In 2023, Croydon had the largest population among London's 32 boroughs at 397,741, while Kensington and Chelsea had the smallest population, at 147,460.

There were approximately 4.6 million women and 4.34 million men living in London in 2023, a total population of around 8.9 million people.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of London by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for London. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of London by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in London. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for London.

Key observations

Largest age group (population): Male # 50-54 years (459) | Female # 40-44 years (500). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the London population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the London is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the London is shown in the following column.
• Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in London for each age group.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for London Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

Introduction

The 2023 mid-year estimate (MYE) is the current official estimate of the population for local authorities in England and Wales. Estimates are produced annually by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the 2023 MYE was published on 15 July 2024.

Comparison to previous MYE data

The previous MYE series (for the period 2012-2020) starts with the 2011 census estimate. Each subsequent year’s population is calculated by adding estimates of births, deaths and migration to the previous year’s population. The 2021 MYE represents a break in this series as it uses the 2021 census as its base.

The ONS revised the 2012-2020 MYE series to bring it in line with the 2021 MYE, so that comparisons could be made between between this series and the previous series. The values plotted on the chart are the revised values of the previously published estimates for 2011 to 2022, together with the estimates for 2023.

Key Points

• London’s mid-2023 population was 8.945 million
• London’s population increased by 76,300 persons compared to the previous mid-year value
• Components of change were as follows:
• 105,100 births and 53,500 deaths (natural change of 51,600)
• Net domestic migration was an outflow of 129,200
• Net international migration was an inflow of 154,100

Population Change

London’s 2023 population was 8,945,310. The first chart below shows the 2023 MYE in the context of previous estimates. There is an uptick after a temporary decrease in population which we attribute to the COVID-19 pandemic.

https://cdn.datapress.cloud/london/img/dataset/763802e7-af17-4b77-995d-44c494fb68af/2025-06-09T20%3A56%3A29/666cd938678c5361c953cb608e532416.webp" width="1152" alt="Embedded Image" />

Components of Change

Births, deaths and migration form the components of population change.

The 2023 MYE value for births was 4% lower than that in 2022, and for deaths 3% higher. The consequent value for natural change (births - deaths) was 10% lower than in 2022.

At -129,000, the value for domestic migration (migration within the UK) was nearly 3% higher than the 2022 value, so still significantly lower than the peak net outflow during the COVID-19 pandemic of -186,000. An outflow of domestic migrants from London is normal and this has been the case each year for the last two decades. This flow is partly because many international in-migrants initially settle in London before moving out to other parts of the UK. The second move in this sequence is counted as a domestic migration.

There has been a marked change in immigration since 2021. This can be attributed to the end of free movement for EU nationals, easing of travel restrictions following the COVID 19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine. At over 150,000, the 2023 MYE value for London’s net international migration was more than 18% higher than 2022, and represents a considerable increase from 78,000 in 2021.

https://cdn.datapress.cloud/london/img/dataset/763802e7-af17-4b77-995d-44c494fb68af/2025-06-09T20%3A56%3A29/cb537d44954e11f7f7b7e2189ae74629.webp" width="1152" alt="Embedded Image" />

Age structure of the population

https://cdn.datapress.cloud/london/img/dataset/763802e7-af17-4b77-995d-44c494fb68af/2025-06-09T20%3A56%3A29/6d4cf55b96888dbc3aacfc1de5c664ec.webp" width="1152" alt="Embedded Image" />

Future Updates

The release of the next mid-year estimates is expected in July 2025.

The full ONS mid-year population estimates release and back series can be found on the ONS website: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates.

For information relating to London’s population see the demography pages of the London Datastore: https://data.london.gov.uk/demography/ or email demography@london.gov.uk.

An in-depth review of the available evidence for population change in London since the start of the coronavirus pandemic has been produced by GLA Demography: https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/population-change-in-london-during-the-pandemic.

