In 2023, there were about 15.09 million children living with a single mother in the United States, and about 3.05 million children living with a single father. The number of children living with a single mother is down from its peak in 2012, and the number of children living with a single father is down from its peak in 2005.

Marriage and divorce in the United States

Despite popular opinion in the United States that “half of all marriages end in divorce,” the divorce rate in the U.S. has fallen significantly since 1992. The marriage rate, which has also been decreasing since the 1990s, was still higher than the divorce rate in 2021. Half of all marriages may not end in divorce, but it does seem that fewer people are choosing to get married in the first place.

New family structures

In addition to a falling marriage rate, fewer people in the U.S. have children under the age of 18 living in the house in comparison to 1970. Over the past decade, the share of families with children under 18, whether that be married couples or single parents, has stayed mostly steady, although the number of births in the U.S. has also fallen.

Many studies during the past 50 years have found an association between father absence and earlier menarche. In connection with these findings, several evolutionary theories assume that father absence is a causal factor accelerating reproductive development. However, a recent study analysing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) found that father absence does not predict age at menarche when adjusted for sibling relatedness. In this study, we have replicated these results in the Czech section of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC), which used the same questionnaires as ALSPAC to study a geographically distinct population. Our results support the conclusion that sibling relatedness rather than father absence predicts age at menarche. Furthermore, our results show that age at menarche in 1990s UK and Czech cohorts is very similar despite socioeconomic differences between the two countries.

The statistic shows the opinion on which are the main problems in the relations between parents and children in Italy in 2017. According to data, over 25 percent of respondents believed that the loss of the value of family was the biggest problem in the parent-child relations, followed by the absence of communication (over 24 percent).

About 13.2 percent of households in Nigeria had, as of 2018, children being raised with neither their mother nor their father present. In addition, 7.3 percent of all households had children with one dead parent and an unknown survival status of the other parent.

(BSRI = Bem Sex Role Inventory; AQ = Aggression Questionnaire; FSS = Fear Survey Schedule; BIS = Barratt Impulsivity Scale.) Ns represent the number of participants providing data for each item/subscale.

Identify households with absent parents and provide data on child support arrangements, visitation rights of absent parent, amount and frequency of actual versus awarded child support, and health insurance coverage. Data are also provided on why child support was not received or awarded. April data will be matched to March data.

According to a survey conducted in 2023, ** percent of parents in the United States said that they faced challenges finding high-quality, affordable childcare or after-school care, while ** percent said that they have experienced being late or absent from work due to lack of childcare.

The 1991 Census Basic Community profiles present 57 tables containing summary characteristics of persons and/or dwellings for Statistical Local Areas (SLA) in Australia. This table contains data relating to family type by number of dependent offspring (usually resident (a)) by annual parental income. Counts are of families with offspring, based on place of enumeration on census night which excludes adjustment for under-enumeration however in determining family and household type visitors to dwellings are excluded and usual residents who are temporarily absent are included. The data is by SLA 1991 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. This data is ABS data (cat. no. 2101.0 & original geographic boundary cat. no. 1261.0.30.001) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The tabular data was processed and supplied to AURIN by the Australian Data Archives. The cleaned, high resolution 1991 geographic boundaries are available from data.gov.au. For more information please refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary. Please note: (a) A maximum of 3 temporarily absent dependent offspring can be counted in each household. (b) Comprises two parent families where a parent present did not state their income or a parent was temporarily absent. (c) Comprises cases where in a two parent family, both parents did not state their income or were temporarily absent; origin a one parent family, the parent did not state their income or was temporarily absent.

The 1991 Census Expanded Community Profiles present 44 tables comprising more detailed information than that of the basic community profiles which provide characteristics of persons and/or dwellings for Statistical Local Areas (SLA) in Australia. This table contains data relating to family type by birthplace of parent(s) by age of offspring. Counts are of offspring counted at home on census night, based on place of enumeration on census night which; excludes Australians overseas; and excludes adjustment for under-enumeration. The data is by SLA 1991 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. This data is ABS data (cat. no. 2101.0 & original geographic boundary cat. no. 1261.0.30.001) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The tabular data was processed and supplied to AURIN by the Australian Data Archives. The cleaned, high resolution 1991 geographic boundaries are available from data.gov.au. For more information please refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary. Please note: (a) Comprises England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Ireland, South Africa, Canada, USA and New Zealand. (b) Comprises offspring where the birthplace of one or both parents was not stated or a parent was temporarily absent.

