First, we would like to thank the wildland fire advisory group. Their wisdom and guidance helped us build the dataset as it currently exists. This dataset is comprised of two different zip files. Zip File 1: The data within this zip file are composed of two wildland fire datasets. (1) A merged dataset consisting of 40 different wildfire and prescribed fire layers. The original 40 layers were all freely obtained from the internet or provided to the authors free of charge with permission to use them. The merged layers were altered to contain a consistent set of attributes including names, IDs, and dates. This raw merged dataset contains all original polygons many of which are duplicates of the same fire. This dataset also contains all the errors, inconsistencies, and other issues that caused some of the data to be excluded from the combined dataset. Care should be used when working with this dataset as individual records may contain errors that can be more easily identified in the ...

In 2024, there were a total of 64,897 wildland fires recorded in the United States. This represents an increase of roughly 14 percent from the previous year. That year, California was the state with the highest number of wildfires in the United States.

The State of the Climate is a collection of periodic summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. The State of the Climate Monthly Overview-National Wildfires provides a summary of wildland fires in the U.S. and related weather and climate conditions. Statistical summaries such as the number of fires and acres burned are provided as are reports from the U.S. Drought Monitor and fire danger maps. Monthly reports for the summer "fire season" and annual summaries begin in July 2002. Depending on conditions, reporting was extended beyond the summer and fall seasons, and beginning in 2009 a summary was generated for each month. Following the July 2013 report, and until further notice, NCEI will no longer issue the Wildfire component of its Monthly Climate report. All previous Wildfire reports will be maintained online. Updated statistics will be updated on our Wildfire Societal Impacts webpage.

These data were used to examine how post-fire sedimentation might change in western USA watersheds with future fire from the decade of 2001-10 through 2041-50. The data include previously published projections (Hawbaker and Zhu, 2012a, b) of areas burned by future wildfires for several climate change scenarios and general circulation models (GCMs) that we summarized for 471 watersheds of the western USA. The data also include previously published predictions (Miller et al., 2011) of first year post-fire hillslope soil erosion from GeoWEPP that we summarized for 471 watersheds of the western USA. We synthesized these summarized data in order to project sediment yield from future fires for 471 watersheds through the year 2050 at the hydrologic unit 8 (HUC8) scale. The detailed methods, results, and original data sources (i.e.: Hawbaker and Zhu, 2012a, b; Miller et al., 2011) were reported in the manuscript.

Get data on forest fires, compiled annually for the National Forestry Database

The National Forestry Database includes national forest data and forest management statistics to seve as a credible, accurate and reliable source of information on forest management and its impact on the forest resource.

Forest fire data is grouped into eight categories, which are further broken down by geographic location. These include:

• number of fires by cause class and response category
• area burned by cause class and response category
• number of fires by month and response category
• area burned by month and response category
• number of fires by fire size class and response category
• area burned by fire size class and response category
• area burned by productivity class, stocking class, maturity class and response category
• other fire statistics, such as property losses

Wildfire activity in the United States saw a significant increase in 2024, with approximately *** million acres burned. This marks a more than ********* increase from the previous year. Such development boosts the concerning upward trend in wildfire damage across the country that has developed in the past half a century. Humans or lightning? A wildfire can start by natural causes. In 2024, Oregon and Arizona were the states most affected, each with more than *** cases recorded. Nevertheless, human-caused wildfires continue to play a significant role in the overall landscape. In 2024, over ****** wildfires in the U.S. were attributed to human activity, resulting in more than *** million acres burned. Wildfire suppression The financial burden of wildfire suppression remains substantial. The estimated costs of wildfire suppression in the U.S. stood at almost *** million U.S. dollars in 2023, a 13-fold increase in comparison to 1985. As climate change continues to alter weather patterns and create more favorable conditions for wildfires, the need for effective prevention, management, and suppression strategies is becoming increasingly critical.

The increase in wildfires, particularly in the western U.S., represents one of the greatest threats to multiple native ecosystems. Despite this threat, there is currently no central repository to store both past and current wildfire perimeter data. Currently, wildfire boundaries can only be found in disparate local or national datasets. These datasets are generally restricted to specific locations, fire sizes, or time periods. Our objective was to create a comprehensive national wildfire perimeter dataset by combining all freely available wildfire datasets that we could download. We combined and dissolved individual wildfire polygons from multiple datasets if they were in the same year and overlapped each other or were within 1km of the fire boundary. This combined dataset includes spatial summary statistics such as number of times burned, earliest fire of record, and most recent fire of record.

