Job Dataset

This dataset provides a comprehensive collection of synthetic job postings to facilitate research and analysis in the field of job market trends, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning. Created for educational and research purposes, this dataset offers a diverse set of job listings across various industries and job types.

Descriptions for each of the columns in the dataset:

1. Job Id: A unique identifier for each job posting.
2. Experience: The required or preferred years of experience for the job.
3. Qualifications: The educational qualifications needed for the job.
4. Salary Range: The range of salaries or compensation offered for the position.
5. Location: The city or area where the job is located.
6. Country: The country where the job is located.
7. Latitude: The latitude coordinate of the job location.
8. Longitude: The longitude coordinate of the job location.
9. Work Type: The type of employment (e.g., full-time, part-time, contract).
10. Company Size: The approximate size or scale of the hiring company.
11. Job Posting Date: The date when the job posting was made public.
12. Preference: Special preferences or requirements for applicants (e.g., Only Male or Only Female, or Both)
13. Contact Person: The name of the contact person or recruiter for the job.
14. Contact: Contact information for job inquiries.
15. Job Title: The job title or position being advertised.
16. Role: The role or category of the job (e.g., software developer, marketing manager).
17. Job Portal: The platform or website where the job was posted.
18. Job Description: A detailed description of the job responsibilities and requirements.
19. Benefits: Information about benefits offered with the job (e.g., health insurance, retirement plans).
20. Skills: The skills or qualifications required for the job.
21. Responsibilities: Specific responsibilities and duties associated with the job.
22. Company Name: The name of the hiring company.
23. Company Profile: A brief overview of the company's background and mission.

Potential Use Cases:

• Building predictive models to forecast job market trends.
• Enhancing job recommendation systems for job seekers.
• Developing NLP models for resume parsing and job matching.
• Analyzing regional job market disparities and opportunities.
• Exploring salary prediction models for various job roles.

Acknowledgements:

We would like to express our gratitude to the Python Faker library for its invaluable contribution to the dataset generation process. Additionally, we appreciate the guidance provided by ChatGPT in fine-tuning the dataset, ensuring its quality, and adhering to ethical standards.

Note:

Please note that the examples provided are fictional and for illustrative purposes. You can tailor the descriptions and examples to match the specifics of your dataset. It is not suitable for real-world applications and should only be used within the scope of research and experimentation. You can also reach me via email at: rrana157@gmail.com

Job Growth Statistics: Statistics on job growth are essential in understanding the state and trajectory of an economy because they offer insight into the shifting dynamics of labor markets. By measuring net job addition or subtraction over a certain timeframe, employment growth statistics allow policymakers, companies, and individuals to make well-informed decisions regarding workforce planning, investment decisions, or career choices. Statistics on job growth provide a key measure of economic development as they show whether an economy is expanding, contracting, or remaining stable. Positive employment growth numbers often signal healthy economies with increased consumer spending and company confidence. Conversely, negative or stagnant job growth indicates a slowdown or recession. Furthermore, statistics on employment growth may also be used to highlight developing markets and professions for policymakers as well as job seekers in finding prospective development areas. As such, employment data provides an essential means of measuring an economy's current state and future direction, as well as helping shape policies and initiatives within it. Editor’s Choice From 2020-2030; job growth in the US is anticipated to be 5.3%. Nurse practitioners are predicted to experience the highest job growth; between 2021-2031 at 45.7%; 2019 alone saw sectors producing goods create 188,000 new jobs. Leisure and hospitality job creation decreased by 47% year-on-year between April 2020 and March 2021. President Clinton created 19 million new employment opportunities between June and July of 2022 and 528,000 nonfarm payroll employees were gained; yet by April 2020 20.5 million jobs had been lost from the economy as a whole. By 2031, it is projected that employment opportunities across the nation will reach 166.5 million; over that same timeframe childcare service workers have seen their ranks decline by 336,000. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare employment levels have suffered a dramatic decrease. By some accounts, over one and a half million employees may have left healthcare jobs since 2016. (Source: zippia.com)

Introduction

The Job Market Insights Dataset offers a comprehensive view of job postings worldwide, providing critical data on job roles, salaries, qualifications, locations, and company profiles. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for understanding global employment trends and patterns in various industries.

