparisons of death rates involving specific drugs across selected jurisdictions should not be made. Provisional data presented will be updated on a monthly basis as additional records are received. For more information please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm

In 2022, around 73,838 people in the United States died from a drug overdose that involved fentanyl. This was the highest number of fentanyl overdose deaths ever recorded in the United States, and a significant increase from the number of deaths reported in 2019. Fentanyl overdoses are now the driving force behind the opioid epidemic, accounting for the majority of overdose deaths in the United States. What is fentanyl? Fentanyl is an extremely potent synthetic opioid similar to morphine, but more powerful. It is a prescription drug but is also manufactured illegally and is sometimes mixed with other illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine, often without the user’s knowledge. The potency of fentanyl makes it very addictive and puts users at a high risk for overdose. Illegally manufactured fentanyl has become more prevalent in the United States in recent years, leading to a huge increase in drug overdose deaths. In 2022, the rate of drug overdose death involving fentanyl was 22.7 per 100,000 population, compared to a rate of just one per 100,000 population in the year 2013. Fentanyl overdoses by gender and race/ethnicity As of 2022, the rate of drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl in the United States is over two times higher among men than women. Rates of overdose death involving fentanyl were low for both men and women until around the year 2014 when they began to quickly increase, especially for men. In 2022, there were around 19,880 drug overdose deaths among women that involved fentanyl compared to 53,958 such deaths among men. At that time, the rate of fentanyl overdose deaths was highest among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Natives and lowest among non-Hispanic Asians. However, from the years 2014 to 2018, non-Hispanic whites had the highest fentanyl overdose death rates.

Background: The opioid epidemic has been extensively documented in the United States and Canada, but fewer data are available for Europe.Aim: To describe the trends in opioid use—volume of prescriptions, dosage and number of patients treated—in a Spanish population with more than 4.2 million inhabitants aged 18 years and older.Patients and Methods: Population-based cross-sectional analysis of opioid prescription in adults (≥18 years) from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018 in the region of Valencia, Spain. Outcomes were estimated on an annual basis: number of prescriptions, prescription rate per 100 inhabitants, dosage per capita (morphine mg equivalents, MME/c) and volume of patients treated (overall and by drug).Results: Over the study period, 2,107,756 unique patients were prescribed more than 35 million total treatments. The yearly number of treatments doubled, and total MME/c showed almost a threefold increase. Fentanyl MME/c more than tripled, accounting for 34.4% of the total MME/c in 2018. Oxycodone MME/c showed a 10-fold increase, while tapentadol, launched in 2011, showed the highest growth rates. The annual number of patients receiving at least one opioid prescription more than doubled, from 335,379 in 2010 to 722,838 in 2018.Conclusions: Even if proportions still seem far from epidemic, urgent research is warranted on the observed patterns of use, their appropriateness and their association with health and safety outcomes, especially for high-use and high-strength drugs.

This dataset includes the number and rate per 100,000 Virginia residents for drug overdose deaths among Virginia residents by year and by drug class (all-drug, any opioids, benzodiazepines, cocaine, heroin, methadone, natural and semi-synthetic opioids, natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic opioids, prescription pain relievers, psychostimulant, and synthetic opioids other than methadone). Data set includes drug overdose death counts and rates for years 2018 through the most recent data year available. When data set is downloaded, the dates will be sorted in ascending order, meaning that the earliest date will be at the top. To see data for the most recent date, please scroll down to the bottom of the data set.

This statistic depicts the total number of e-prescriptions for controlled substances (like opioids) in the United States, based on data of the country's largest e-prescribing operator Surescripts, from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, the total number of filed electronic prescriptions for controlled substances reached around 303 million.

