This statistic ranks all U.S. Presidents from Washington to Trump using "Presidential Greatness" scores from the annual survey of current and recent members of the Presidents & Executive Politics Section of the American Political Science Association. In 2018, President Donald Trump, debuted on the list in last place with a Presidential Greatness score of 12.

An executive order is one of the most commonly used form of administrative action taken by the President of the United States. It is where an order or directive regarding the management of the U.S. government is signed into law by the president. Executive orders are generally used by presidents to influence U.S. laws and the administration of the country, without the need for a vote in Congress or the Supreme Court; although these orders are subject to judicial review, and can be challenged by the courts or another branch of government. If deemed unlawful or unconstitutional, the order will be revoked or cancelled, and a president may also revoke, cancel or amend any executive order that they, or any other presidents, have made. The U.S.' first 25 presidents signed a combined total of 1,262 executive orders in roughly 112 years, averaging at around 12 per year, however there was a large increase in the number of orders issued in the first half of the twentieth century. Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th U.S. president, was the first to issue more than one thousand executive orders alone; while Woodrow Wilson, who was in office during the First World War, signed more than 1,800. Franklin D. Roosevelt The president who signed the most executive orders was Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), who, during his twelve years in office, signed more than a quarter of all executive orders ever published. While FDR did serve over four years more than any other president, he still issued the highest number of average annual executive orders, with over three hundred per year. FDR was in office throughout most of the Second World War, although the majority of these orders came in his earlier years in office (more than a thousand orders were signed in 1933 and 1934), as he used his New Deal policies to lead the U.S. through its economic recovery from the Great Depression. Roosevelt's most controversial order, however, did relate to the Second World War; this was Order 9066, which saw approximately 120,000 people of Japanese descent, and almost 15,000 ethnic Germans and Italians, interned in concentration camps for almost three years.

Notable orders Arguably, the most famous and well known executive order was Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation** in 1862, which changed the legal status of all enslaved people in the Confederate states during the Civil War, and declared them free in the eyes of the Union. A number of other orders also marked notable milestones in African-American civil rights; including the desegregation of the U.S. military by President Truman in 1948, and the desegregation of public schools by President Eisenhower in 1957. While the number of orders issued by presidents has decreased since the Eisenhower administration, recent presidents have generally issued between 100 and 200 orders during each term. Examples of more controversial orders from recent years include George W. Bush's Order 13233, which tightened restrictions on the accessibility of former U.S. presidents' records, and Donald Trump's Order 13769, which placed travel bans on citizens from a number of Muslim-majority countries; Bush's Order was eventually revoked by Barack Obama the day after his inauguration, while Trump's travel ban was one of several executive orders repealed by Joe Biden on his first day in office.

This Dataset contains year and state-wise total electoral votes, political party, candidate name and electoral votes won by candidates contested in President and Vice-President post in United States of America (USA)

Since 1789, 45 different men have served as President of the United States, and the average age of these men when taking office for the first time was approximately 57 years. Two men, Grover Cleveland and Donald Trump, were elected to two non-consecutive terms, and Donald Trump's victory in 2024 made him the oldest man ever elected as president, where he will be 78 years and seven months old when taking office again. Record holders The oldest president to take office for the first time was Joe Biden in 2021, at 78 years and two months - around five months younger than Donald Trump when he assumes office in 2025. The youngest presidents to take office were Theodore Roosevelt in 1901 (42 years and 322 days), who assumed office following the assassination of William McKinley, and the youngest elected president was John F Kennedy in 1961 (43 years and 236 days). Historically, there seems to be little correlation between age and electability, and the past five presidents have included the two oldest to ever take office, and two of the youngest. Requirements to become president The United States Constitution states that both the President and Vice President must be at least 35 years old when taking office, and must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years of their life. Such restrictions are also in place for members of the U.S. Congress, although the age and residency barriers are lower. Additionally, for the roles of President and Vice President, there is a "natural-born-citizen" clause that was traditionally interpreted to mean candidates must have been born in the U.S. (or were citizens when the Constitution was adopted). However, the clause's ambiguity has led to something of a reinterpretation in the past decades, with most now interpreting it as also applying to those eligible for birthright citizenship, as some recent candidates were born overseas.