Objective

The primary objective of analyzing this dataset is to gain actionable insights into job market dynamics, including in-demand skills, salary ranges by role, preferred qualifications, and geographical job distributions. This analysis can empower job seekers, recruiters, and businesses to make informed decisions.

Key Features

1. Diverse Job Roles: Includes details for various professions like Network Engineers, Software Testers, UX/UI Designers, and more.
2. Global Scope: Covers jobs from diverse locations, spanning countries and industries worldwide.
3. Comprehensive Data Points: Provides salary ranges, qualifications, job types, company profiles, and benefits offered.
4. Temporal Data: Captures job posting dates to understand trends over time.
5. Skills and Responsibilities: Details required skills and responsibilities, aiding in understanding role-specific requirements.

Benefits for Data Science

• Predictive Modeling: Build models to predict salaries, skill demands, or the probability of job fulfillment.
• Trend Analysis: Identify trends in job roles, qualifications, and compensation.
• Geospatial Analysis: Map job distributions to uncover opportunities in specific regions.
• Clustering & Segmentation: Segment jobs by industry, role, or qualifications for targeted insights.
• Skill Gap Identification: Analyze skill requirements to identify gaps between current offerings and market demands.

This dataset is a goldmine for extracting insights that can optimize recruitment strategies, guide career planning, and inform educational initiatives.

Between 2023 and 2027, the majority of companies surveyed worldwide expect big data to have a more positive than negative impact on the global job market and employment, with ** percent of the companies reporting the technology will create jobs and * percent expecting the technology to displace jobs. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to result in more significant labor market disruptions, with ** percent of organizations expecting the technology to displace jobs and ** percent expecting AI to create jobs.

By the last business day of May 2025, there were about 7.77 million job openings in the United States. This is an increase from the previous month, when there were 7.44 million job openings. The data are seasonally adjusted. Seasonal adjustment is a statistical method for removing the seasonal component of a time series that is used when analyzing non-seasonal trends.

The AI/ML industry is rapidly evolving, and companies worldwide are actively hiring Data Scientists, ML Engineers, AI Researchers, and Quant Analysts. This dataset provides 2,000+ synthetic but realistic job listings that capture important details like:

• Company information

• Industry domain

• Job titles & experience levels

• Required skills & tools

• Salary ranges (USD)

• Location & employment type

• Posting dates (2023–2025)

This dataset is designed to help researchers, students, and practitioners analyze trends in the AI job market and build real-world projects such as salary prediction, skill-demand analysis, and workforce analytics.

Introducing Job Posting Datasets: Uncover labor market insights!

Elevate your recruitment strategies, forecast future labor industry trends, and unearth investment opportunities with Job Posting Datasets.

Job Posting Datasets Source:

1. Indeed: Access datasets from Indeed, a leading employment website known for its comprehensive job listings.

2. Glassdoor: Receive ready-to-use employee reviews, salary ranges, and job openings from Glassdoor.

3. StackShare: Access StackShare datasets to make data-driven technology decisions.

Job Posting Datasets provide meticulously acquired and parsed data, freeing you to focus on analysis. You'll receive clean, structured, ready-to-use job posting data, including job titles, company names, seniority levels, industries, locations, salaries, and employment types.

Choose your preferred dataset delivery options for convenience:

Receive datasets in various formats, including CSV, JSON, and more. Opt for storage solutions such as AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage, and more. Customize data delivery frequencies, whether one-time or per your agreed schedule.

Why Choose Oxylabs Job Posting Datasets:

1. Fresh and accurate data: Access clean and structured job posting datasets collected by our seasoned web scraping professionals, enabling you to dive into analysis.

2. Time and resource savings: Focus on data analysis and your core business objectives while we efficiently handle the data extraction process cost-effectively.

