Key information about Vietnam Monthly Earnings

• Vietnam Monthly Earnings stood at 339 USD in Dec 2023, compared with the previous figure of 334 USD in Sep 2023
• Vietnam Monthly Earnings data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2011 to Dec 2023, with an average number of 240 USD
• The data reached the an all-time high of 339 USD in Dec 2023 and a record low of 142 USD in Jun 2011

• In the latest reports, Vietnam Population reached 101 million people in Dec 2024
• Unemployment Rate of Vietnam dropped to 2 % in Dec 2024
• The country's Labour Force Participation Rate increased to 68 % in Mar 2022

Introduction

Welcome to the Vietnamese Call Center Speech Dataset for the Telecom domain designed to enhance the development of call center speech recognition models specifically for the Telecom industry. This dataset is meticulously curated to support advanced speech recognition, natural language processing, conversational AI, and generative voice AI algorithms.

Speech Data

This training dataset comprises 30 Hours of call center audio recordings covering various topics and scenarios related to the Telecom domain, designed to build robust and accurate customer service speech technology.

Topic Diversity

This dataset offers a diverse range of conversation topics, call types, and outcomes, including both inbound and outbound calls with positive, neutral, and negative outcomes.

This extensive coverage ensures the dataset includes realistic call center scenarios, which is essential for developing effective customer support speech recognition models.

Transcription

To facilitate your workflow, the dataset includes manual verbatim transcriptions of each call center audio file in JSON format. These transcriptions feature:

These ready-to-use transcriptions accelerate the development of the Telecom domain call center conversational AI and ASR models for the Vietnamese language.

Metadata

The dataset provides comprehensive metadata for each conversation and participant:

As of 2020, there were approximately 6.3 million veterans of the United States military still alive who served during the period of the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1975. Around 8.75 million service personnel served during the war, with 40% of those stationed in Vietnam and the surrounding Southeast Asian countries. Veterans of this conflict reflect the largest cohort of American veterans still alive in terms of service era.

Vietnam War veterans may still suffer from long-term health effects of their service during the war. These range from mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, to health conditions caused by exposure to toxic chemicals used to clear trees and plants in the Vietnamese jungle during the war. Since the signing of the Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017 by President Donald J. Trump, March 29th is designated in the U.S. as National Vietnam War Veterans Day.

Introduction

Welcome to the Vietnamese Wake Word & Command Dataset, meticulously designed to advance the development and accuracy of voice-activated systems. This dataset features an extensive collection of wake words and commands, essential for triggering and interacting with voice assistants and other voice-activated devices. Our dataset ensures these systems respond promptly and accurately to user inputs, enhancing their reliability and user experience.

Speech Data

This training dataset comprises over 20,000 audio recordings of wake words and command phrases designed to build robust and accurate voice assistant speech technology. Each participant recorded 400 recordings in diverse environments and at varying speeds. This dataset contains audio recordings of wake words, as well as wake words followed by commands.

Dataset Diversity

This dataset includes recordings of various types of wake words and commands, in different environments and at different speeds, making it highly diverse.

This extensive coverage ensures the dataset includes realistic scenarios, which is essential for developing effective voice assistant speech recognition models.

Metadata

The dataset provides comprehensive metadata for each audio recording and participant:

Introduction

Welcome to the Vietnamese Call Center Speech Dataset for the Real Estate domain designed to enhance the development of call center speech recognition models specifically for the Real Estate industry. This dataset is meticulously curated to support advanced speech recognition, natural language processing, conversational AI, and generative voice AI algorithms.

Speech Data:

This training dataset comprises 30 Hours of call center audio recordings covering various topics and scenarios related to the Real Estate domain, designed to build robust and accurate customer service speech technology.

Topic Diversity

This dataset offers a diverse range of conversation topics, call types, and outcomes, including both inbound and outbound calls with positive, neutral, and negative outcomes.

This extensive coverage ensures the dataset includes realistic call center scenarios, which is essential for developing effective customer support speech recognition models.