Description to be added

This statistic shows the number of days American presidents have spent in office until their public disapproval reached 51 percent from President Truman to President Trump's second term. As of January 28, 2017, President Trump spent only eight days in office until he reached a disapproval rating of 51 percent. In comparison, Joe Biden reached a disapproval rating of 53 percent 240 days after assuming office, the first time it exceeded 51 percent.

The Public Papers of the Presidents, which is compiled and published by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, began in 1957 in response to a recommendation of the National Historical Publications Commission. Noting the lack of uniform compilations of messages and papers of the Presidents before this time, the Commission recommended the establishment of an official series in which Presidential writings, addresses, and remarks of a public nature could be made available.

The United States has had 46 presidents since George Washington's election in 1789. While Washington himself was not affiliated with any political party, and even argued against partisanship (something that the other Founding Fathers agreed with), political differences and personal rivalries between the Founding Fathers eventually led to the founding of the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Washington's successor, John Adams, was the only Federalist president, before the Democratic-Republicans occupied the White House from 1801 until 1829.

Formation of the Democratic and Republican parties

The 1820s again saw political and personal rivalries lead to a split among the country's leadership, and the Democratic-Republican Party made way for the formation of the Democratic Party and the National Republican Party. The Democratic Party was formed by Andrew Jackson and his supporters, and was traditionally the more conservative of the major political parties in the U.S. until the mid-twentieth century. The National Republican Party was short lived, and eventually amalgamated with the Whig Party in the 1830s, who would go on to be the main opposition to the Democratic Party for the subsequent two decades. Four U.S. presidents belonged to the Whig Party, although it may be important to note that these four men only served a combined eight years in office, as two of them died a short while into their tenure. The issue of slavery was the most dominant and divisive issue in U.S. politics in the mid-nineteenth century, and regional splits emerged in both parties; the rifts did not break apart the Democratic Party, who favored state sovereignty on the issue, whereas the divide in the Whig Party saw it splinter into the right-wing Know Nothing Party in the south, and anti-slavery Republican Party in the north. The 1856 election was the first to feature candidates of both the Democratic and Republican Parties, marking the beginning of the major political rivalry that has dominated U.S. politics for the past 160 years.

Realignment

Abraham Lincoln became the U.S.' first Republican president with his victory in the 1860 election. From then until 1933, twelve of the U.S.' 16 presidents belonged to the Republican Party, while just four* were from the Democratic Party. Due to the legacy left by the American Civil War, the southern, former-Confederate states were a political stronghold for the Democratic Party, and rarely voted for Republican candidates in presidential elections; in contrast to this, the north, west and newly-admitted states tended to vote Republican. In the 1910s, the Republican Party transitioned into the more ideologically conservative option of the two major parties, and more fiscally conservative following the Great Depression; however, it was not until the Johnson administration in the 1960s, particularly due to matters regarding African-American civil rights, where the core voter bases switched into what is typically expected today. In the past century, there have been ten Republican and nine Democratic presidents (including Joe Biden), with Democrats occupying the White House for roughly 52 of these years. Republican voters in the twenty-first century are generally more conservative and right-leaning in regards to both economic and social issues, whereas Democratic voters tend to be the opposite. There are also strong correlations between political parties and their voters, based on issues such as location, ethnicity, wealth, education and age.

Generally, Barack Obama received the highest confidence rating around the world of the last four U.S. presidents. By comparison, George W. Bush's confidence rating was overall low, with less than 10 percent having confidence in him to do the right thing in world affairs in Argentina and Spain. Moreover, President Joe Biden was generally more popular than Donald J. Trump, but Trump was slightly more popular in Israel.

In the 2021 C-SPAN Survey of Presidential Leadership, Abraham Lincoln was chosen as the country's top ranked president for the fourth time in a row. This is the fourth survey of its kind; the first was conducted in 2000, during Bill Clinton's final year in office, while the subsequent three surveys were held in the years after each respective president left office. Compared to the previous survey, the top nine presidents have remained in the same positions, while Barack Obama moved up from 12th place in 2017 to round out the top 10 in 2021. The bottom three presidents also remained unchanged from previous surveys, and were Abraham Lincoln's two predecessors and successor, ranked so low due to their perceived failures before and after the American Civil War.