3. Customized solutions: Tailor our approach to your business needs, ensuring your goals are met.

4. Legal compliance: Partner with a trusted leader in ethical data collection. Oxylabs is a founding member of the Ethical Web Data Collection Initiative, aligning with GDPR and CCPA best practices.

Pricing Options:

Standard Datasets: choose from various ready-to-use datasets with standardized data schemas, priced from $1,000/month.

Custom Datasets: Tailor datasets from any public web domain to your unique business needs. Contact our sales team for custom pricing.

Experience a seamless journey with Oxylabs:

• Understanding your data needs: We work closely to understand your business nature and daily operations, defining your unique data requirements.
• Developing a customized solution: Our experts create a custom framework to extract public data using our in-house web scraping infrastructure.
• Delivering data sample: We provide a sample for your feedback on data quality and the entire delivery process.
• Continuous data delivery: We continuously collect public data and deliver custom datasets per the agreed frequency.

Effortlessly access fresh job posting data with Oxylabs Job Posting Datasets.

Techsalerator’s Job Openings Data in Africa offers a comprehensive and insightful dataset designed to provide businesses, recruiters, labor market analysts, and job seekers with a thorough view of employment opportunities across the African continent. This dataset aggregates job postings from a wide range of sources on a daily basis, ensuring that users have access to the most current and extensive collection of job openings available throughout Africa.

Key Features of the Dataset: Broad Coverage:

The dataset aggregates job postings from numerous sources including company career pages, job boards, recruitment agencies, and professional networking sites. This extensive coverage ensures a broad spectrum of job opportunities from multiple channels. Daily Updates:

Job posting data is updated daily, providing real-time insights into the job market. This frequent updating ensures that the dataset reflects the latest job openings and market trends. Sector-Specific Data:

Job postings are categorized by industry sectors such as technology, healthcare, finance, education, manufacturing, and more. This categorization allows users to analyze trends and opportunities within specific industries. Regional Breakdown:

The dataset includes detailed information on job openings across different countries and regions within Africa. This regional breakdown helps users understand job market dynamics and opportunities in various geographic locations. Role and Skill Insights:

The dataset includes information on job roles, required skills, qualifications, and experience levels. This feature assists job seekers in finding opportunities that match their expertise and helps recruiters identify candidates with the desired skill sets. Company Information:

Users can access details about the companies posting job openings, including company names, industries, and locations. This data provides insights into which companies are hiring and where the demand for talent is highest. Historical Data:

The dataset may include historical job posting data, enabling users to perform trend analysis and comparative studies over time. This feature supports understanding changes and developments in the job market. African Countries Covered: Northern Africa: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Sub-Saharan Africa: West Africa: Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Central Africa: Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Equatorial Guinea Gabon São Tomé and Príncipe East Africa: Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Kenya Lesotho Malawi Mauritius Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda Southern Africa: Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland (Eswatini) Zimbabwe Benefits of the Dataset: Enhanced Recruitment Strategies: Recruiters and HR professionals can use the dataset to identify hiring trends, understand competitive practices, and refine recruitment strategies based on real-time market insights. Labor Market Analysis: Analysts and policymakers can leverage the dataset to study employment trends, identify skill gaps, and evaluate job market opportunities across different regions and sectors. Job Seeker Support: Job seekers can access a comprehensive and updated list of job openings tailored to their skills and preferred locations, making their job search more efficient and targeted. Strategic Workforce Planning: Companies can gain valuable insights into the availability of talent across Africa, assisting with decisions related to market expansion, office locations, and talent acquisition. Techsalerator’s Job Openings Data in Africa is a critical resource for understanding the diverse and evolving job markets across the continent. By providing up-to-date and detailed information on job postings, it supports effective decision-making for businesses, job seekers, and labor market analysts.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program provides national estimates of rates and levels for job openings, hires, and total separations. Total separations are further broken out into quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Unadjusted counts and rates of all data elements are published by supersector and select sector based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The number of unfilled jobs—used to calculate the job openings rate—is an important measure of the unmet demand for labor. With that statistic, it is possible to paint a more complete picture of the U.S. labor market than by looking solely at the unemployment rate, a measure of the excess supply of labor. Information on labor turnover is valuable in the proper analysis and interpretation of labor market developments and as a complement to the unemployment rate. For more information and data visit: https://www.bls.gov/jlt/

In the fourth quarter of 2024, there were around ******* vacancies in the manufacturing industry in Germany. In the information and communication industry there were also ****** job openings recorded.