Transcription

To facilitate your workflow, the dataset includes manual verbatim transcriptions of each call center audio file in JSON format. These transcriptions feature:

These ready-to-use transcriptions accelerate the development of the Real Estate domain call center conversational AI and ASR models for the Vietnamese language.

Metadata

The dataset provides comprehensive metadata for each conversation and participant:

This metadata is a powerful tool for understanding and characterizing the data, enabling informed decision-making in the development of Vietnamese call center speech recognition models.

Usage

Introduction

Welcome to the Vietnamese Call Center Speech Dataset for the Retail domain designed to enhance the development of call center speech recognition models specifically for the Retail industry. This dataset is meticulously curated to support advanced speech recognition, natural language processing, conversational AI, and generative voice AI algorithms.

Speech Data

This training dataset comprises 30 hours of call center audio recordings covering various topics and scenarios related to the Retail domain, designed to build robust and accurate customer service speech technology.

Topic Diversity

This dataset offers a diverse range of conversation topics, call types, and outcomes, including both inbound and outbound calls with positive, neutral, and negative outcomes.

This extensive coverage ensures the dataset includes realistic call center scenarios, which is essential for developing effective customer support speech recognition models.

Transcription

To facilitate your workflow, the dataset includes manual verbatim transcriptions of each call center audio file in JSON format. These transcriptions feature:

These ready-to-use transcriptions accelerate the development of the Retail domain call center conversational AI and ASR models for the Vietnamese language.

Metadata

The dataset provides comprehensive metadata for each conversation and participant:

This metadata is a powerful tool for understanding and characterizing the data, enabling informed decision-making in the development of Vietnamese call center

The Fall of Saigon on the 30th of April 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War. The war had been fought by communist forces attempting to overthrow the South Vietnamese state and unite the country under the rule of Communist Party of Vietnam since 1955. From 1964 onward, the U.S. entered the conflict in a full military capacity in an attempt to defend their allied regime in South Vietnam. By 1973, the U.S. had signed a peace deal which both the North and South Vietnamese states were parties to. In spite of this supposed end of hostilities, fighting between the communists and South Vietnam resumed shortly afterwards. The North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong insurgency in the South planned one final offensive for the Spring of 1975 in an attempt to finish the war. Whereas the communist leadership had expected the offensive to take up to two-years, in fact the South Vietnamese state was to last less than two months in the face of the attack. The sudden collapse of the state and military apparatus caught most by surprise, and led to the frantic evacuation of U.S. personnel and citizens, as well as Southern Vietnamese and other allied nationalities, out of Vietnam. The evacuation of Saigon and Operation Frequent Wind Over the course of the month of April 1975, the U.S. Air Force evacuated almost 7,000 U.S. citizens and approximately 45,000 citizens of other countries, mainly South Vietnamese who had worked with the U.S. authorities. As the communist forces advanced towards Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, fear began to spread among supporters and officials of the South Vietnamese regime about how they would be treated if the city were to be captured. Many worried that they would be killed or tortured, leading them to try to flee from the country. At the same time, the U.S. Defense Attaché Office (DAO) began evacuating non-essential personnel at the beginning of the month. The extent of the collapse of the South Vietnamese state became evident with the flight of President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu to Taiwan on April 21st. The Air Force picked up the pace of evacuations in the following days, as more and more people turned up at the DAO's compound, as well as the U.S. embassy, seeking to be flown out of the city by helicopter. Operation Frequent Wind is perhaps the most well remembered of these evacuations, as the U.S. Air Force frantically flew almost 7,000 people out of Saigon on April 29th and 30th. The images broadcast in the media of desperate people crowding into the U.S. embassy in an attempt to get on the last flights out of the city have since become iconic representations of the failure of the United States' intervention in Vietnam to ensure the survival of the South Vietnamese state. The remaining members of the South Vietnamese government surrendered on April 30th, marking the end of almost 20 years of civil war in the country.