Criteria A total of 142 experts took part in this survey, and were asked to rank each president on a scale of one (not effective) to ten (very effective) across ten different qualities. Scores in each area were then converted to an average value out of 100, and combined to give a total score out of 1,000. Generally, there was a strong correlation across the board in each area, for example, Lincoln ranked among the top four in each individual area, while Buchanan was in the bottom three of each. Despite this, there was some deviation; Lyndon Johnson was ranked second in the category Pursued Equal Justice For All, but 39th in International Relations. There has also been deviation over time, such as Woodrow Wilson falling from sixth place overall in 2000, to 13th place in 2021, or Ulysses S. Grant moving up from 33rd to 20th over the same period, as perceptions of past presidents' performances are revised over time.

Donald Trump The most recent president, Donald Trump, made his first appearance at number 41 on the list, out of a total of 44 entries (Grover Cleveland is generally viewed as the 22nd and 24th president, but has been included once here). In the individual criteria, Trump was ranked last in both Moral Authority and Administrative Skills, whereas Public Persuasion was the only area where he did not feature in the bottom quartile. The next survey will likely take place in either 2025 or 2029, at the end of Joe Biden's time in office, while we may be seeing Trump re-evaluated in the 2029 survey if he does run for office again and takes victory in the 2024 election.

Every four years in the United States, the electoral college system is used to determine the winner of the presidential election. In this system, each state has a fixed number of electors based on their population size, and (generally speaking) these electors then vote for their candidate with the most popular votes within their state or district. Since 1964, there have been 538 electoral votes available for presidential candidates, who need a minimum of 270 votes to win the election. Because of this system, candidates do not have to win over fifty percent of the popular votes across the country, but just win in enough states to receive a total of 270 electoral college votes. The use of this system is a source of debate in the U.S.; those in favor claim that it prevents candidates from focusing on the interests of urban populations, and must also appeal to smaller and less-populous states, and they say that this system preserves federalism and the two-party system. However, critics argue that this system does not represent the will of the majority of American voters, and that it encourages candidates to disproportionally focus on winning in swing states, where the outcome is more difficult to predict. Popular results From 1789 until 1820, there was no popular vote, and the President was then chosen only by the electors from each state. George Washington was unanimously voted for by the electorate, receiving one hundred percent of the votes in both elections. From 1824, the popular vote has been conducted among American citizens, to help electors decide who to vote for (although the 1824 winner was chosen by the House of Representatives, as no candidate received over fifty percent of electoral votes). Since 1924, the difference in the share of both votes has varied, with several candidates receiving over ninety percent of the electoral votes while only receiving between fifty and sixty percent of the popular vote. The highest difference was for Ronald Reagan in 1980, where he received just 50.4 percent of the popular vote, but 90.9 percent of the electoral votes. Unpopular winners Since 1824, there have been 49 elections, and in 18 of these the winner did not receive over fifty percent of the popular vote. In the majority of these cases, the winner did receive a plurality of the votes, however there have been five instances where the winner of the electoral college vote lost the popular vote to another candidate. The most recent examples of this were in 2000, when George W. Bush received roughly half a million fewer votes than Al Gore, and in 2016, where Hillary Clinton won approximately three million more votes than Donald Trump.