Labour market statistics summary data table, including earnings, employment, unemployment, redundancies and vacancies, Great Britain and UK, published monthly.

Employment Rate in the United States increased to 59.70 percent in September from 59.60 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Job Postings Data for Talent Acquisition, HR Strategy & Market Research Canaria’s Job Postings Data product is a structured, AI-enriched dataset that captures and organizes millions of job listings from leading sources such as Indeed, LinkedIn, and other recruiting platforms. Designed for decision-makers in HR, strategy, and research, this data reveals workforce demand trends, employer activity, and hiring signals across the U.S. labor market and enhanced with advanced enrichment models.

The dataset enables clients to track who is hiring, what roles are being posted, which skills are in demand, where talent is needed geographically, and how compensation and employment structures evolve over time. With field-level normalization and deep enrichment, it transforms noisy job listings into high-resolution labor intelligence—optimized for strategic planning, analytics, and recruiting effectiveness.

Use Cases: What This Job Postings Data Solves This enriched dataset empowers users to analyze workforce activity, employer behavior, and hiring trends across sectors, geographies, and job categories.

Talent Acquisition & HR Strategy • Identify hiring trends by industry, company, function, and geography • Optimize job listings and outreach with enriched skill, title, and seniority data • Detect companies expanding or shifting their workforce focus • Monitor new roles and emerging skills in real time

Labor Market Research & Workforce Planning • Visualize job market activity across cities, states, and ZIP codes • Analyze hiring velocity and job volume changes as macroeconomic signals • Correlate job demand with company size, sector, or compensation structure • Study occupational dynamics using AI-normalized job titles • Use directional signals (job increases/declines) to anticipate market shifts

HR Analytics & Compensation Intelligence • Map salary ranges and benefits offerings by role, location, and level • Track high-demand or hard-to-fill positions for strategic workforce planning • Support compensation planning and headcount forecasting • Feed job title normalization and metadata into internal HRIS systems • Identify talent clusters and location-based hiring inefficiencies

What Makes This Job Postings Data Unique

AI-Based Enrichment at Scale • Extracted attributes include hard skills, soft skills, certifications, and education requirements • Modeled predictions for seniority level, employment type, and remote/on-site classification • Normalized job titles using an internal taxonomy of over 50,000 unique roles • Field-level tagging ensures structured, filterable, and clean outputs

Salary Parsing & Compensation Insights • Parsed salary ranges directly from job descriptions • AI-based salary predictions for postings without explicit compensation • Compensation patterns available by job title, company, and location

Deduplication & Normalization • Achieves approximately 60% deduplication rate through semantic and metadata matching • Normalizes company names, job titles, location formats, and employment attributes • Ready-to-use, analysis-grade dataset—fully structured and cleansed

Company Matching & Metadata • Each job post is linked to a structured company profile, including metadata • Records are cross-referenced with LinkedIn and Google Maps to validate company identity and geography • Enables aggregation at employer or location level for deeper insights

Freshness & Scalability • Updated hourly to reflect real-time hiring behavior and job market shifts • Delivered in flexible formats (CSV, JSON, or data feed) and customizable filters • Supports segmentation by geography, company, seniority, salary, title, and more

Who Uses Canaria’s Job Postings Data • HR & Talent Teams – to benchmark roles, optimize pipelines, and compete for talent • Consultants & Strategy Teams – to guide clients with labor-driven insights • Market Researchers – to understand employment dynamics and job creation trends • HR Tech & SaaS Platforms – to power salary tools, job market dashboards, or recruiting features • Economic Analysts & Think Tanks – to model labor activity and hiring-based economic trends • BI & Analytics Teams – to build dashboards that track demand, skill shifts, and geographic patterns

Summary Canaria’s Job Postings Data provides an AI-enriched, clean, and analysis-ready view of the U.S. job market. Covering millions of listings from Indeed, LinkedIn, other job boards, and ATS sources, it includes detailed job attributes, inferred compensation, normalized titles, skill extraction, and employer metadata—all updated hourly and fully structured.