The population of London was approximately *** million in 2023, an increase of over *** million people when compared with the early 1980s. Throughout the 1980s, the population of the United Kingdom's capital grew at a relatively slow rate, before accelerating to a much faster rate in the 1990s. London is by far the largest city / urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom, more than three times larger than the next largest cities of Manchester and Birmingham. London’s forecasted population is expected to continue growing at much the same pace it has been growing since the mid-1990s and reach almost *** million by 2042. London boroughs As of 2022, the London borough with the highest population was Croydon, at approximately *******, followed by Barnet at *******. Overall, London is divided into 33 different boroughs, with London's historic center, the City of London, having by far the smallest population, at just ******. Residents of the City of London, however, have the highest average median weekly earnings among all of London's boroughs, at ***** pounds per week, compared with just *** pounds per week in Redbridge, the lowest average weekly earnings among London boroughs. While the overall unemployment rate for London was *** percent in early 2023, this ranged from *** percent in Brent, to just *** percent in Kingston upon Thames.
Economic imbalance Aside from being the UK's largest city in terms of population, London is also undoubtedly the UK's cultural, political and economic center. As of 2021, the GDP of Greater London was approximately ***** billion British pounds, just over ** percent of the UK's overall GDP. In the same year, GDP per person in London was ****** pounds compared with the UK average of ****** pounds. Additionally, productivity in London is far higher than the UK average. As measured by output per hour worked, London was **** percent more productive than the rest of the UK.

This package contains data and analysis of the Government's Work Programme and its peformance in London.

The Work Programme is the Government's flagship welfare to work programme which launched across Great Britain in June 2011. The data presented here look at the performance of the Work Programme in London and compare this to other parts of Great Britain.

The first report looks at referrals and attachments to the Work Programme and can be downloaded here

The data used in this report can be downloaded here

The second report looks at the number of Job Outcomes for those referred to the programme

The data used in this report as well as additional tables can be downloaded here

This report was released in September 2010. However, recent demographic data is available on the datastore - you may find other datasets on the Datastore useful such as: GLA Population Projections, National Insurance Number Registrations of Overseas Nationals, Births by Birthplace of Mother, Births and Fertility Rates, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Population Estimates

FOCUSONLONDON2010:POPULATIONANDMIGRATION

London is the United Kingdom’s only city region. Its population of 7.75 million is 12.5 per cent of the UK population living on just 0.6 per cent of the land area. London’s average population density is over 4,900 persons per square kilometre, this is ten times that of the second most densely populated region.

Between 2001 and 2009 London’s population grew by over 430 thousand, more than any other region, accounting for over 16 per cent of the UK increase.

This report discusses in detail the population of London including Population Age Structure, Fertility and Mortality, Internal Migration, International Migration, Population Turnover and Churn, and Demographic Projections.

Population and Migration report is the first release of the Focus on London 2010-12 series. Reports on themes such as Income, Poverty, Labour Market, Skills, Health, and Housing are also available.

PRESENTATION:

To access an interactive presentation about population changes in London click the link to see it on Prezi.com

FACTS:

• Top five boroughs for babies born per 10,000 population in 2008-09:
• 1. Newham – 244.4
• 2. Barking and Dagenham – 209.3
• 3. Hackney – 205.7
• 4. Waltham Forest – 202.7
• 5. Greenwich – 196.2
• ...
• 32. Havering – 116.8
• 33. City of London – 47.0
• In 2009, Barnet overtook Croydon as the most populous London borough. Prior to this Croydon had been the largest since 1966
• Population per hectare of land used for Domestic building and gardens is highest in Tower Hamlets
• In 2008-09, natural change (births minus deaths) led to 78,000 more Londoners compared with only 8,000 due to migration. read more about this or click play on the chart below to reveal how regional components of populations change have altered over time.

London Data Center Market is Segmented by Data Center Size (Small, Medium, Large, Massive, Mega), Tier Type (Tier 1&2, Tier 3, Tier 4), and Data Center Type (Cloud Service Providers (CSPs), Colocation Type, and More). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