Nicotine use among U.S. youth is cause for concern, as previous studies have shown that nicotine use in adolescence increases the risk of developing substance use disorders later in life. This exploratory study aimed to understand patterns of nicotine use and perceptions of various nicotine products among adolescents and young adults (AYA) receiving medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD). We administered an adapted version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey via REDCap to AYA (n=32) receiving outpatient care in the Medication-Assisted Treatment of Addiction at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Thirty (97%) participants had tried a combustible cigarette and 27 (90%) had tried an electronic cigarette. By age 13, nineteen (61%) participants had tried combustible cigarettes and eight (25%) had tried opioids. Twenty-two (71%) participants reported smoking combustible cigarettes every day for the past 30 days, and 15 (48%) reported smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day on average. Only ten (32%) participants reported e-cigarette use in the last 30 days. Participants universally agreed that tobacco products are dangerous, and twenty (67%) current tobacco users reported that they planned to quit in the next year. Nicotine use patterns among AYA receiving MOUD differ from that previously shown in the general population, primarily by high prevalence of nicotine use in early adolescence and high current combustible cigarette use. Interventions such as universal screening for nicotine use before age 13 and tailored smoking cessation programs for AYA with OUD may help optimize care for these individuals. Methods We administered an adapted version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey via REDCap to adolescents and young adults (n=32) receiving medication treatment for opioid use disorder. This dataset includes deidentified survey responses. Survey responses that may directly or indirectly identify participants (i.e age, race, gender, occupation, marital status) have been removed from the public dataset.

Patient demographics stratified by acute and chronic opioid users.

Opioid use in the United States and abroad is an endemic part of society with yearly increases in overdose rates and deaths. As rates of overdose incidence increase, the use of the safe and effective reversal agent, naloxone, in the form of a nasal rescue spray is being fielded and used by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) at a greater and greater rate. Despite advances in the deployment of these rescue products, deaths are continuing to increase. There is evidence that repeated dosing of a naloxone nasal spray (such as Narcan) is becoming more common due to the amount and type of opiate being administered. Despite the benefits of naloxone related to opioid reversals, we lack repeated dosing guidelines as a function of opiates and the amount the patient has taken. Goal-directed rescue dosing, where respiratory markers such as oxygen saturation or end-tidal carbon dioxide, are being used as an indication of the patient's recovery. These rescue methods require time, training, and understanding by the EMT to administer with most patients receiving naloxone doses with no follow-up or additional monitoring. To measure repeat dosing guidelines, we construct a whole-body model of the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of an opiate, fentanyl on respiratory depression. We then construct a model of nasal deposition and administration of naloxone to investigate repeat dosing requirements for large overdose scenarios. We demonstrate that naloxone is highly effective at reversing the respiratory symptoms of the patient and recommend dosing requirements as a function of the fentanyl amount administered. By designing the model to include circulation and respiration we investigate physiological markers that may be used in goal-directed therapy rescue treatments.

This dataset shows the proportion of opioid agonists per Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) of opioid prescription dispensed. The morphine milligram equivalent is an opioid dosage equivalent to morphine. This measurement is used to determine the abuse and overdose potential, and to set thresholds for prescribing and dispensing opioids. The lowest effective dosage is set at less than 50 MME and the highest is greater than 90 MME.

Over 50,000 people die annually from opioid overdoses in the United States leading to what has become known as the “opioid epidemic.” This is of heightened concern in states like Alabama that experience higher rates of overall drug use and overdose deaths. Thus, it is increasingly important for college students in Alabama to learn about how the opioid epidemic is affecting their communities. Previous studies have demonstrated that engaging non-majors in innovative active-learning oriented pedagogies like service-learning can enhance their understanding and awareness about contemporary societal issues. Despite its pedagogical potential, the impact of opioid-related service-learning, particularly for non-majors, continues to remain unexplored. In this study, we describe the implementation of a service-learning module centered on opioid addiction. Students in a non-major biology course learned the science behind opioids, had Naloxone training, and engaged in active discussions with an opioid researcher, physician, and former illicit opioid user. Our assessment of the thematic analysis of pre- and post-reflection free-write data from 87 consenting students revealed 10 categories that students reported in the post- but not pre-reflections (essay gain), pre- and post-reflections (neutral), and pre- but not post-reflections (essay loss). We found essay gains in students humanizing addiction and awareness of the cultural context of opioid addiction and essay losses from students indicating that non-major students had a low level of awareness related to these issues. Eight one-on-one, semi-structured interviews revealed that students were personally impacted by the epidemic and valued its curricular inclusion. Our data supports that service-learning can increase non-major biology student’s awareness and contextual understanding about the opioid epidemic, enabling much-needed advocacy to further enhance its awareness among the public.

Annual number of deaths registered related to drug poisoning, by local authority, England and Wales.

Background. Downs syndrome (DS) is the commonest of the congenital genetic defects. Its incidence has been rising in recent years for unknown reasons. Objective. Investigate the relationship of DS to substance- and cannabinoid- exposure; and causality.