With deep enrichment, reliable deduplication, and company matchability, this dataset is purpose-built for users needing workforce insights, market trends, and strategic talent intelligence. Whether you're modeling skill gaps, benchmarking compensation, or visualizing hiring momentum, this dataset provides a complete toolkit for HR and labor intelligence.

About Canaria Inc. ...

Graph and download economic data for Job Openings: Total Nonfarm (JTSJOL) from Dec 2000 to Aug 2025 about job openings, vacancy, nonfarm, and USA.

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The Bangladeshi Job Market Dataset contains data on job listings from three Bangladeshi job websites: bdjobs.com, Careerjet.com, and Skilljobs.com. The dataset includes information such as job title, company name, job location, job category, salary range (where available), and job description. The data was scraped in 2023 and covers a wide range of industries and job types in Bangladesh.

bdjobs : Bdjobs.com Ltd. is the first and leading career management site in the country. Eight young business and IT professional backed by strong command over e-business and in-depth understanding of the needs of job seekers and employers in the country's context started this venture on July 2000.

The vision of the company is to try bringing Internet technology in the mainstream business and economic life of the society.

The web-site aims to explore maximum benefits of the Internet. This site will also help employers solve many of the problems associated with traditional recruiting methods and allow them to save time and money.

Right after its launching, the site has been able to attract the Internet users in the country. The site regularly updates Job Information (on average more than 4500 valid job news are placed at any point of time at the site), provides facility to the job seekers for posting resume and online application. The site has also been able to get good response from a large number of organizations in the country who use online job advertisement facility, online CV bank access and online application receiving and processing facility of www.bdjobs.com. Till now, more than 45,000 employers in the country have recruited more than 1 million professionals at different.

Careerjet : Careerjet is a job search engine designed to make the process of finding a job on the internet easier for the user. It maps the huge selection of job offerings available on the internet in one extensive database by referencing job listings originating from job boards, recruitment agency websites and large specialist recruitment sites. Using a fast and straightforward interface, users can query this database and save themselves the trouble of visiting each site individually. The job offerings themselves are not hosted by Careerjet and users are always redirected to the original job listing. Essentially, Careerjet acts as traffic driver to those sites. Careerjet's job search engine network encompasses over 90 countries, featuring separate interfaces that are translated into 28 languages.

Skilljobs : Skill.Jobs has been developed focusing on our past 20+ experiences in the Global Job Market, particularly, the latest trends in the job field, skill matrix, technological advancement, demand and expectations of modern organizations. The organization has been originated from Jobsbd.com, the first ever job portal in Bangladesh and later renamed as Skill.Jobs simply to express the focus of the organizations and to concentrate more on its service patterns. The idea was to make our position more unique and specific while we work! Skill.jobs has started its operation simultaneously in Bangladesh and Malaysia and soon it's going to start same in Australia UK and UAE.

Skill.Jobs will work as a hub to prepare the job seekers for the relevant industries through enhancing and developing skills of job seekers, bring opportunity for the job seekers and advocate for them to the HR world. On the other hand, Skill.Jobs will make the task of HRD vey easy and simple through helping them to find the right candidate with required skills rather than forwarding huge database of job seekers.

The dataset provides valuable insights into the Bangladeshi job market and can be used by researchers, analysts, and job seekers to understand trends in the job market, identify skills in demand, and assess job opportunities in various regions of the country.

Before uploading the dataset to Kaggle, the data was preprocessed to ensure accuracy and consistency. The original data was cleaned, standardized, and formatted in a way that makes it easy to analyze and work with.

Note that this dataset is intended for educational and research purposes only and should not be used for commercial purposes without proper attribution and permissions from the original websites.