The dataset consists of tree records in London collated by GiGL from multiple habitat surveys commissioned by the London Ecology Unit and Greater London Authority from the mid-80s to present and by the Borough for the tree records in Wandsworth. Records were collected through habitat surveys, mostly from borough-wide surveys but some from individual site surveys. The dataset has been created by Greenspace Information for Greater London CIC (GiGL). GiGL mobilises, curates and shares data that underpin our knowledge of London’s natural environment. We provide impartial evidence to enable informed discussion and decision-making in policy and practice. Please acknowledge GiGL in any use of the data e.g. “Greenspace Information for Greater London CIC (2018). http://www.gigl.org.uk/. Accessed: [Download date].” The records range from 1983-2009. The majority of records have a full date (DD/MM/YYYY), however, a small number of records are recorded to season or month and year. Tree records from the following genera are included in this dataset: Abelia, Abies, Acacia, Acca, Acer, Aesculus, Ailanthus, Albizia, Alnus, Amelanchier, Aralia, Araucaria, Arbutus, Betula, Broussonetia, Carpobrotus, Carya, Castanea, Catalpa, Cedrus, Celtis, Cercidiphyllum, Cercis, Chamaecyparis, Chitalpa, Cornus, Corylus, Crataegus, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia, Cupressus, Diospyros, Eucalyptus, Euonymus, Fagus, Ficus, Fraxinus, Ginkgo, Gleditsia, Hibiscus, Hippophae, Ilex, Juglans, Juniperus, Koelreuteria, Laburnum, Lagerstroemia, Larix, Ligustrum, Liquidambar, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Malus, Mespilus, Metasequoia, Morus, Nothofagus, Nyssa, Osmanthus, Ostrya, Parrotia, Photinia, Picea, Pinus, Platanus, Podocarpus, Populus, Prunus, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga, Pyrus, Quercus, Robinia, Salix, Sequoia, Sequoiadendron, Sophora, Sorbus, Stewartia, Styrax, Syringa, Tamarix, Taxus, Thuja, Tilia, Torreya, Trachycarpus, Tsuga, Ulmus, Zea, Zelkova, Ziziphus.

This page presents analysis and data related to skills and employment in London Note on data sources and interpretation: * The analysis is not intended to be comprehensive or exhaustive. It is a snapshot analysis of key data as it pertains to London. * The analysis does not represent the full body of evidence on which Mayoral Policies are, or will be, based. Outputs should be triangulated with other sources of information and analysis to develop a rounded statistical picture of specific policy issues.

Data on enterprise births, deaths, active enterprises and survival rates in Barnet, as well as comparative data across Greater London boroughs.

This data is adapted from data from the Office for National Statistics and published by the GLA licensed under the Open Government Licence.

Comparative data and other information can also be found on the London Datastore.

Data includes:
1) the most recent annual figures for enterprise births and deaths. Births and deaths are identified by comparing active populations of enterprises for different years
2) time series of the number of births and deaths of entrprises together with a percentage of births and deaths to active enterprises in a given year
3) a time series of the number of active enterprises. Active enterprises are businesses that had either turnover or employment at any time during the reference period.
4) survival rates of enterprises for up to 5 years after birth

Data on size of firms (micro-business, SME, large) for business and employees in London by industry can be found on the ONS website.

More Business Demographics data on the ONS website

United Kingdom Population: London data was reported at 8,825.001 Person th in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,769.659 Person th for 2016. United Kingdom Population: London data is updated yearly, averaging 7,154.000 Person th from Jun 1971 (Median) to 2017, with 47 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,825.001 Person th in 2017 and a record low of 6,729.000 Person th in 1988. United Kingdom Population: London data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.G001: Population.

Labour market indicators for London, including employment, unemployment, economic inactivity, workers' hours, jobs and Claimant Count, English regions, rolling three-monthly figures published monthly.

Graph and download economic data for Employed Persons in New London County, CT (LAUCN090110000000005) from Jan 1990 to Dec 2024 about New London County, CT; Norwich; CT; household survey; employment; persons; and USA.

These ward level well being scores present a combined measure of well-being indicators of the resident population based on 12 different indicators. Where possible each indicator score is compared with the England and Wales average, which is zero. Scores over 0 indicate a higher probability that the population on average will experience better well-being according to these measures.

Users can adjust the weight of each indicator depending on what they consider to be the more or less important, thus generating bespoke scores. This is done either by entering a number between 0 and 10. The scores throughout the spreadsheet will update automatically.

The tool combines data across a range of themes for the last five years of available data (2009-2013).

Either view the results in the online interactive tool here,

Or download the interactive spreadsheet here

The well-being scores are then presented in a ranked bar chart for each borough, and a ward map of London.

The spreadsheet also highlights wards in the top and bottom 25 per cent in London. Wards that have shown significant improvement or reduction in their scores relative to the average over the five year period are also highlighted.

Borough figures are provided to assist with comparisons.

Rankings and summary tables are included. The source data that the tool is based on is included in the spreadsheet.

The Excel file is 8.1MB.

IMPORTANT NOTE, users must enable macros when prompted upon opening the Excel spreadsheet (or reset security to medium/low) for the map to function. The rest of the tool will function without macros.

If you cannot download the Excel file directly try this zip file (2.6MB).

If you experience any difficulties with downloading this spreadsheet, please contact the London Datastore in the Intelligence Unit.

Detailed information about definitions and sources is contained within the spreadsheet.