Abstract

The Enterprise Survey 2008 was conducted by GSO and its sub-institutions to collect information on enterprises operating in Viet Nam at the end of the year 2007. It is the eighth year of the annual enterprise surveys. All business entities existing at the end of the year were surveyed. Objectives of the survey: - To collect information of enterprises' productive factors (labor, capital, assets,…) and business results in 2007, to assess the situation and capacity of enterprises in different industries and economic sectors. - To collect necessary information for aggregating officially reported indicators in the year 2007 for specialities (number of enterprises, numbers of employees, capital, assets, business result indicators, indicators of the national account such as production value, intermediate cost, value added...) and calculating statistical weights for 2007 as the based year. - To update the enterprise database to meet requirements of statistics of enterprises and other statistics.

Survey Implementation The survey were organized and steered by GSO and principally conducted by Provincial Statistical Offices. Data were gathered by two methods, direct and indirect ones. Details of the two methods and their applicable objects are:

Direct data gathering: enumerators interview respondents directly, ask for data, explanations of circumstance. Based on that, the enumerators fill out the questionnaire. This method is applied for the business environment questionnaire and survey units which have not fully followed accounting standards, unable to self-fill out the questionnaire (small-size enterprises, enterprises under preparation for dissolving, enterprises under investigation,…)

Indirect data gathering: Organization of meeting of chief accountants, accountants or statistical staffs of survey units, or enumerators instruct directly how to fill out the questionnaires as well as information of where to send, how to send, time for sending, so that the survey units fill out the questionnaire on their own and send filled questionnaires to the survey organizer.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Enterprise

Universe

They are enterprises independently keeping business account, they were established and under regulations of the State Enterprise Law, Cooperative Law, Enterprise Law, Foreign Investment Law, began business operation before 1st January 2008 and currently exist. They may include seasonal operation enterprises which did not operate on all 12 months of year 2006, enterprises which suspend operation for renovation investment, repairing, construction, production extension, enterprises which stop operation for merging or dissolving but still have the managerial system for answering questions in the questionnaire (exclude enterprises that do not have the managerial system for answering the questions in the questionnaire).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Enterprise Survey 2008 is conducted according to census and sample survey methods. There are three cases that the sample survey are applied. The first case is for surveying non-state enterprises having less than 10 labors, the second case is for surveying of production and business cost, the third case is for business environment survey. Sample selection of these cases are described as follows:

Sample Selection of non-state enterprises having less than 10 employees for application of the Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN (general questionnaire) (1) The Sampling Frame: The sampling frame is established based on the list of non-state enterprises having less than 10 employees from the Enterprise Survey in the year 2005 (except the enterprises in hotel industry which are all selected). The sampling frame is stratified according to the 2-digit-level industrial classification; in each 2-digit-level industry, enterprises are listed with descending order based on net revenues of production and business in the year 2007. Commercial industry or service industries are stratified into 4-digit-level industries or groups of 4-digit-level industries. (2) Sample selection: The number of non-state enterprises selected for applying the Questionnaire No 1A-DTDN is 15% of enterprises which have less than 10 employees in the list of enterprises from which were collected filled questionnaires in the year 2007. The principle for sample selection is to have reprentativeness of each 2-digit-level industry (for commercial or service industries), representativeness is at 4-digit-level industries or groups of industries in provincies. The selection method is systematic sampling with fixed intervals after a ramdom start. Because the numbers of enterprises having less than 10 employees in provinces, cities are significantly differential, a number of provinces do not have numerous enterprises, no choice of enterprises having less than 10 employees for applying Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN is only done in 15 provinces/cities: they are Lai Chau, Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Bac Kan, Son La, Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, Ninh Thuan, Kon Tum, Dak Nong, Hau Giang.