LGA based data for Proficiency in Spoken English of Parents by Age of Dependent Children, in General Community Profile (GCP), 2016 Census. Count of dependent children in couple families. Comprises children aged under 15 years and dependent students aged 15-24 years, who were present in the household on Census Night. Excludes same-sex couples. Excludes couple families where the husband/wife or de facto partner was temporarily absent on Census Night. G12 is broken up into 2 sections (G12a - …Show full descriptionLGA based data for Proficiency in Spoken English of Parents by Age of Dependent Children, in General Community Profile (GCP), 2016 Census. Count of dependent children in couple families. Comprises children aged under 15 years and dependent students aged 15-24 years, who were present in the household on Census Night. Excludes same-sex couples. Excludes couple families where the husband/wife or de facto partner was temporarily absent on Census Night. G12 is broken up into 2 sections (G12a - G12b), this section contains 'Child 15-17 years female parent Speaks English only male parent Speaks other language and speaks English total' - 'Total Child female parent Total male parent Total'. The data is by LGA 2016 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. Note: There are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. For more information visit the data source: http://www.abs.gov.au/census. Copyright attribution: Government of the Commonwealth of Australia - Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2017): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/16/2021. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia (CC BY 2.5 AU)

The 1991 Census Expanded Community Profiles present 44 tables comprising more detailed information than that of the basic community profiles which provide characteristics of persons and/or dwellings for Statistical Local Areas (SLA) in Australia. This table contains data relating to family type by number of dependent offspring (usually resident) by annual parental income. Counts are of families with offspring, based on place of enumeration on census night which; includes overseas visitors; excludes Australians overseas; and excludes adjustment for under-enumeration. The data is by SLA 1991 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. This data is ABS data (cat. no. 2101.0 & original geographic boundary cat. no. 1261.0.30.001) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The tabular data was processed and supplied to AURIN by the Australian Data Archives. The cleaned, high resolution 1991 geographic boundaries are available from data.gov.au. For more information please refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary. Please note:

(a) A maximum of 3 temporarily absent dependent offspring can be counted in each household.

(b) Comprises two parent families where a parent present did not state their income or a parent was temporarily absent

(c) Comprises cases where in a two parent family, both parents did not state their income or were temporarily absent; or in a one parent family, the parent did not state his/her income or was temporarily absent.

The 1991 Census Expanded Community Profiles present 44 tables comprising more detailed information than that of the basic community profiles which provide characteristics of persons and/or dwellings for Local Government Areas (LGA) in Australia. This table contains data relating to family type by labour force status (part-time/full-time) of parent(s)/partners by annual family income. Counts are of one and two parent families, and couples without offspring, based on place of enumeration on census night which; includes overseas visitors; excludes Australians overseas; and excludes adjustment for under-enumeration. The data is by LGA 1991 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. This data is ABS data (cat. no. 2101.0 & original geographic boundary cat. no. 1261.0.30.001) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The tabular data was processed and supplied to AURIN by the Australian Data Archives. The cleaned, high resolution 1991 geographic boundaries are available from data.gov.au. For more information please refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary. Please note: (a) Full time is defined as having worked 35 hours or more in the main job held last week. (b) Comprises families where at least one, but not all, member(s) aged 15 years or more did not state an income and/or at least one spouse or offspring was temporarily absent. (c) Comprises families where no members presentstated an income. (d) Comprises families where the sole parent or both parents/partners in the couple were unemployed or not in the labour force. (e) Comprises families where one parent/partner was employed and stated his/her hours worked and the other parent/partner was either unemployed or not in the labour force. (f) Comprises families where one or both parents/partners did not state his/her labour force status and/or hours worked or a parent/partner was temporarily absent.

SA1 based data for Age of Dependent Children, and Proficiency in Spoken English/Language of parents, for 2011 Census. Count of dependent children in couple families. Excludes same-sex couples. Excludes couple families where the husband/wife or de facto partner was temporarily absent on Census Night. Comprises children aged under 15 years and dependent students aged 15-24 years, who were present in the household on Census Night. Data sourced from: http://www.abs.gov.au/census. For further …Show full descriptionSA1 based data for Age of Dependent Children, and Proficiency in Spoken English/Language of parents, for 2011 Census. Count of dependent children in couple families. Excludes same-sex couples. Excludes couple families where the husband/wife or de facto partner was temporarily absent on Census Night. Comprises children aged under 15 years and dependent students aged 15-24 years, who were present in the household on Census Night. Data sourced from: http://www.abs.gov.au/census. For further information about these and related statistics, contact the National Information and Referral Services on 1300 135 070. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. Copyright attribution: Government of the Commonwealth of Australia - Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2011): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/16/2021. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia (CC BY 2.5 AU)

GCCSA based data for Family Blending, in General Community Profile (GCP), 2016 Census. Count of couple families with children. Classifies couple families based on the parent-child relationships within them. Temporarily absent children are taken into consideration when classifying families. Excludes 'Couple families with no children', 'One parent families' and 'Other families'. Excludes families in: 'Non-family/Non-classifiable households', 'Non-private dwellings' and 'Migratory, off-shore and …Show full descriptionGCCSA based data for Family Blending, in General Community Profile (GCP), 2016 Census. Count of couple families with children. Classifies couple families based on the parent-child relationships within them. Temporarily absent children are taken into consideration when classifying families. Excludes 'Couple families with no children', 'One parent families' and 'Other families'. Excludes families in: 'Non-family/Non-classifiable households', 'Non-private dwellings' and 'Migratory, off-shore and shipping' SA1s. Excludes overseas visitors. The data is by GCCSA 2016 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly. Note: There are small random adjustments made to all cell values to protect the confidentiality of data. These adjustments may cause the sum of rows or columns to differ by small amounts from table totals. For more information visit the data source: http://www.abs.gov.au/census. Copyright attribution: Government of the Commonwealth of Australia - Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2017): ; accessed from AURIN on 12/16/2021. Licence type: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia (CC BY 2.5 AU)

Descriptive statistics and correlations between key variables.