The 12 measures included are:

Health
- Life Expectancy
- Childhood Obesity
- Incapacity Benefits claimant rate

Economic security
- Unemployment rate

Safety
- Crime rate
- Deliberate Fires

Education
- GCSE point scores

Children
- Unauthorised Pupil Absence

Families
- Children in out-of-work households

Transport
- Public Transport Accessibility Scores (PTALs)

Environment
- Access to public open space & nature

Happiness
- Composite Subjective Well-being Score (Life Satisfaction, Worthwhileness, Anxiety, and Happiness) (New data only available since 2011/12)

With some measures if the data shows a high figure that indicates better well-being, and with other measures a low figure indicates better well-being. Therefore scores for Life Expectancy, GCSE scores, PTALs, and Access to Public Open Space/Nature have been reversed so that in all measures low scores indicate probable lower well-being.

The data has been turned into scores where each indicator in each year has a standard deviation of 10. This means that each indicator will have an equal effect on the final score when the weightings are set to equal.

Why should measuring well-being be important to policy makers?
Following research by the Cabinet Office and Office for National Statistics, the government is aiming to develop policy that is more focused on ‘all those things that make life worthwhile’ (David Cameron, November 2010). They are interested in developing new and better ways to understand how policy and public services affect well-being.

Why measure well-being for local areas?
It is important for London policy makers to consider well-being at a local level (smaller than borough level) because of the often huge differences within boroughs. Local authorities rely on small area data in order to target resources, and with local authorities currently gaining more responsibilities from government, this is of increasing importance. But small area data is also of interest to academics, independent analysts and members of the public with an interest in the subject of well-being.

How can well-being be measured within small areas?
The Office for National Statistics have been developing new measures of national well-being, and as part of this, at a national and regional level, the ONS has published some subjective data to measure happiness. ONS have not measured well-being for small areas, so this tool has been designed to fill this gap. However, DCLG have published a tool that models life satisfaction data for LSOAs based on a combination of national level happiness data, and 'ACORN' data. Happiness data is not available for small areas because there are no surveys large enough for this level of detail, and so at this geography the focus is on objective indicators. Data availability for small areas is far more limited than for districts, and this means the indicators that the scores are based on are not all perfect measures of well-being, though they are the best available. However, by using a relatively high number of measures across a number of years, this increases the reliability of the well-being scores.

How can this tool be used to help policy makers?
Each neighbourhood will have its own priorities, but the data in this tool could help provide a solid evidence base for informed local policy-making, and the distribution of regeneration funds. In addition, it could assist users to identify the causes behind an improvement in well-being in certain wards, where examples of good practice could be applied elsewhere.

Differences to the previous report

This is the 2013 edition of this publication, and there is one change from 2012. Indicators of Election turnout has been replaced with a composite score of subjective well-being indicators.

Past versions are still available for 2011 and 2012. The rationale/methodology paper from 2011 is here. The scores from the 2012 spreadsheet are also available in PDF format. The scores in Intelligence Update 21-2012 are based on equal weightings across each measure.

This tool was created by the GLA Intelligence Unit. Please contact datastore@london.gov.uk for more information.

This dataset contains half hourly smart meter measurements of 4443 households, obtained during the Low Carbon London project, during 2013.

It is a refactored version of the data released by UK Power Networks under CC-BY license. The following filters have been applied:

• Only readings for households on the 'Std' tariff (i.e., non-time-of-use) have been retained
• 'Null' readings have been dropped
• Only data pertaining to energy consumption in 2013 has been retained. The first measurement has time stamp '2013-01-01 00:30:00.0000000' and the final measurement has time stamp '2014-01-01 00:00:00.0000000'.

Description of the data format:

• Zipped CSV file (utf-8 encoding, comma deliminator)
• First column is DateTime (GMT; no adjustment for British Summer Time)
• First row contains household labels
• Measurements are in kWh (energy consumption) for the preceding half hour. Note that to generate power profiles (with interpretation as average power in kW per half hour) requires multiplication by two.

Note: a cleaner version of the same data set, accompanied by survey data, is available under a more restrictive license at DOI: http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7857-2.

Estimated traffic volume for cars and all vehicles by local authority since 1993 (kilometres).

Million Vehicle Kilometres travelled by all motor vehicles and all cars in London. Data comes from the Department for Transport (DFT) National Road Traffic Survey.

Definitions can be found at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/road-traffic-statistics#technical

https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/road-traffic-statistics

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/tra89-traffic-by-local-authority