Related article: Bergroth, C., Järv, O., Tenkanen, H., Manninen, M., Toivonen, T., 2022. A 24-hour population distribution dataset based on mobile phone data from Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. Scientific Data 9, 39.

In this dataset:

We present temporally dynamic population distribution data from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland, at the level of 250 m by 250 m statistical grid cells. Three hourly population distribution datasets are provided for regular workdays (Mon – Thu), Saturdays and Sundays. The data are based on aggregated mobile phone data collected by the biggest mobile network operator in Finland. Mobile phone data are assigned to statistical grid cells using an advanced dasymetric interpolation method based on ancillary data about land cover, buildings and a time use survey. The data were validated by comparing population register data from Statistics Finland for night-time hours and a daytime workplace registry. The resulting 24-hour population data can be used to reveal the temporal dynamics of the city and examine population variations relevant to for instance spatial accessibility analyses, crisis management and planning.

Please cite this dataset as:

Bergroth, C., Järv, O., Tenkanen, H., Manninen, M., Toivonen, T., 2022. A 24-hour population distribution dataset based on mobile phone data from Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. Scientific Data 9, 39. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01113-4

Organization of data

The dataset is packaged into a single Zipfile Helsinki_dynpop_matrix.zip which contains following files:

HMA_Dynamic_population_24H_workdays.csv represents the dynamic population for average workday in the study area.

HMA_Dynamic_population_24H_sat.csv represents the dynamic population for average saturday in the study area.

HMA_Dynamic_population_24H_sun.csv represents the dynamic population for average sunday in the study area.

target_zones_grid250m_EPSG3067.geojson represents the statistical grid in ETRS89/ETRS-TM35FIN projection that can be used to visualize the data on a map using e.g. QGIS.

Column names

YKR_ID : a unique identifier for each statistical grid cell (n=13,231). The identifier is compatible with the statistical YKR grid cell data by Statistics Finland and Finnish Environment Institute.

H0, H1 ... H23 : Each field represents the proportional distribution of the total population in the study area between grid cells during a one-hour period. In total, 24 fields are formatted as “Hx”, where x stands for the hour of the day (values ranging from 0-23). For example, H0 stands for the first hour of the day: 00:00 - 00:59. The sum of all cell values for each field equals to 100 (i.e. 100% of total population for each one-hour period)

In order to visualize the data on a map, the result tables can be joined with the target_zones_grid250m_EPSG3067.geojson data. The data can be joined by using the field YKR_ID as a common key between the datasets.

License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.

Related datasets

Järv, Olle; Tenkanen, Henrikki & Toivonen, Tuuli. (2017). Multi-temporal function-based dasymetric interpolation tool for mobile phone data. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.252612

Tenkanen, Henrikki, & Toivonen, Tuuli. (2019). Helsinki Region Travel Time Matrix [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247564

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Comprehensive dataset of 3,237 Cell phone stores in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as of June, 2025. Includes verified contact information (email, phone), geocoded addresses, customer ratings, reviews, business categories, and operational details. Perfect for market research, lead generation, competitive analysis, and business intelligence. Download a complimentary sample to evaluate data quality and completeness.

Comprehensive dataset of 8,713 Cell phone stores in United Kingdom as of August, 2025. Includes verified contact information (email, phone), geocoded addresses, customer ratings, reviews, business categories, and operational details. Perfect for market research, lead generation, competitive analysis, and business intelligence. Download a complimentary sample to evaluate data quality and completeness.

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ABSTRACT: With the popularization of low-cost mobile and wearable sensors, prior studies have utilized such sensors to track and analyze people's mental well-being, productivity, and behavioral patterns. However, there still is a lack of open datasets collected in-the-wild contexts with affective and cognitive state labels such as emotion, stress, and attention, which would limit the advances of research in affective computing and human-computer interaction. This work presents K-EmoPhone, an in-the-wild multi-modal dataset collected from 77 university students for seven days. This dataset contains (i) continuous probing of peripheral physiological signals and mobility data measured by commercial off-the-shelf devices; (ii) context and interaction data collected from individuals' smartphones; and (iii) 5,582 self-reported affect states, such as emotion, stress, attention, and disturbance, acquired by the experience sampling method. We anticipate that the presented dataset will contribute to the advancement of affective computing, emotion intelligence technologies, and attention management based on mobile and wearable sensor data.