Sample selection of enterprises which are surveyed for production, business cost (Questionnaire No. 2A-DTDN) (1) Establishing the Sampling Frame The sampling frame is established based on the list of enterprises from which were collected filled questionnaires in the 2007 Enterprise Survey. (2) Sample Selection The sample is representative for 8 regions and 2-digit level economic industries in each region with sample size of about 10000 enterprises (the sample ratio is approximately 10%). Sample allocation to each region or each 2-digit-level economic industry is based on share of production value of each region to that of the whole country and share of each 2-digit-level economic industry in production value of the region. In each 2-digit-level economic industry, enterprises are listed with descending order based on net revenues of production and business in the year 2004. After having number of sample in each region and each 2-digit-level economic industry in the region, sample selection is done for each 2-digit- level industry in regions by systematic sample with fixed interval of K (K= total number of the 2-digit-level industry divided by the allocated sample to the industry) after a random start.

Sample selection of enterprises conducted business environment survey (Questionnaire No. 4- DTDN) The sample for business environment survey is selected to be respresentative for 1-digit-level industries in each province/city with the sample about 10000 enterprises (Approximate 10%).

Sampling deviation

Procedure for selecting enterprises when sampled enterprises When sample enterprises are missing, Statistical Office of Provinces/ Cities have rights to complete the sample with following priority order: - Enterprises in the province/city and the same 4-digit-level industry having the closest net revenue to the missing enterprises in the sample. - Enterprises in the province/city and the same 2-digit-level industry having the closest net revenue to the missing enterprises in the sample. There was no reports of missing cases, however, with the above procedure, it is expected that there is no major deviations from sample design

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There were three general types of questionnaires: 1) Questionnaires for basic indicators about production, business of enterprises; 2) Questionnaire about energy; 3) Questionnaire on business environment. In the first and the second general types of questionnaire, there were several specific questionnnaires for specific enterprises. In the current database, only data collected from the first general type of questionnaire is available.

(1) Questionnaires for basic indicators about production, business of enterprises a. Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN: this questionnaire is to collect information of enterprises in the year 2007 (Applicable to all state enterprises, non-state enterprises having more than 10 employees, 15% of non-state enterprises having less than 10 employees which are selected to be surveyed, all foregin invested enterprises of all industries in the national economy). This questionnaire was filled in for each enterprise as survey object to collect information on screening, labor including labor compensation, activities, production... b. Questionnaire No. 1B-DTDN: this questionnaire is to collect information of enterprises in the year 2007. (Applicable to non-state enteprises having less than 10 employees of all industries in the national economy, but not being selected to be surveyed with Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN). This is short version of question No.1A-DTDN.
c. Questionnaire No. 1C-DTDN: Production, Selling and Inventory of some industrial products in year 2007. (Applicable to all enterprises having industrial activity as the main activity). This questionnaire is to gather information on production, selling and inventory if industrial products.
d. Questionnaire No. 2B-DTDN: Results of financial intermediate and financial assistance activities in year 2007. (Applicable to all enterprises which are credit institution: Banks, financial comparies, people's credit funds... ). Information on detail revenue and cost items and business result of financial intermediate and financial assistance activities were collected with this questionnaire.
e. Questionnaire No 2C- DTDN: Results of insurance activity and insurance brokerage in year 2007. Information on detail revenue and cost items and business result of insurance activity and insurance brokerage

According to a survey on health behaviors, 44 percent of Vietnamese respondents stated that they exercised a lot, very often, moderately, or fairly often. In the same survey, 89 percent of respondents considered themselves very healthy or healthy.

Popular sports and fitness in Vietnam

Sports have been ingrained in Vietnamese culture, even during the French colonial period and the Vietnam war. Football has been the most popular sport among Vietnamese people, both for exercising and as sports content for watching, followed by badminton. Exercises in the form of fitness have been growing in popularity in recent years, with walking, running, and cycling being the most favored fitness activities among people of all ages. Despite the growing number of fitness centers across the country, public parks are still the most favored locations for fitness exercises.