This filtered version of the layer represents all IRWIN-tracked fires that originated in California or are are less than 100% contained.This layer presents the best-known point and perimeter locations of wildfire occurrences within the United States over the past 7 days. Points mark a location within the wildfire area and provide current information about that wildfire. Perimeters are the line surrounding land that has been impacted by a wildfire.Consumption Best Practices:As a service that is subject to very high usage, ensure peak performance and accessibility of your maps and apps by avoiding the use of non-cacheable relative Date/Time field filters. To accommodate filtering events by Date/Time, we suggest using the included "Age" fields that maintain the number of days or hours since a record was created or last modified, compared to the last service update. These queries fully support the ability to cache a response, allowing common query results to be efficiently provided to users in a high demand service environment.When ingesting this service in your applications, avoid using POST requests whenever possible. These requests can compromise performance and scalability during periods of high usage because they too are not cacheable.Source:  Wildfire points are sourced from Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) and perimeters from National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC). Current Incidents: This layer provides a near real-time view of the data being shared through the Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) service. IRWIN provides data exchange capabilities between participating wildfire systems, including federal, state and local agencies. Data is synchronized across participating organizations to make sure the most current information is available. The display of the points are based on the NWCG Fire Size Classification applied to the daily acres attribute.Current Perimeters: This layer displays fire perimeters posted to the National Incident Feature Service. It is updated from operational data and may not reflect current conditions on the ground. For a better understanding of the workflows involved in mapping and sharing fire perimeter data, see the National Wildfire Coordinating Group Standards for Geospatial Operations.Update Frequency:  Every 15 minutes using the Aggregated Live Feed Methodology based on the following filters:Events modified in the last 7 daysEvents that are not given a Fire Out DateIncident Type Kind: FiresIncident Type Category: Prescribed Fire, Wildfire, and Incident ComplexArea Covered: United StatesWhat can I do with this layer? The data includes basic wildfire information, such as location, size, environmental conditions, and resource summaries. Features can be filtered by incident name, size, or date keeping in mind that not all perimeters are fully attributed.Attribute InformationThis is a list of attributes that benefit from additional explanation. Not all attributes are listed.Incident Type Category: This is a breakdown of events into more specific categories.Wildfire (WF) -A wildland fire originating from an unplanned ignition, such as lightning, volcanos, unauthorized and accidental human caused fires, and prescribed fires that are declared wildfires.Prescribed Fire (RX) - A wildland fire originating from a planned ignition in accordance with applicable laws, policies, and regulations to meet specific objectives.Incident Complex (CX) - An incident complex is two or more individual incidents in the same general proximity that are managed together under one Incident Management Team. This allows resources to be used across the complex rather than on individual incidents uniting operational activities.IrwinID: Unique identifier assigned to each incident record in both point and perimeter layers.Acres: these typically refer to the number of acres within the current perimeter of a specific, individual incident, including unburned and unburnable islands.Discovery: An estimate of acres burning upon the discovery of the fire.Calculated or GIS:  A measure of acres calculated (i.e., infrared) from a geospatial perimeter of a fire.Daily: A measure of acres reported for a fire.Final: The measure of acres within the final perimeter of a fire. More specifically, the number of acres within the final fire perimeter of a specific, individual incident, including unburned and unburnable islands.Dates: the various systems contribute date information differently so not all fields will be populated for every fire.FireDiscovery: The date and time a fire was reported as discovered or confirmed to exist. May also be the start date for reporting purposes. Containment: The date and time a wildfire was declared contained. Control: The date and time a wildfire was declared under control.ICS209Report: The date and time of the latest approved ICS-209 report.Current: The date and time a perimeter is last known to be updated.FireOut: The date and time when a fire is declared out.ModifiedOnAge: (Integer) Computed days since event last modified.DiscoveryAge: (Integer) Computed days since event's fire discovery date.CurrentDateAge: (Integer) Computed days since perimeter last modified.CreateDateAge: (Integer) Computed days since perimeter entry created.GACC: A code that identifies one of the wildland fire geographic area coordination centers. A geographic area coordination center is a facility that is used for the coordination of agency or jurisdictional resources in support of one or more incidents within a geographic coordination area.Fire Mgmt Complexity: The highest management level utilized to manage a wildland fire event.Incident Management Organization: The incident management organization for the incident, which may be a Type 1, 2, or 3 Incident Management Team (IMT), a Unified Command, a Unified Command with an IMT, National Incident Management Organization (NIMO), etc. This field is null if no team is assigned.Unique Fire Identifier: Unique identifier assigned to each wildland fire. yyyy = calendar year, SSUUUU = Point Of Origin (POO) protecting unit identifier (5 or 6 characters), xxxxxx = local incident identifier (6 to 10 characters)RevisionsJan 4, 2021: Added Integer fields 'Days Since...' to Current_Incidents point layer and Current_Perimeters polygon layer. These fields are computed when the data is updated, reflecting the current number of days since each record was last updated. This will aid in making 'age' related, cache friendly queries.Mar 12, 2021: Added second set of 'Age' fields for Event and Perimeter record creation, reflecting age in Days since service data update.Apr 21, 2021: Current_Perimeters polygon layer is now being populated by NIFC's newest data source. A new field was added, 'IncidentTypeCategory' to better distinguish Incident types for Perimeters and now includes type 'CX' or Complex Fires. Five fields were not transferrable, and as a result 'Comments', 'Label', 'ComplexName', 'ComplexID', and 'IMTName' fields will be Null moving forward.Apr 26, 2021: Updated Incident Layer Symbology to better clarify events, reduce download size and overhead of symbols. Updated Perimeter Layer Symbology to better distingish between Wildfires and Prescribed Fires.May 5, 2021: Slight modification to Arcade logic for Symbology, refining Age comparison to Zero for fires in past 24-hours.Aug 16, 2021: Enabled Time Series capability on Layers (off by default) using 'Fire Discovery Date' for Incidents and 'Creation Date' for Perimeters.This layer is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

