The data collection involved three methods a) Archival research: defence policy, military doctrine, memoirs, academic commentary b) Interviews: 39 Male soldiers and 17 female soldiers were formally interviewed as part of this research project. c) Fieldwork observation: 40 days were spend observing training in France, Germany, UK, Canada and the US. During the course of this fieldwork, 46 informants were contacted whose comments were recorded in field notes and used in the research. Due to the confidentiality assured to interviewees and informants and the fact that some of the material discussed in the interviews/fieldwork was classified it has been impossible to share the fieldnotes/interviews. However, a record of the key points and data has been recorded in the EOA report for this grant and is disseminated through the publications associated with this grant.Can women be infantry soldiers? Combat is one of the most extreme forms of human activities and throughout human history it has been almost exclusively a masculine domain. This research addresses this important and potentially historic issue of the increasingly active participation of women in war. In the past, women's exclusion from the infantry has typically been justified by reference to female physiology and their presumed effects on cohesion among the male soldiers. Females were seen to threaten the combat performance of male troops. Physical barriers still remain for women but with the professionalisation of the armed forces and the recent pressures of operations in Afghanistan, female participation in the army and on operations has been increasingly accepted and even normalised. Canada and Denmark now allow women in the infantry and, while the UK and US still maintain their bans on females in the infantry, female British and American soldiers have increasingly served on the front line in combat situations. Through documentary, fieldwork and interview research with the armies of Canada, Denmark, Germany, France, the UK and the US, this research seeks to explore the possibilities and limits of women's participation in the infantry. a) Archival research: Documentary analysis of infantry doctrine, operational reports and memoirs by male and especially female soldiers proved very useful in situating and widening the research. b) Interviews: 17 females and 39 males were interviewed as part of this research, either as individuals or in some cases in groups. The data derived from these interviews was rich and compelling. Female soldiers were particularly forthcoming in describing some of their sometimes disturbing experiences. Precisely because of the sensitivity of much of this material, the data has not been able to be made available for general release. The most important material has and will appear in publications however. c) Fieldwork observation Observation of fieldwork in France, the US, UK and Canada took place during the ESRC project. This provided an essential understanding of the practice of infantry work and current operations, essential to analysing the possibility of female integration. It also provided many additional informants whose revealing comments were recorded in field notes.

The CenSoc WWII Army Enlistment Dataset is a cleaned and harmonized version of the National Archives and Records Administration’s Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938 - 1946 (2002). It contains enlistment records for over 9 million men and women who served in the United States Army, including the Army Air Corps, Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, and Enlisted Reserve Corps. We publish links between men in the CenSoc WWII Army Enlistment Dataset, Social Security Administration mortality data, and the 1940 Census. The CenSoc Enlistment-Census-1940 file links these enlistment records to the complete 1940 Census, and may be merged with IPUMS-USA census data using the HISTID identifier variable. The CenSoc Enlistment-Numident file links enlistment records to the Berkley Unified Numident Mortality Database (BUNMD), and the CenSoc Enlistment-DMF file links enlistment records to the Social Security Death Master File. For enlistment records in the Enlistment-Numident and Enlistment-DMF datasets that have been independently and additionally linked to the 1940 Census, we include the HISTID identifier variable that can be used to merge the data with IPUMS census data.

The 2012 US Army Anthropometric Survey (ANSUR II) was executed by the Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) from October 2010 to April 2012 and is comprised of personnel representing the total US Army force to include the US Army Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard. The data was made publicly available in 2017. In addition to the anthropometric and demographic data described below, the ANSUR II database also consists of 3D whole body, foot, and head scans of Soldier participants. These 3D data are not publicly available out of respect for the privacy of ANSUR II participants. The data from this survey are used for a wide range of equipment design, sizing, and tariffing applications within the military and has many potential commercial, industrial, and academic applications.These data have replaced ANSUR I as the most comprehensive publicly accessible dataset on body size and shape. The ANSUR II dataset includes 93 measurements from over 6,000 adult US military personnel, comprising 4,082 men (ANSUR_II_MALE_Public.csv) and 1,986 women (ANSUR_II_FEMALE_Public.csv).

The ANSUR II working databases contain 93 anthropometric measurements which were directly measured, and 15 demographic/administrative variables.

Much more information about the data collection methodology and content of the ANSUR II Working Databases may be found in the following Technical Reports, available from theDefense Technical Information Center (www.dtic.mil) through:

a. 2010-2012 Anthropometric Survey of U.S. Army Personnel: Methods and Summary
Statistics. (NATICK/TR-15/007)
b. Measurer’s Handbook: US Army and Marine Corps Anthropometric Surveys,
2010-2011 (NATICK/TR-11/017)

The National Waterway Network is a comprehensive network database of the nation's navigable waterways. The data set covers the 48 contiguous states plus the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and water links between. The nominal scale of the dataset varies with the source material. The majority of the information is at 1:100,000 with larger scales used in harbor/bay/port areas and smaller scales used in open waters. Purpose: The National Waterway Network is a geographic database of navigable waterways in and around the United States, for analytical studies of waterway performance, for compiling commodity flow statistics, and for mapping purposes.