State of health in Vietnam Compared to its neighbors, Vietnam has the lowest prevalence of obesity in the ASEAN region. On the other hand, the rate of obesity in the country has slowly been increasing, partially due to income growth and the rise in convenience and fast-food consumption. At the same time, health-conscious consumers, especially in urban areas, have been switching to perceived healthier food choices, such as plant-based products and organic food items.

Abstract

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular. MICS is capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The Viet Nam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey provides valuable information on the situation of children and women in Viet Nam, and was based, in large part, on the needs to monitor progress towards goals and targets emanating from recent international agreements: the Millennium Declaration, adopted by all 191 United Nations Member States in September 2000, and the Plan of Action of A World Fit For Children, adopted by 189 Member States at the United Nations Special Session on Children in May 2002. Both of these commitments build upon promises made by the international community at the 1990 World Summit for Children.

Survey Objectives: The 2006 Viet Nam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives: - To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Viet Nam; - To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established by the Millennium Development Goals, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; - To provide valuable information for the 3rd and 4th National Report of Vietnam's implementation of the Convention on the child rights in the period 2002-2007 as well as for monitoring the National Plan of Action for Children 2001-2010.
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Viet Nam and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

Survey Content Following the MICS global questionnaire templates, the questionnaires were designed in a modular fashion customized to the needs of Viet Nam. The questionnaires consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker).

Survey Implementation The Viet Nam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was carried by General Statistics Office of Viet Nam (GSO) in collaboration with Viet Nam Committee for Population, Family and Children (VCPFC). Financial and technical support was provided by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Technical assistance and training for the survey was provided through a series of regional workshops organised by UNICEF covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.

Geographic coverage

The survey is nationally representative and covers the whole of Viet Nam.

Analysis unit

Households (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together)

Household members (defined as members of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)

Women aged 15-49

Children aged 0-4

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for the Viet Nam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was designed to provide reliable estimates on a large number of indicators on the situation of children and women at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for 8 regions: Red River Delta, North West, North East, North Central Coast, South Central Coast, Central Highlands, South East, and Mekong River Delta. Regions were identified as the main sampling domains and the sample was selected in two stages. At the first stage 250 census enumeration areas (EA) were selected, of which all 240 EAs of MICS2 with systematic method were reselected and 10 new EAs were added. The addition of 10 more EAs (together with the increase in the sample size) was to increase the reliability level for regional estimates. Consequently, within each region, 30-33 EAs were selected for MICS3. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a systematic sample of 1/3 of households in each EA was drawn. The survey managed to visit all of 250 selected EAs during the fieldwork period. The sample was stratified by region and is not self-weighting. For reporting national level results, sample weights are used. A more detailed description of the sample design can be found in the technical documents and in Appendix A of the final report.

Sampling deviation

No major deviations from the original sample design were made. All sample enumeration areas were accessed and successfully interviewed with good response rates.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The questionnaires are based on the MICS3 model questionnaire. From the MICS3 model English version, the questionnaires were translated in to Vietnamese and were pretested in one province (Bac Giang) during July 2006. Based on the results of this pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

Cleaning operations

Data processing began simultaneously with data collection in September, 2006 and was completed in April, 2007.

Data were processed in clusters, with each cluster being processed as a complete unit through each stage of data processing. Each cluster goes through the following steps: 1) Questionnaire reception 2) Office editing and coding 3) Data entry 4) Structure and completeness checking 5) Verification entry 6) Comparison of verification data 7) Back up of raw data 8) Secondary editing 9) Edited data back up After all clusters are processed, all data is concatenated together and then the following steps are completed for all data files: 10) Export to SPSS in 4 files (hh - household, hl - household members, wm - women, ch - children under 5) 11) Recoding of variables needed for analysis 12) Adding of sample weights 13) Calculation of wealth quintiles and merging into data 14) Structural checking of SPSS files 15) Data quality tabulations 16) Production of analysis tabulations

Details of each of these steps can be found in the data processing documentation, data editing guidelines, data processing programs in CSPro and SPSS, and tabulation guidelines in the MICS manual http://www.childinfo.org/mics/mics3/manual.php

Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing (see Other processing), including: a) Office editing and coding b) During data entry c) Structure checking and completeness d) Secondary editing e) Structural checking of SPSS data files

Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the data processing guidelines in the MICS manual http://www.childinfo.org/mics/mics3/manual.php.