In 2025, there were estimated to be approximately *** billion people employed worldwide, compared to **** billion people in 1991 - an increase of around *** billion people. There was a noticeable fall in global employment between 2019 and 2020, when the number of employed people fell from due to the sudden economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Formal vs. Informal employment globally Worldwide, there is a large gap between the informally and formally employed. Most informally employed workers reside in the Global South, especially Africa and Southeast Asia. Moreover, men are slightly more likely to be informally employed than women. The majority of informal work, nearly ** percent, is within the agricultural sector, with domestic work and construction following behind. Women’s employment As the number of employees has risen globally, so has the number of employed women. Overall, care roles such as nursing and midwifery have the highest shares of female employees globally. Moreover, while the gender pay gap has shrunk over time, it still exists. As of 2024, the uncontrolled gender pay gap was ****, meaning women made, on average, ** cents per every dollar earned by men.

Xverum’s Global Job Market & Job Postings Data offers one of the largest datasets available, featuring 280B+ records updated daily. Covering 13M+ daily job postings, employee insights, and recruiting trends, our dataset provides a comprehensive view of global labor market dynamics. Designed to empower workforce analytics, talent acquisition, economic forecasting, and AI & ML model training, it’s an essential resource for data-driven decision-making.

Key Features:

1️⃣ Extensive Job Postings Data: Access 13M+ job postings daily from multiple industries and geographies. Detailed attributes include job titles, descriptions, locations, industries, and application requirements.

2️⃣ Real-Time Updates: Data refreshed daily ensures relevance and accuracy for live applications.

3️⃣ Global Coverage: One of the most extensive datasets available, with hiring activity tracked in every country worldwide.

4️⃣ GDPR-Compliant and Secure: Fully compliant with GDPR and CCPA regulations, ensuring ethical and safe data usage.

Primary Use Cases:

✳️ Workforce Analytics: Monitor job demand and labor market trends for strategic workforce planning.

✳️ Talent Acquisition and Recruiting: Analyze hiring activity to identify recruiting trends and optimize talent strategies.

✳️ Economic Forecasting: Use job postings data as an economic indicator to track industry growth and market opportunities.

✳️ Market Research: Gain insights into hiring activity across industries and regions to understand market dynamics.

✳️ Competitive Intelligence: Track competitor hiring patterns and job postings to benchmark market positioning.

✳️ AI/ML Model Training: Train predictive models for job matching, labor trend forecasting, and workforce optimization.

Why Choose Xverum’s Job Market Data? ✅ Massive Scale: 13M+ daily job postings and 280B+ records ensure unparalleled depth and global reach. ✅ Real-Time Updates: Daily refreshes ensure the latest job data for actionable insights. ✅ Comprehensive Coverage: Spanning industries, and geographies worldwide. ✅ GDPR-Compliant: Secure and ethically sourced data for peace of mind.

Key Data Attributes: 📎 Job title, description, and location. 📎 Industry classification and hiring organization. 📎 Posting date, application deadline, and employment type (e.g., full-time, remote).

Request a sample dataset today or contact us to tailor your job market data solution. Empower your business with Xverum’s Job Market & Job Postings Data for smarter, data-driven decision-making.

The data collection 'LFS - specific topics, household statistics' covers a range of statistics on number, characteristics and typologies of households, based on the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). The data collection also encompasses some labour market indicators broken down by household composition. Only annual data are available.

General information on the EU-LFS can be found in the ESMS page for 'Employment and unemployment (LFS)', see link in related metada. Detailed information on the main features, the legal basis, the methodology and the data as well as on the historical development of the EU-LFS is available on the EU-LFS (Statistics Explained) webpage.