This dataset displays the number of active duty personnel and their location, by country. Included in these figures are the numbers for Army, Navy, Marine, and Air Force branches of the United States Military. Note: this data includes rounded figures for personnel involved in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). This data was collected from the department of Defense directly at: http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst0706.pdf .

FORS won the open tender by the Swiss Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports to conduct the 2016-17 Swiss Federal Surveys of Adolescents (ch-x), which focuses on the topic of the geographical mobility of young people. ch-x are long-established large-scale surveys conducted amongst 19 to 21-year-old Swiss citizens. They provide virtually full coverage of young men drafted into the army, as well as a sample of women of the same age. The 2016-17 edition will allow an entire cohort of young men over a two-year period to be examined, as well as a complementary sample of approximately 2,000 women of the same age. Never before has there been a large-scale survey of this nature on the topic of mobility, with a special focus on language, professional and cultural stays in other language areas of Switzerland and abroad. The comprehensiveness of the paper questionnaire (over 100 questions) as well as the number of respondents in the dataset (more than 40,000) result in extremely rich data that will enable significant contributions in the fields of mobility and youth studies. First results, in the form of a publication for the general public are expected to be released in 2019. Subsequently, the data will be made available to the scientific community for further analysis. FORS won the open tender by the Swiss Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports to conduct the 2016-17 Swiss Federal Surveys of Adolescents (ch-x), which focuses on the topic of the geographical mobility of young people. ch-x are long-established large-scale surveys conducted amongst 19 to 21-year-old Swiss citizens. They provide virtually full coverage of young men drafted into the army, as well as a sample of women of the same age. The 2016-17 edition will allow an entire cohort of young men over a two-year period to be examined, as well as a complementary sample of approximately 2,000 women of the same age. Never before has there been a large-scale survey of this nature on the topic of mobility, with a special focus on language, professional and cultural stays in other language areas of Switzerland and abroad. The comprehensiveness of the paper questionnaire (over 100 questions) as well as the number of respondents in the dataset (more than 40,000) result in extremely rich data that will enable significant contributions in the fields of mobility and youth studies.

The hydro polygon/arc coverages were created using TIGER/LINE 2000 shapefile data gathered from ESRI's Geography Network. The individual county hydrography line shapefiles were processed into Arc/Info coverages and then appended together to create complete state coverages. They were then edited to remove unwanted features, leaving a state-by-state database of both important and navigable water features. Attributes were added to denote navigable features and names. Also, an attribute was added to the polygons to denote which were water and which were land features. The state databases were then appended together to create a single, nationwide hydrography network containing named arcs and polygons. These features also contain a state FIPS. Because some of the hydro features are represented by lines instead of polygons, the complete hydro dataset consists of 2 shapefiles, one for lines and one for polygons. They must be used together to paint a complete picture.

This data set illustrates the number of active troops by active service, reserve force, paramilitary, total troops, and active troops per thousand people across the globe. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_active_troops August 27, 2007

The United States Military Installations database contains the boundaries and location information for important military installations in the United States and Puerto Rico. The database includes records for 405 military installations. Source: National Transportation Atlas Database URL: http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_atlas_database/2006/

This dataset gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). Source: CIA World Factbook 2007: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#2010 Accessed: 10.2.07

This dataset displays the number of active duty military personnel injuries and deaths during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. This data is current as of April 26, 2008. It displays statistics regarding hostile, and non hostile deaths and injuries. These figures are broken down by state. * WIA (act) = Actual Wounded in Action (WIA) with home of record for the specified state H=Hostile; NH=Non-hostile * WIA (est) = Additional estimated WIA for the state based on reported losses (not all WIA records have home of record detail)

This dataset includes over 200 US military cemeteries, compiled using information from the National Cemetery Administration, National Park Service, American Battlefield Commission, US Army, state veterans departments, and others. For the majority of cemeteries, within the description field, you will find a link to the cemetery's web page along with the physical address. This data was found online at http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/132750/an/0/page/0#132750.

This Dataset shows the locations and project names for Levees of concern according to the US Army Corps of Engineers. An unacceptable maintenance rating means a levee has one or more deficient conditions that can reasonably be foreseen to prevent the project from functioning as designed. Examples of maintenance deficiencies include: animal burrows, erosion, tree growth, movement of floodwalls or faulty culvert conditions.

This data set illustrates the ranking of military size by countries across the globe. The value of -1 means that no data was available. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_size_of_armed_forces August 27, 2007

In November 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush, visiting Europe for a NATO summit, declared that "should Iraqi President Saddam Hussein choose not to disarm, the United States will lead a coalition of the willing to disarm him." This dataset is a list of countries included in the "Coalition of the Willing." http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030327-10.html The original list prepared in March 2003 included 49 members. Of those 49, only four besides the U.S. contributed troops to the invasion force (the United Kingdom, Australia, Poland, and Denmark). 33 provided some number of troops to support the occupation after the invasion was complete. At least six members have no military. The war was deeply unpopular amongst the citizens of all the coalition countries except the United States and at least one, Costa Rica (which has no armed forces), requested in September 2004 to no longer be considered a member. Today the official White House list of the coalition shows 48 member states, however, the relevance of placing several of these members on the list has been questioned. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing#.22Coalition_of_the_willing.22 Accessed on 9 October 2007