Response rate

8356 households were selected for the sample. Of these all were found to be occupied households and 8355 were successfully interviewed for a response rate of 100%. Within these households, 10063 eligible women aged 15-49 were identified for interview, of which 9473 were successfully interviewed (response rate 94.1%), and 2707 children aged 0-4 were identified for whom the mother or caretaker was successfully interviewed for 2680 children (response rate 99%).

Sampling error estimates

Estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) non-sampling errors and 2) sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in the implementation of data collection and data processing. Numerous efforts were made during implementation of the MICS - 3 to minimize this type of error, however, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents to the MICS - 3 is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that different somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability in the results of the survey between all possible samples, and, although, the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results. The sampling errors are measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean or percentage), which is the square root of the variance. Confidence intervals are calculated for each statistic within which the true value for the population can be assumed to fall. Plus or minus two standard errors of the statistic is used for key statistics presented in MICS, equivalent to a 95 percent confidence interval.

If the sample of respondents had been a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulae for calculating sampling errors. However, the MICS - 3 sample is the result of a two-stage stratified design, and consequently needs to use more complex formulae. The SPSS complex samples module has been used to calculate sampling errors for the MICS - 3. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. This method is

The United States military conscripted approximately 1.9 million service personnel into their ranks over the course of the Vietnam War. Commonly known as the draft, conscription had been conducted in the U.S. through the Selective Service System (SSS) since 1917. Initially, the draft was conducted using a random ballot by the SSS. When a person was called up by the draft, they had to report to their local draft board to evaluate their draft status. The various exemptions which draft-eligible men could use to avoid service, such as still being in university education or being medically unfit, were thought to allow better-connected and middle class men to evade the draft more easily than working class or minority men. The SSS responded to criticism of the draft system by conducting draft lotteries beginning in 1969. These draft lotteries were conducted based on birth dates, with the probability of conscription being higher for those men with birth dates which were selected earlier in the lottery. The lotteries were televised events, with millions of Americans tuning in. Opposition and the end of the draft
Conscription fueled anti-war attitudes among the public in the United States, particularly among young men eligible for service and student protesters on university campuses. Anti-war student groups began to organize events where students were encouraged to burn their draft cards in an act of defiance. Resistance to the draft grew throughout the conflict, with more people filing as conscientious objectors to the war in 1972 than actual inductees via the draft. Some of those who could not evade being drafted through the various exemptions available chose to flee the United States to countries such as Canada. Recent estimates suggest up to 100,000 men left the U.S. during this period for this reason. Due to the draft's role in driving anti-war sentiment, civil disobedience making its use untenable, and growing evidence that an all-volunteer military would be more effective, Richard Nixon campaigned in the 1968 presidential election to abolish the draft. The draft was finally ended in 1973, with the last conscripted men entering the U.S. military on June 30 of that year.

In 2023, the value of the state investment in the construction sector amounted to 34.04 trillion Vietnamese dong in Vietnam. In that year, the total investment amount into this sector reached over 158.78 trillion Vietnamese dong. Construction is among the leading contributors of GDP in Vietnam, as well as one of the industries employing the most people in the country.

In 2023, there were around 1.5 billion people worldwide who spoke English either natively or as a second language, slightly more than the 1.1 billion Mandarin Chinese speakers at the time of survey. Hindi and Spanish accounted for the third and fourth most widespread languages that year.

Languages in the United States The United States does not have an official language, but the country uses English, specifically American English, for legislation, regulation and other official pronouncements. The United States is a land of immigrations and the languages spoken in the United States vary as a result of the multi-cultural population. The second most common language spoken in the United States is Spanish or Spanish Creole, which over 41 million people spoke at home in 2021. There were also 3.5 million Chinese speakers (including both Mandarin and Cantonese),1.7 million Tagalog speakers and 1.5 million Vietnamese speakers counted in the United States that year.

