Question Paper Solutions of chapter Introduction to Statistics & Probability of Numerical and Statistical Analysis, 2nd Semester , Master of Computer Applications (2 Years)

Question Paper Solutions of Statistics (ST),Question Paper,Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering,Competitive Exams

This dataset contains the Department of Finance Performance Statistics on Assembly Written Questions .

Measuring the quality of Question Answering (QA) systems is a crucial task to validate the results of novel approaches. However, there are already indicators of a reproducibility crisis as many published systems have used outdated datasets or use subsets of QA benchmarks, making it hard to compare results. We identified the following core problems: there is no standard data format, instead, proprietary data representations are used by the different partly inconsistent datasets; additionally, the characteristics of datasets are typically not reflected by the dataset maintainers nor by the system publishers. To overcome these problems, we established an ontology---Question Answering Dataset Ontology (QADO)---for representing the QA datasets in RDF. The following datasets were mapped into the ontology: the QALD series, LC-QuAD series, RuBQ series, ComplexWebQuestions, and Mintaka. Hence, the integrated data in QADO covers widely used datasets and multilinguality. Additionally, we did intensive analyses of the datasets to identify their characteristics to make it easier for researchers to identify specific research questions and to select well-defined subsets. The provided resource will enable the research community to improve the quality of their research and support the reproducibility of experiments.

Here, the mapping results of the QADO process, the SPARQL queries for data analytics, and the archived analytics results file are provided.

Up-to-date statistics can be created automatically by the script provided at the corresponding QADO GitHub RDFizer repository.

Get statistical information relating to notices of questions received, processed and replied by ministry / departments in Rajya Sabha. It contains various kind of information which have been compiled from statistics relating to Questions dealt with during the Session.

Full edition for public use. These data come from a telephone survey of Haitian adults conducted April-June 2020. The study considers whether placing questions about a salient topic (COVID-19) decreases breakoff rates. The overall survey is concerned with democratic attitudes, but this dataset includes only those variables relevant to the paper in Survey Methods: Insights from the Field.

Descriptive and inferential statistics are taught to students in many disciplines. More classroom time is often spent on the theory behind different statistical methods that investigate relationships between variables rather than on how to interpret the results obtained to answer the research question that started the process. While statistical software (such as R, Stata, and SPSS) has made it easier to undertake regression with any dataset, the output produced remains challenging to understand and explain to intended audiences. To address this issue, the author created a 90-minute workshop that teaches students how to read tables of descriptive statistics and linear regression results produced by statistical software. The workshop has been taught each semester at the author’s institution since its creation in the Fall 2022 term, attracting a predominantly graduate student audience. Feedback has been positive thus far, with student requests for additional workshops on reading the results of different statistical models, such as logistic and count regression. Through an explanation of the process and the resources used, this presentation will provide a practical overview of how librarians can teach others how to read descriptive statistics and regression results using a research question and their own experiences working with data to guide them. It will include steps to prepare for designing a statistical literacy workshop. The aim of this presentation is to provide ideas that will help librarians move towards teaching a statistical literacy workshop at their own institutions or help them expand their teaching activities in this area.

Research questions, predictions from hypotheses, and statistical approaches to testing each.

Question Paper Solutions of year 2021 of Statistics, Question Paper , Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering

We study a nonparametric test procedure based on order statistics for testing the null hypothesis of equality of two continuous distributions. The exact null distribution of the proposed test statistic is obtained using an enumeration method and a novel combinatorial argument. A recurrence relation for the probability generating function and a sequential approach for computing the mean and variance of the distribution are given. Critical values and characteristics of the distribution for selected small sample sizes are presented. For the Lehmann alternative family, the exact power function of the new test is derived, and its power performance is examined. We also study the power performance of the proposed test under the location-shift and scale-shift alternatives using Monte Carlo simulations and observe its superior performance when compared to commonly used nonparametric tests under various scenarios. A generalization of the proposed procedure for unequal sample sizes is discussed. An illustrative example and some concluding remarks are provided.

This dataset contains the Department of Justice Performance Statistics on Assembly Written Questions

Aggregate statistics of the answer rate of questions in each site.

