About 2.11 million Hispanic families were living below the poverty level in the United States in 2023.Poverty is the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter.

Between 2018 and 2022, Americans who identified as Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic or Latino were most likely to be living in low-income households across all generations in the United States. Within the provided time period, ** percent of Generation Alpha who were Black lived in families with incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, followed by ** percent who were American Indian or Alaska Native, and ** percent who were Hispanic or Latino.

As rates of metabolic syndrome rise, children consume too few vegetables and too much added sugar. Because children tend to eat what is available at home, the home environment plays a key role in shaping dietary habits. This secondary analysis evaluated the effects of a school-based gardening, cooking, and nutrition education intervention (TX Sprouts) compared to control on the availability of vegetables, fruit juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) at home. In the TX Sprouts cluster-randomized trial, 16 schools were randomized to TX Sprouts (n = 8 schools) or control (n = 8 schools) for one academic year. All schools served predominately Hispanic families with low incomes. TX Sprouts built school gardens and taught 18 lessons to all 3rd-5th grade students at intervention schools. TX Sprouts also offered monthly caregiver lessons before and/or after school. Caregivers completed questionnaires pre and post, providing demographics and information about home availability of vegetables, fruit juice, and SSBs. Summary statistics were used to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Linear regression assessed the change in scores (pre to post) for the food/ beverage availability question. The model was adjusted for the caregiver’s education, employment status, child’s grade, and free or reduced-price lunch eligibility. The analytic sample included 895 participants. Compared to control, the intervention positively changed the home availability of targeted foods and beverages, largely by improving the availability of vegetables and vegetable juice. This study showed that a school gardening, nutrition, and cooking program delivered to elementary children may positively influence the home food environment.

In 2023, the gross median household income for Asian households in the United States stood at 112,800 U.S. dollars. Median household income in the United States, of all racial and ethnic groups, came out to 80,610 U.S. dollars in 2023. Asian and Caucasian (white not Hispanic) households had relatively high median incomes, while the median income of Hispanic, Black, American Indian, and Alaskan Native households all came in lower than the national median. A number of related statistics illustrate further the current state of racial inequality in the United States. Unemployment is highest among Black or African American individuals in the U.S. with 8.6 percent unemployed, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2021. Hispanic individuals (of any race) were most likely to go without health insurance as of 2021, with 22.8 percent uninsured.

In 2023, **** percent of Black people living in the United States were living below the poverty line, compared to *** percent of white people. That year, the total poverty rate in the U.S. across all races and ethnicities was **** percent. Poverty in the United States Single people in the United States making less than ****** U.S. dollars a year and families of four making less than ****** U.S. dollars a year are considered to be below the poverty line. Women and children are more likely to suffer from poverty, due to women staying home more often than men to take care of children, and women suffering from the gender wage gap. Not only are women and children more likely to be affected, racial minorities are as well due to the discrimination they face. Poverty data Despite being one of the wealthiest nations in the world, the United States had the third highest poverty rate out of all OECD countries in 2019. However, the United States' poverty rate has been fluctuating since 1990, but has been decreasing since 2014. The average median household income in the U.S. has remained somewhat consistent since 1990, but has recently increased since 2014 until a slight decrease in 2020, potentially due to the pandemic. The state that had the highest number of people living below the poverty line in 2020 was California.

This study was in response to Grant Number HHS-2020-ACF-OZA-ZB-1817 from the Office of Family Assistance (OFA) within the Administration for Children and Families (ACF, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Study enrollment began on April 1, 2021, and continued through March 1, 2024. The sample size for the study was 1,403. The goal of the descriptive evaluation was to assess the extent to which participation in the program was associated with improved parenting, co-parenting, and financial attitudes and behaviors among program participants. The aim of the AVANCE-Houston FRAMEWorks program was to promote healthy family relationships and economic stability, particularly in areas with a high number of single-family households, high poverty rates, low educational attainment, and high incidences of domestic violence. We believe this report can inform practitioners in the HMRF field and beyond about innovative approaches that help adults from predominately low-income households build the skills necessary to engage in healthy relationships and economic behaviors. Primary research questions for this study are as follows: a) How did parenting attitude outcomes change from program enrollment to program completion? b) How did parenting behavior outcomes change from program enrollment to one year after enrollment? c) How did partner relationship attitude outcomes change from program enrollment to program completion? d) How did partner relationship behavior outcomes change from program enrollment to one year after enrollment? e) How did employment attitude outcomes change from program enrollment to one year after enrollment? f) How did financial readiness behavior outcomes change from program enrollment to one year after enrollment? Secondary research questions for this study are as follows: g) How did participant outcomes above change from program enrollment to program completion or one year after enrollment when delivering the SSHF curriculum with a virtual format compared to an in-person format? h) How did participant outcomes above change from program enrollment to program completion or one year after enrollment when delivering the SSHF curriculum in English-language compared to Spanish-language? Implementation study research questions are as follows: a) To what extent is the SSHF curriculum received by program participants? b) What were the unplanned adaptations to key intervention components? Participants in the study resided in the greater Houston, TX area. At 76%, the majority of AVANCE FRAMEWorks participants received the program virtually. The average age of participants was 40 years, and almost three-fourths reported that they were in a relationship. The average age of their youngest child was just above eight years of age. Most (75%) participants were female. The majority of participants (64%) indicated they were Hispanic, with exactly 50% reporting their race as White and 26% as Black or African American. About 44% of participants reported having full-time employment, and 35% reported being either unemployed or a stay-at-home parent/homemaker at the time of survey completion. Paired t-tests were conducted on continuous constructs using timepoint 1 (nFORM Entrance, OLLE Pre) and timepoint 2 (nFORM Exit, OLLE Post, OLLE Follow-Up) data. For categorical variables—such as yes/no questions about having a checking or savings account or a resume—McNemar’s chi-square tests were used to compare pre- to post-test differences in proportions. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, and no adjustments for multiple comparisons were made. Tests were reported in terms of p-values. Results were significant and positive for participants’ partner relationships, financial readiness, and employment outlook. We did not find a significant association with the parenting attitudes outcome, measured from baseline to post-program, or parenting behaviors outcome, measured from baseline to one-year post-enrollment. When analyzing virtual and in-person subgroups, we found the same positive results in the group of participants who received the program virtually compared to the overall results. We also found similar results for participants who received the program in person; however, there was not a significant association with employment outlook. We found high rates of program retention, with 95% of participants reaching the required number of curriculum hours on average.