The 1991 Census Expanded Community Profiles present 44 tables comprising more detailed information than that of the basic community profiles which provide characteristics of persons and/or dwellings for Local Government Areas (LGA) in Australia.

This table contains data relating to family type by labour force status (part-time/full-time) of parent(s)/partners by annual family income. Counts are of one and two parent families, and couples without offspring, based on place of enumeration on census night which; includes overseas visitors; excludes Australians overseas; and excludes adjustment for under-enumeration. The data is by LGA 1991 boundaries. Periodicity: 5-Yearly.

This data is ABS data (cat. no. 2101.0 & original geographic boundary cat. no. 1261.0.30.001) used with permission from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The tabular data was processed and supplied to AURIN by the Australian Data Archives. The cleaned, high resolution 1991 geographic boundaries are available from data.gov.au.

For more information please refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary.

Please note:

• (a) Full time is defined as having worked 35 hours or more in the main job held last week.

• (b) Comprises families where at least one, but not all, member(s) aged 15 years or more did not state an income and/or at least one spouse or offspring was temporarily absent.

• (c) Comprises families where no members presentstated an income.

• (d) Comprises families where the sole parent or both parents/partners in the couple were unemployed or not in the labour force.

• (e) Comprises families where one parent/partner was employed and stated his/her hours worked and the other parent/partner was either unemployed or not in the labour force.

• (f) Comprises families where one or both parents/partners did not state his/her labour force status and/or hours worked or a parent/partner was temporarily absent.

Parenting programs have primarily focused on supporting mothers with knowledge and practice of responsive caregiving. However, the role of non-primary caregivers such as grandparents, aunts, and older siblings has not been adequately addressed in programming. Using ChildFund International’s programmatic data from Kenya and Uganda, this cross-sectional study examined the extent to which children aged 0–5 years were left in the care of non-primary caregivers in the household and whether the primary caregivers’ absence was associated with engagement by non-primary caregivers. We found that a considerable proportion of children aged 0–5 years in Kenya and Uganda were entrusted in the care of non-primary caregivers for at least 3 days or more during the week. Yet, the primary caregivers’ absence was not consistently associated with greater engagement by fathers and other members of the household. Our findings call for parenting programs to consider adopting a holistic and contextualized approach where all involved caregivers are intentionally targeted rather than focusing just on the identified primary caregiver alone.

BackgroundAssessing parental satisfaction with healthcare services is crucial, particularly for parents and their children, who are the primary recipients of these services. In the context of Arabic-speaking parents, there is a notable absence of survey instruments tailored to measure their satisfaction. This study seeks to address this gap by validating a survey designed to evaluate parental satisfaction with rehabilitation services (RSs) provided to Jordanian children who have received cochlear implants (CIs).MethodsThe study included 92 participants and followed a four-step methodology: 1) a literature review and expert input; 2) cognitive interviews, pilot testing, and test-retest reliability testing; 3) data collection; 4) validity and reliability assessments.ResultsThe survey’s validity was confirmed. Expert input and cognitive interviews improved content validity, and factor analysis established construct validity by revealing six factors explaining 82.33% of the variance in the survey scale. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed (composite reliability >0.7 and average variance extracted value >0.5). Cronbach’s α exceeded 0.8 for each factor and reached 0.855 for the total scale. Survey results showed reliance on speech therapy and audiology, varied rehabilitation durations, and progress. Parents expressed overall satisfaction, particularly influenced by technical quality and efficacy/outcome dimensions. Parents’ recommendations to enhance satisfaction with RSs included financial support, improved service accessibility, enhanced service delivery, specialized education, and increased public awareness.ConclusionThis study validates an Arabic satisfaction survey, emphasizing the significance of multidisciplinary, extended rehabilitation programs, skilled professionals, and positive outcomes. It emphasizes the necessity for improved access to specialized care and collaboration among healthcare, government, and media to shape parental perceptions of RSs. While the findings indicate overall satisfaction, they also reveal challenges faced by parents, highlighting the need for comprehensive support systems. These insights assist healthcare providers and policymakers in enhancing care quality and meeting the needs of CI children’s families, thereby improving the RSs experience in Jordan.

There were 487,344 penalty notices issued to parents for unauthorized school absence in England during the 2023/24 academic year, the highest during this time period. The vast majority of these fines were related to unauthorized family holiday absence, with just over 44,000 for arriving late or other reasons.