Methods. Observational ecological population-based epidemiological study 1986-2016. Analysis performed January 2020. Geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis.

Participants: Patients were diagnosed with DS and reported to state based registries; collated nationally. Data source: annual reports of National Birth Defects Prevention Network of Centres for Disease Control.

Exposures: Drug exposure was taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) conducted annually by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Nationally representative sample 67,000 participants annually. Drug exposures: cigarette consumption, alcohol abuse, analgesic/opioid abuse, cocaine use and last month cannabis use. Ethnicity and median household income: US Census Bureau. Maternal age of childbearing: CDC births registries. Cannabinoid concentrations: Drug Enforcement Agency seizures.

Results. NSDUH report 74.1% mean annual response rate. All other data was population-wide. DS rate (DSR) was noted to be rising over time, cannabis use, and cannabis-use quintile. In the optimal geospatial model lagged to four years terms including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol were significant (from β-est.=4189.96 (95%C.I. 1924.74, 6455.17), P=2.9x10-4). Ethnicity, income, and maternal age covariates were not significant. DSR in states where cannabis was not illegal was higher than elsewhere (β-est.=2.160 (1.5, 2.82), R.R.=1.81 (1.51, 2.16), P=4.7x10-10). In inverse probability-weighted mixed models terms including cannabinoids were significant (from β-estimate=18.82 (16.82, 20.82), P

Conclusions. Our data show that the association between DSR and substance- and cannabinoid- exposure is robust to multivariable geotemporospatial adjustment, implicate particularly cannabigerol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and fulfil causal crietria. Cannabis legalization was associated with elevated DSR’s. These findings are consistent with those from Hawaii, Colorado, Canada and Australia and concordant with several cellular mechanisms. Given that the cannabis industry is presently in a rapid growth-commercialization phase the present findings linking cannabis use with megabase scale genotoxicity suggest unrecognized DS risk factors, are of public health importance and suggest that re-focussing the cannabis debate on multigenerational and intergenerational health concerns is prudent.

In 2017, the United States Department of Health and Human Services declared the widespread misuse and abuse of prescription and illicit opioids an epidemic. However, this epidemic dates back to the 1990s when opioids were extensively prescribed for pain management. Currently, opioids are still recommended for pain management, and given their abuse potential, rapid screening is imperative for patient treatment. Of particular importance is assessing pain management patient compliance, where evaluating drug use is crucial for preventing opioid abuse and potential overdoses. In this work, we utilized drift tube ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (DTIMS-MS) to develop a rapid screening method for 33 target opioids and opioid urinary metabolites. Collision cross section values were determined for all target molecules using a flow-injection DTIMS-MS method, and clear differentiation of 27 out of the 33 opioids without prior chromatographic separation was observed when utilizing a high resolution demultiplexing screening approach. An automated solid phase extraction (SPE) platform was then coupled to DTIMS-MS for 10 s sample-to-sample analyses. This SPE-IMS-MS approach enabled the rapid screening of urine samples for opioids and presents a major improvement in sample throughput compared to traditional chromatographic analyses coupled with MS, which routinely take several minutes per sample. Overall, this vast reduction in analysis time facilitates a faster turn-around for patient samples, providing great benefits to clinical applications.

United States governmental agencies often make proposed regulations open to the public for comment. Proposed regulations are organized into "dockets". This project will use Regulation.gov public API to aggregate and clean public comments for dockets that mention opioid use.

Each example will consist of one docket, and include metadata such as docket id, docket title, etc. Each docket entry will also include information about the top 10 comments, including comment metadata and comment text.

Dataset containing hazard risk and resistance data for all BCAT-tracked jurisdictions across all 50 states, DC, and 5 US territories (American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, USVI), but rolled up to the county level. Tracked hazards include: flood, seismic, damaging wind, hurricane wind, and tornado. These five hazards are also consolidated into a "combined hazard" category. If a jurisdiction has high risk for any one of the five tracked hazards, it has high "combined hazard" risk. A jurisdiction is "combined hazard" resistant if and only if it is resistant to all of the individual five hazards for which it has high risk. Risk and resistance methodology is described in detail in the BCAT Glossary, accessible at www.fema.gov/bcat. Dataset aims to track Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs), those political subdivisions of a state which adopt and enforce building codes or, in the absence of any state restrictions, could adopt and enforce building codes if they wanted to. These types of jurisdictions primarily tend to be incorporated places and counties (i.e., not statistical entities like Census blocks or tracts or Census Designated Places). The jurisdictional data is rolled up to the county level such that counties fall into one of three categories: fully resistant (meaning all the tracked jurisdictions in that county are resistant to the given hazard(s)), partially resistant (meaning some but not all of the jurisdictions in that county are resistant to the given hazard(s)), and not resistant (meaning none of the tracked jurisdictions in that county are resistant to the given hazard(s)).