In 2025, it was estimated that over 163 million Americans were in some form of employment, while 4.16 percent of the total workforce was unemployed. This was the lowest unemployment rate since the 1950s, although these figures are expected to rise in 2023 and beyond. 1980s-2010s Since the 1980s, the total United States labor force has generally risen as the population has grown, however, the annual average unemployment rate has fluctuated significantly, usually increasing in times of crisis, before falling more slowly during periods of recovery and economic stability. For example, unemployment peaked at 9.7 percent during the early 1980s recession, which was largely caused by the ripple effects of the Iranian Revolution on global oil prices and inflation. Other notable spikes came during the early 1990s; again, largely due to inflation caused by another oil shock, and during the early 2000s recession. The Great Recession then saw the U.S. unemployment rate soar to 9.6 percent, following the collapse of the U.S. housing market and its impact on the banking sector, and it was not until 2016 that unemployment returned to pre-recession levels. 2020s 2019 had marked a decade-long low in unemployment, before the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic saw the sharpest year-on-year increase in unemployment since the Great Depression, and the total number of workers fell by almost 10 million people. Despite the continuation of the pandemic in the years that followed, alongside the associated supply-chain issues and onset of the inflation crisis, unemployment reached just 3.67 percent in 2022 - current projections are for this figure to rise in 2023 and the years that follow, although these forecasts are subject to change if recent years are anything to go by.

The 'LFS main indicators' section presents a selection of the main statistics on the labour market. They encompass indicators of activity, employment and unemployment. Those indicators are based on the results of the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), in few cases integrated with data sources like national accounts employment or registered unemployment. As a result of the application of adjustments, corrections and reconciliation of EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) data, the 'LFS main indicators' is the most complete and reliable collection of employment and unemployment data available in the sub-domain 'Employment and unemployment'.

The EU-LFS data used for 'LFS main indicators' are, where necessary, adjusted and enriched in various ways, in accordance with the specificities of an indicator. The most common adjustments cover:

• estimation of missing values, i.e. in case of missing quarters, annual results and EU aggregates are estimated using interpolations of EU Labour Force Survey data with reference to the available quarter(s).
• for all quarterly indicators seasonally adjusted data are available.
• correction of the main breaks in the LFS series.

Those adjustments may produce some differences between data published under 'LFS main indicators' and 'LFS series – detailed quarterly/annual survey results', particularly for back data. For the most recent years, the different series converge, due to the implementation of a continuous quarterly survey and the improved quality of the data.

This page focuses on the 'LFS main indicators' in general. There are special pages for indicators that are listed below:

• Monthly Unemployment: une_rt_m.

Quarterly and annual unemployment figures are derived in line with all other LFS Main Indciators, and no longer aggregated from monthly unemployment series.

• Duration of working life - annual data: lfsi_dwl_a;
• Population in jobless households - annual data: lfsi_jhh_a;
• Labour market transitions - LFS longitudinal data: lfsi_long.

The entry of the new Framework regulation on Social Statistics (IESS) in 2021 created changes in the LFS Main Indicators. Most countries expected breaks for a number of series derived from LFS microdata, therefore Eurostat and participating countries launched a joint break correction exercise to produce comparable data before and under IESS. The 'LFS main indicators' section therefore contains two type of datasets depending on the underlying regulation. The first type of datasets are historical series under the pre-IESS regulation, and include the suffix ‘_h’ for historical series at the end of the table titles. Historical series will remain accessible and are continued until 2020Q4 LFS microdata revisions of previously released EU-LFS series. Reasons for revisions are for example weight revisions due to revised weighting routines, or census revisions. The second type of datasets are new tables that are filled with data under IESS from 2021Q1 on. These tables also include the break-corrected 2009Q1-2020Q4 data that are produced in the break correction exercise. If countries send longer complete time series than starting in 2009, that data will also be used and published. Until fully back-estimated series in line with IESS are available for all countries, EU and EA aggregates were based on the data that is available at the time and was flagged with a break flag. Fully break-free EU and EA aggregates were published for the first time in February 2022. More information can be found on the EU-LFS Breaks in Time Series (Statistics Explained) webpage.

General information on the EU-LFS can be found in the ESMS page for 'Employment and unemployment (LFS)', see link in related metadata. Detailed information on the main features, the legal basis, the methodology and the data as well as on the historical development of the EU-LFS is available on the EU-LFS (Statistics Explained) webpage.