The US presidential election of 1848 was the first US election to be contested on the same day in every state, and it established Tuesday as the statutory day for all future presidential elections in the US. The race was contested by the Whig Party's Zachary Taylor, the Democratic Party's Lewis Cass, and former President Martin van Buren of the newly formed Free Soil Party. Incumbent President James K. Polk did not seek re-election, as he had pledged to serve only one term in his first presidential election campaign (although many historians regard Polk as being among the most effective US presidents of all time). Van Buren wins it for Taylor? The election was won by Zachary Taylor, who became the twelfth President of the United States. Taylor received 47 percent of the popular votes, compared to Cass' 43 percent. Despite this difference, both candidates won fifteen states each, however Taylor's states had larger populations, and he therefore received 56 percent of the electoral votes, compared to Cass' 44 percent. Despite former President Van Buren not winning any electoral votes, he did receive over ten percent of the popular votes, with many historians agreeing that these were mostly taken from the Democratic nominee. Therefore, this was the second election in a row where the third party candidate may have taken a significant number of votes that prevented the runner-up from becoming president. History repeats itself This victory was the second victory for a candidate from the Whig Party, with the first being that of William Henry Harrison in 1840, and just like Harrison, Taylor passed away while in office, making him the second President of the US to do so (although Taylor served as President for over a year, while Harrison died within a month). Taylor was succeeded by his Vice President Millard Fillmore, who became the thirteenth President of the United States.

In the United States, Republican voters perceive Republican presidents to enjoy higher respect among world leaders than Democratic presidents and vice versa. For example, less than 10 percent of Republicans believe that Joe Biden is respected by world leaders, whereas nearly 80 percent of Democrats believe the same. Independent voters fall somewhere in the middle.

This study contains a subset of items from the SURVEY OF CONSUMER FINANCES, 1964 (ICPSR 7444) that focused on the public's perception of the presidential transition subsequent to the assassination of President Kennedy. Variables assessed respondents' political preferences and opinions of the Johnson administration as compared with Kennedy's. Other questions probed the respondents' views on business conditions, unemployment, and foreign policy. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, religious preference, party identification, education, income, and occupation.

Americans perceived that George W. Bush reached the highest respect levels among world leaders of the last four U.S. presidents. This happened in February 2002, only half a year after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. However, the perceived respect of President Bush decline since, dropping to 21 percent in 2008, the lowest received by any of the four presidents. The perceived respect of Bush, Obama, and Biden declined during their presidential terms, whereas that of Donald Trump increased.

This data file contains constituency (state-level) returns for elections to the U.S. presidency from 1976 to 2020.

Data from Dave Leip's atlas of U.S. presidential elections separated by County. For use by University of Toronto students, staff, and faculty only. Requires UTORid login. Files with State abbreviation in name are presented by: congressional district, legislative district, region and precinct. Also includes tab for update log. Files with no State abbreviation in the title provide tabs for data by state, county, town, party. Also includes graphs, information on candidates, statistics, ballots, notes, data sources and update log. Files with PrimD and PrimR in the title provide data for the Democratic and Republican primaries.

David Leip provides election returns from presidential, senatorial, gubernatorial and House races at state, county and precinct level. Data includes names of candidates, parties, popular and electoral vote totals, voter turnout, and more. While some data is available for free on David Leip’s website, MIT researchers have access to more granular data from following elections and years: Presidential Primaries (county level): 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 Presidential General Elections Results by: State: 1824-2012 County: 1980, 2016, 2020 Precincts: 1992, 1996, 2016, 2020 Congressional districts: 2016, 2020 House of Representatives (General Election, county level): 1992 – 2020 U.S. Senate (General Election, county level): 2020 Registration and Turnout (General Election , county level): 1992-2020

The election of Donald Trump not only placed a political outsider in the center of power in America’s federal government, it also put him in a dominant position within the Republican Party as a national organization. While political scientists have traditionally described the parties national committees as inconsequential but impartial service providers, scholars have also long argued that incumbent presidents have considerable control over their party’s national committee. In this paper, I explore the nature of presidential power over the party-in-organization, and whether Trump can take advantage of his control over the Republican National Committee. I show that presidential domination over the party-in-organization is based on the president’s ability to nominate and replace the national committee’s chair, and that presidents have used this power to push their committees to promote both their preferred policy positions and themselves. I argue this means Trump has the ability to use the RNC to promote the GOP as ‘his’ party – including during a potential primary challenge for his re-nomination in 2020.

The President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) is a U.S. Government initiative designed to reduce malaria deaths and illnesses in target countries in sub-Saharan Africa with a long-term vision of a world without malaria. This asset contains two data files that hold budget code information for projects with the associated FY18 budget and activity descriptions. USAID has made these data publicly available since 2006 as part of the Country Malaria Operating Plans. The data are updated annually.