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As of ********, Etsy collected around ** unique data points from global iOS users, ranking as the least data-hungry app within the shopping and food delivery category. Finance and crypto app Binance collected a total of **** unique data points from its global iOS users, while Khan Academy, an app used by children and students for homework and classes, collected a total of ***** unique data points.

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Sign Up for a free trial: https://rampedup.io/sign-up-%2F-log-in - 7 Days and 50 Credits to test our quality and accuracy.

These are the fields available within the RampedUp Global dataset.

CONTACT DATA: Personal Email Address - We manage over 115 million personal email addresses Professional Email - We manage over 200 million professional email addresses Home Address - We manage over 20 million home addresses Mobile Phones - 65 million direct lines to decision makers Social Profiles - Individual Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn Local Address - We manage 65M locations for local office mailers, event-based marketing or face-to-face sales calls.

JOB DATA: Job Title - Standardized titles for ease of use and selection Company Name - The Contact's current employer Job Function - The Company Department associated with the job role Title Level - The Level in the Company associated with the job role Job Start Date - Identify people new to their role as a potential buyer

EMPLOYER DATA: Websites - Company Website, Root Domain, or Full Domain Addresses - Standardized Address, City, Region, Postal Code, and Country Phone - E164 phone with country code Social Profiles - LinkedIn, CrunchBase, Facebook, and Twitter

FIRMOGRAPHIC DATA: Industry - 420 classifications for categorizing the company’s main field of business Sector - 20 classifications for categorizing company industries 4 Digit SIC Code - 239 classifications and their definitions 6 Digit NAICS - 452 classifications and their definitions Revenue - Estimated revenue and bands from 1M to over 1B Employee Size - Exact employee count and bands Email Open Scores - Aggregated data at the domain level showing relationships between email opens and corporate domains. IP Address -Company level IP Addresses associated to Domains from a DNS lookup

CONSUMER DATA: Education - Alma Mater, Degree, Graduation Date Skills - Accumulated Skills associated with work experience
Interests - Known interests of contact Connections - Number of social connections. Followers - Number of social followers

Download our data dictionary: https://rampedup.io/our-data

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GapMaps Mobile Location Data uses location data on mobile phones sourced by Azira which is collected from smartphone apps when the users have given their permission to track their location. It can shed light on consumer visitation patterns (“where from” and “where to”), frequency of visits, profiles of consumers and much more.

Businesses can utilise mobile location data to answer key questions including: - What is the demographic profile of customers visiting my locations? - What is my primary catchment? And where within that catchment do most of my customers travel from to reach my locations? - What points of interest drive customers to my locations (ie. work, shopping, recreation, hotel or education facilities that are in the area) ? - How far do customers travel to visit my locations? - Where are the potential gaps in my store network for new developments?
- What is the sales impact on an existing store if a new store is opened nearby? - Is my marketing strategy targeted to the right audience? - Where are my competitor's customers coming from?

Mobile Location data provides a range of benefits that make it a valuable addition to location intelligence services including: - Real-time - Low-cost at high scale - Accurate - Flexible - Non-proprietary - Empirical

Azira have created robust screening methods to evaluate the quality of mobile location data collected from multiple sources to ensure that their data lake contains only the highest-quality mobile location data.

This includes partnering with trusted location SDK providers that get proper end user consent to track their location when they download an application, can detect device movement/visits and use GPS to determine location co-ordinates.

Data received from partners is put through Azira's data quality algorithm discarding data points that receive a low quality score.

Use cases in Europe will be considered on a case to case basis.

Dataset Info:

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The complete analysis of the data contained in MDF has been presented in the following publication:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1574119220301383?via%3Dihub

The full anonymised dataset is contained in the folder MDF. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the efficacy of MDF, there are three proof of concept context-aware applications based on different machine learning tasks:

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For the sake of reproducibility, the data used to evaluate the proof-of-concept applications are contained in the folders link-prediction, context-recognition, and cars, respectively.

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