Different languages at home The percentage of people in the United States speaking a language other than English at home varies from state to state. The state with the highest percentage of population speaking a language other than English is California. About 44 percent of California’s population was speaking a language other than English at home in 2021.

The United States military has a long history of ethnic minorities serving in its ranks, with black Americans having served as far back as the Revolutionary War. The Vietnam War took place during a period of changing race relations in the United States, with the Civil Rights Movement reaching its peak in the mid-1960s, and this too was reflected in the military. The Vietnam War was the first major conflict in which black and white troops were not formally segregated, however, discrimination did still occur with black soldiers reporting being subject to overt racism, being unjustly punished, and having fewer promotion opportunities than their white counterparts.

In the early phases of the war, black casualty rates were much higher than for other races and ethnicities, with some reports showing that black soldiers accounted for 25 percent of the casualties recorded in 1965. This declined substantially as the war progressed, however, the proportion of black service personnel among those fallen during the war was still disproportionately high, as black personnel comprised only 11 percent of the military during this era. A smaller number of other ethnic minorities were killed during the war, comprising two percent of the total.

This statistics shows the leading metropolitan areas in the United States in 2023 with the highest percentage of Asian population. Among the 81 largest metropolitan areas, Urban Honolulu, Hawaii was ranked first with 61.6 percent of residents reporting as Asian in 2023.

In 2022, the total population of all ASEAN states amounted to an estimated 673.02 million inhabitants. The ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) member countries are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

ASEAN opportunity

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded by five states (Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore) in 1967 to improve economic and political stability and social progress among the member states. It was originally modelled after the European Union. Nowadays, after accepting more members, their agenda also includes an improvement of cultural and environmental conditions. ASEAN is now an important player on the global stage with numerous alliances and business partners, as well as more contenders wanting to join.

The major player in the South

Indonesia is not only a founding member of ASEAN, it is also its biggest contributor in terms of gross domestic product and is also one of the member states with a positive trade balance. In addition, it has the highest number of inhabitants by far. About a third of all people in the ASEAN live in Indonesia – and it is also one of the most populous countries worldwide. Among the ASEAN members, it is certainly the most powerful one, not just in numbers, but mostly due to its stable and thriving economy.

The total consumer spending on education in Vietnam was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 7 billion U.S. dollars (+49.38 percent). After the fifteenth consecutive increasing year, the education-related spending is estimated to reach 21.2 billion U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. Notably, the total consumer spending on education of was continuously increasing over the past years.Consumer spending, in this case eduction-related spending, refers to the domestic demand of private households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Spending by corporations and the state is not included. The forecast has been adjusted for the expected impact of COVID-19.Consumer spending is the biggest component of the gross domestic product as computed on an expenditure basis in the context of national accounts. The other components in this approach are consumption expenditure of the state, gross domestic investment as well as the net exports of goods and services. Consumer spending is broken down according to the United Nations' Classification of Individual Consumption By Purpose (COICOP). The shown data adheres broadly to group tenth As not all countries and regions report data in a harmonized way, all data shown here has been processed by Statista to allow the greatest level of comparability possible. The underlying input data are usually household budget surveys conducted by government agencies that track spending of selected households over a given period.The data is shown in nominal terms which means that monetary data is valued at prices of the respective year and has not been adjusted for inflation. For future years the price level has been projected as well. The data has been converted from local currencies to US$ using the average exchange rate of the respective year. For forecast years, the exchange rate has been projected as well. The timelines therefore incorporate currency effects.Find more key insights for the total consumer spending on education in countries like Laos and Singapore.