Abstract

The JPFHS is part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys Program, which is designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. The primary objective of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS) is to provide reliable estimates of demographic parameters, such as fertility, mortality, family planning, fertility preferences, as well as maternal and child health and nutrition that can be used by program managers and policy makers to evaluate and improve existing programs. In addition, the JPFHS data will be useful to researchers and scholars interested in analyzing demographic trends in Jordan, as well as those conducting comparative, regional or crossnational studies.

The content of the 2002 JPFHS was significantly expanded from the 1997 survey to include additional questions on women’s status, reproductive health, and family planning. In addition, all women age 15-49 and children less than five years of age were tested for anemia.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) nonsampling errors and 2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the result of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2002 JPFHS to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2002 JPFHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2002 JPFHS sample is the result of a multistage stratified design and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2002 JPFHS is the ISSA Sampling Error Module (ISSAS). This module used the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

The 2002 JPFHS used two questionnaires – namely, the Household Questionnaire and the Individual Questionnaire. Both questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Arabic. The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of the sampled households and to obtain information on each member’s age, sex, educational attainment, relationship to the head of household, and marital status. In addition, questions were included on the socioeconomic characteristics of the household, such as source of water, sanitation facilities, and the availability of durable goods. The Household Questionnaire was also used to identify women who are eligible for the individual interview: ever-married women age 15-49. In addition, all women age 15-49 and children under five years living in the household were measured to determine nutritional status and tested for anemia.

The household and women’s questionnaires were based on the DHS Model “A” Questionnaire, which is designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Additions and modifications to the model questionnaire were made in order to provide detailed information specific to Jordan, using experience gained from the 1990 and 1997 Jordan Population and Family Health Surveys. For each evermarried woman age 15 to 49, information on the following topics was collected:

1. Respondent’s background
2. Birth history
3. Knowledge and practice of family planning
4. Maternal care, breastfeeding, immunization, and health of children under five years of age
5. Marriage
6. Fertility preferences
7. Husband’s background and respondent’s employment
8. Knowledge of AIDS and STIs

In addition, information on births and pregnancies, contraceptive use and discontinuation, and marriage during the five years prior to the survey was collected using a monthly calendar.

Cleaning operations

Fieldwork and data processing activities overlapped. After a week of data collection, and after field editing of questionnaires for completeness and consistency, the questionnaires for each cluster were packaged together and sent to the central office in Amman where they were registered and stored. Special teams were formed to carry out office editing and coding of the open-ended questions.

Data entry and verification started after one week of office data processing. The process of data entry, including one hundred percent re-entry, editing and cleaning, was done by using PCs and the CSPro (Census and Survey Processing) computer package, developed specially for such surveys. The CSPro program allows data to be edited while being entered. Data processing operations were completed by the end of October 2002. A data processing specialist from ORC Macro made a trip to Jordan in October and November 2002 to follow up data editing and cleaning and to work on the tabulation of results for the survey preliminary report. The tabulations for the present final report were completed in December 2002.

Response rate

A total of 7,968 households were selected for the survey from the sampling frame; among those selected households, 7,907 households were found. Of those households, 7,825 (99 percent) were successfully interviewed. In those households, 6,151 eligible women were identified, and complete interviews were obtained with 6,006 of them (98 percent of all eligible women). The overall response rate was 97 percent.

Note: See summarized response rates by place of residence in Table 1.1 of the survey report.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) nonsampling errors and 2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the result of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2002 JPFHS to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2002 JPFHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2002 JPFHS sample is the result of a multistage stratified design and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2002 JPFHS is the ISSA Sampling Error Module (ISSAS). This module used the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

Note: See detailed

Questions asked by library patrons and responded to by library staff. This assistance may be requested in person or remotely and from a variety of public desks. Data is provided by a monthly administration report created by the Library and Recreation Services management staff.

The solutions of mysteries can lead to salvation for those on the reference desk dealing with business students or difficult questions.

See also figures 4 and 5 for trends and values.†One-way ANOVA with Tukey's-HSD post-hoc test‡Simple linear regression*Kruskal-Wallis test**nested ANOVA (canopy nested within site)

This dataset contains the Department of Finance Performance Statistics on Assembly Written Questions .

Handling situation of doubts about past test questions.

Some conjectures and open problems in convex geometry are presented, and their physical origin, meaning, and importance for quantum theory and generic statistical theories are briefly discussed.