In 2023, about 26.9 percent of Asian private households in the U.S. had an annual income of 200,000 U.S. dollars and more. Comparatively, around 13.9 percent of Black households had an annual income under 15,000 U.S. dollars.

This graph shows the Percentage of households led by a female householder with no spouse present with own children under 18 years living in the household in the U.S. in 2021, by state. In 2021, about 4.24 percent of Californian households were single mother households with at least one child.

Additional information on single mother households and poverty in the United States

For most single mothers a constant battle persists between finding the time and energy to raise their children and the demands of working to supply an income to house and feed their families. The pressures of a single income and the high costs of childcare mean that the risk of poverty for these families is a tragic reality. Comparison of the overall United States poverty rate since 1990 with that of the poverty rate for families with a female householder shows that poverty is much more prevalent in the latter. In 2021, while the overall rate was at 11.6 percent, the rate of poverty for single mother families was 23 percent. Moreover, the degree of fluctuation tends to be lower for single female household families, suggesting the rate of poverty for these groups is less affected by economic conditions.

The sharp rise in the number of children living with a single mother or single father in the United States from 1970 to 2022 suggests more must be done to ensure that families in such situations are able to avoid poverty. Moreover, attention should also be placed on overall racial income inequality given the higher rate of poverty for Hispanic single mother families than their white or Asian counterparts.

In 2023, just four in ten Medicaid/CHIP enrollees were White, non-Hispanic. In comparison, roughly three-quarters of Medicare beneficiaries were White. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion in 2014, has helped reduce racial disparities in access to healthcare in the United States. Medicaid eligibility Medicaid provides health coverage to certain low-income individuals, families, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Each state has its own Medicaid eligibility criteria in accordance with federal guidelines. As a result, Medicaid eligibility and benefits differ widely from state to state. Medicaid expansion provision under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows states to provide coverage for low-income adults by expanding eligibility for Medicaid to 138 percent of the federal poverty line (FPL). Medicaid coverage gap Uninsured individuals who live in states that have chosen not to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are referred to as being in the Medicaid coverage gap. As of January 2021, 12 states have not adopted the Medicaid expansion provision under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). More than two million uninsured adults fall into this coverage gap, and among them, more than 60 percent are people of color.

U.S. citizens with a professional degree had the highest median household income in 2023, at 172,100 U.S. dollars. In comparison, those with less than a 9th grade education made significantly less money, at 35,690 U.S. dollars. Household income The median household income in the United States has fluctuated since 1990, but rose to around 70,000 U.S. dollars in 2021. Maryland had the highest median household income in the United States in 2021. Maryland’s high levels of wealth is due to several reasons, and includes the state's proximity to the nation's capital. Household income and ethnicity The median income of white non-Hispanic households in the United States had been on the rise since 1990, but declining since 2019. While income has also been on the rise, the median income of Hispanic households was much lower than those of white, non-Hispanic private households. However, the median income of Black households is even lower than Hispanic households. Income inequality is a problem without an easy solution in the United States, especially since ethnicity is a contributing factor. Systemic racism contributes to the non-White population suffering from income inequality, which causes the opportunity for growth to stagnate.

In the fiscal year of 2019, 21.39 percent of active-duty enlisted women were of Hispanic origin. The total number of active duty military personnel in 2019 amounted to 1.3 million people.

Ethnicities in the United States The United States is known around the world for the diversity of its population. The Census recognizes six different racial and ethnic categories: White American, Native American and Alaska Native, Asian American, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. People of Hispanic or Latino origin are classified as a racially diverse ethnicity.

The largest part of the population, about 61.3 percent, is composed of White Americans. The largest minority in the country are Hispanics with a share of 17.8 percent of the population, followed by Black or African Americans with 13.3 percent. Life in the U.S. and ethnicity However, life in the United States seems to be rather different depending on the race or ethnicity that you belong to. For instance: In 2019, native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders had the highest birth rate of 58 per 1,000 women, while the birth rae of white alone, non Hispanic women was 49 children per 1,000 women.

The Black population living in the United States has the highest poverty rate with of all Census races and ethnicities in the United States. About 19.5 percent of the Black population was living with an income lower than the 2020 poverty threshold. The Asian population has the smallest poverty rate in the United States, with about 8.1 percent living in poverty.

The median annual family income in the United States in 2020 earned by Black families was about 57,476 U.S. dollars, while the average family income earned by the Asian population was about 109,448 U.S. dollars. This is more than 25,000 U.S. dollars higher than the U.S. average family income, which was 84,008 U.S. dollars.