Keytruda is projected to stay the top-ranked drug worldwide based on sales in 2025, with some 31 billion U.S. dollars. This statistic displays the expected top drugs in 2025 based on sales projections as of December 2024. It has to be mentioned that Novo Nordisk's brands Ozempic and Wegovy are, in fact, the same drug (generic name semaglutide), where only dosage and dose form define if it is used for diabetes or weight loss. It is very similar in the case of Eli Lilly's Mounjaro and Zepbound which are basically one and the same drug (generic name tirzepatide). Oncology's dominance in pharmaceutical revenues Cancer treatments are becoming increasingly crucial in the pharmaceutical landscape. Keytruda's projected sales for 2025 underscore this trend, while the drug's revenue increased by more than four billion dollars between 2023 and 2024. This growth is part of a larger pattern in global oncology spending, which exceeded 250 billion U.S. dollars globally in 2024, almost doubling from five years earlier. The substantial investment in cancer treatments is likely to continue, with major pharmaceutical companies like Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, and Merck expected to be the oncology market leaders by 2030. Market dynamics and company performance Merck & Co. has seen its overall revenue increase to 64 billion in 2024, driven largely by its oncology franchise. The company's commitment to innovation is evident in its record-high R&D spending in 2023. This focus on research and development is crucial for maintaining competitiveness in the industry, as demonstrated by the changing rankings of top-selling drugs. For instance, AbbVie's Humira, once a blockbuster, dropped out of the top 10 best-selling drugs in 2024 due to patent expiration, highlighting the constant need for pharmaceutical companies to innovate and develop new products to maintain their market position.

IntroductionPeer recovery support services (PRSS) are flexible, evidence-informed interventions that can be provided in a variety of settings and are delivered by credentialed people with lived-experience of mental health and substance use disorders. PRSS are a promising intervention that may increase linkage to care, treatment retention, and long-term recovery; however, there remains a sizable gap in the literature to disseminate these services to scale. Misunderstanding of the peer worker role, and a lack of consistent nomenclature to describe PRSS activities are barriers to studying PRSS effectiveness.MethodsThis sequential exploratory mixed-methods study began with a qualitative and methodological review of a previous peer worker survey instrument by eight subject matter experts with lived experience of substance use disorder. The improved 38-item web-based survey was then disseminated to a non-probability sample of peer workers in nine U.S. states.ResultsA total of 659 peer workers responded to the survey indicating that they perform an average of 24 different service activities most of the time (M = 23.6; SD = 16.7). PRSS interventions were most commonly delivered in communities and neighborhoods, client homes, and recovery community organizations. Survey participants reported spending approximately half of their time (M = 43.1, SD = 26.1) providing Emotional support, and less than one quarter of their time providing Affiliational (M = 21.3%; SD = 18.5), Informational (M = 18.0%; SD = 15.5), and Instrumental (M = 15.0%; SD = 15.3) support.DiscussionThis study may be the first of its kind to explore the broad array of service activities peer workers perform in multiple settings across regional service networks, also known as recovery ecosystems. Notably, peer worker respondents selected an average of 24 activities that they perform most of the time, and Emotional support was the most commonly delivered support type. Study results provide preliminary evidence about where PRSS are performed within both macro and micro settings indicating that services are frequently delivered in non-clinical community-based settings and client homes which may confer added benefit. These results can be used to inform future studies that examine the effectiveness of PRSS across the continuum of care.

The statewide rate of leaving the Republican party is 5.6%, but among the loved ones of opioid overdose victims, that rate 25% higher. The Control columns indicate registered voters matched to cancer and overdose victims’ families. Substantively important differences are bolded.

Multilevel growth models with socio-ecological risk factors as time-varying covariates (TVCs).