As of November 2024, the Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV), a state-owned financial institution, was the leading bank in Vietnam, with approximately 2.6 thousand trillion Vietnamese dong worth of assets. Fellow state-owned Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank For Industry and Trade (Vietinbank) ranked second in terms of assets, followed by the Joint Stock Commercial Bank For Foreign Trade Of Vietnam (Vietcombank), at 2.2 and 1.9 thousand trillion Vietnamese dong, respectively. Vietnamese financial institution system The central bank in Vietnam is the State Bank of Vietnam, which also serves as the main regulatory institution of the country’s banking system. Commercial banks are the most prevalent type of banking institutions in Vietnam, including state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, joint-venture banks, and wholly foreign-owned banks. State-owned banks led in terms of total assets and also outperformed other banking models in return on equity in 2024. Digital banking on the rise Many consumers in Vietnam still seem to have a stronger preference for traditional banks, as traditional banks are usually associated with trust, reputation, and good customer service, which Vietnamese consumers hold high regard for. As the country is considered quite late in digitalizing the banking system, there remains plenty of room for digital banking to grow in Vietnam. The internet and mobile banking boom during the COVID-19 pandemic is evidence of substantial growth potential, especially among tech-savvy younger generations. In addition to that, the number of FinTech users in Vietnam is also expected to double in seven years.

In 2022, Viettel held a market share of approximately 56.4 percent among all terrestrial mobile-cellular service providers in Vietnam, making it the country’s leading provider of this service. Accounting for around 21 percent of the market share, Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (VNPT) followed as the second-largest provider. In total, the two state-owned corporations made up approximately 77 percent of the market share in this segment. Mobile internet usage in Vietnam Vietnam has one of the highest smartphone penetration rates in the world. Due to their undeniable convenience, smartphones have become an indispensable part of the daily lives of Vietnamese people. These devices serve various purposes, from connecting people to work, study, and entertainment purposes, including watching movies, live streaming, or playing online games. Hence, the number of mobile internet users in the country has been steadily increasing since 2019. By 2028, the number of mobile internet users in Vietnam is expected to reach over 85 million, with 100 percent internet coverage throughout the country. The future of the internet landscape in Vietnam Although there is still room for improvement in Vietnam’s internet infrastructure, the country’s government has been making substantial efforts to enhance internet quality and drive digitalization. Specifically, the 2030 National Digital Transformation Program focuses on three pillars: Digital Government, Digital Economy, and Digital Society, in which the strategy of "moving to the cloud" is considered crucial in enabling businesses to thrive in the digital economy. Being one of the largest state-owned firms, Viettel has played a significant role in Vietnam’s technology sector, offering telecommunication and information technology services, manufacturing electronic and telecommunications equipment, and providing cybersecurity and digital services. In 2023, Viettel ranked first among the ten most valuable brands of Vietnam, with a brand value of approximately 8.9 billion U.S. dollars.

While fighting the war in Vietnam against the communist forces of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, the United States military was forced to adapt its tactics drastically compared to those used in previous, conventional conflicts. One of the largest problems the U.S. forces faced was that they were fighting an insurgency which used the vast, impenetrable Vietnamese jungle as a hideout. In order to uncover the positions of the Viet Cong in heavily forested areas and to limit their ability to provide themselves with food supplies, the U.S. air force engaged in a campaign of mass deforestation and destruction of agricultural crops, using chemicals referred to as the "rainbow herbicides". Operation Ranch Hand and its lasting effects Between 1962 and 1971, the air force dropped approximately 18.85 million gallons of these herbicides in Vietnam, with the most common and widely known chemical being Agent Orange. In the years since the war, many Vietnamese people, as well as the U.S. servicemembers involved in the operation, suffered severe health effects from exposure to the chemicals. The government of Vietnam claims that as many as 3 million of its citizens have suffered illnesses from the use of herbicides during the war, while the U.S. department of Veteran Affairs has received over 40,000 related disability claims. The chemicals also have had a lasting ecological impact in Southeast Asia, as approximately 18 percent of the forested are of Vietnam was sprayed with rainbow herbicides. Biologists have subsequently noted negative effects on animal and plant diversity in the affected areas.