Globally, ************ hectares of tree cover were lost to wildfires in 2023. During the same year, the total area of tree cover loss caused by fires in general (wildfires and other fire events like clearing for agriculture) amounted to ************ hectares.

Based on the FireTracks Scientific Dataset, the global wildfire exposure dataset implements space-time alignment between fire clusters and climate as well as socioeconomic data across the globe from 2002 to 2020. The global wildfire exposure dataset is produced to meet the demand for wildfire exposure and its analysis of global inequity.

The data structure is shown in the following:

• fire_clusters.csv:
  • Contains detailed records of global wildfire clusters, including fire characteristics, geographic distribution, and population exposure.

  • Column	Description	Units	Valid Range	Data Type
    cp	fire component label	-	>=0	int64
    duration	fire duration	days	>= 1	uint16
    maxFRP_sum	sum of maximum fire radiative powers	MW*10	>= 0	float64
    area	total burned area	km^2	>= 0.86 (1 MODIS pixel)	float64
    country	country of occurrence	-	-	string
    continent	continent of occurrence	-	-	string
    dtime_min	ignition date (YYYY-MM-DD)	-	>= 2002-01-01	datetime64
    lat_mean	mean location latitude	degrees	[-180, 180]	float64
    lon_mean	mean location longitude	degrees	[-90, 90]	float64
    exposure	primary population exposure to wildfire	persontime	>=0	int64
    5km_band_pop	secondary population exposure to wildfire	persontime	>=0	int64
    year	year of occurrence	-	[2002, 2020]	int64
    month	month of occurrence	-	[1, 12]	int64

• exposure_four_covariate.csv:
  • Aggregates population exposure and covariates for equity-focused analyses, linking wildfire impacts to socioeconomic and climatic drivers.

  • Column	Description	Units	Valid Range	Data Type
    exposure	population exposed to wildfire	persontime	>=0	int64
    year	year of occurrence	-	[2002, 2020]	int64
    country	country of occurrence	-	-	string
    continent	continent of occurrence	-	-	string
    gdp	National Gross Domestic Product for the corresponding year	million U.S. dollars	>=0	float64
    country_pop	national population of the corresponding year	persontime	>=0	int64
    fwi	Fire Weather Index	-	>=0	float32
    vpd	Vapor Pressure Deficit	kPa	[0, 10]	float32
    ndvi	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	-	[0, 1]	float64
    dnbr	Delta Normalized Burn Ratio	-	[-2, 2]	float64
    iso3	standardized country code for cross-dataset integration	-	-	string
    cluster	results from K-means clustering	-	[0, 2]	int64

Oregon saw the largest area burned by wildfires across the United States in 2024. That year, about 2,232 individual wildfires burned in the northwestern state, ravishing almost 1.89 million acres. Texas followed second, with roughly 1.3 million acres burned due to wildfires that year. Fire season 2021 and California’s wildfire suppression costs As one of the most wildfire-prone states in the country, California spends a significant amount of money on their suppression. Estimates suggest wildfire suppression expenditure in California climbed to 1.2 billion U.S. dollars in the fiscal year ending June 2022. The fiscal year, which includes the summer and fall months of 2021, was among the most devastating fire seasons on record, with that year’s Dixie fire becoming the second-largest California wildfire by acres burned. The Dixie fire was responsible for over 963,000 acres burned across the state that year. Wildfire causes Wildfires are uncontrolled fires burning across any type of combustible vegetation such as grass- and brushland, forests, and agricultural fields. They are also referred to as wildland fires, forest fires, or bushfires, with the latter term particularly common in Australia. Wildfires regularly occur on all continents of the world, except for Antarctica, but are particularly common in dry regions with dense vegetation. As the rise in average global temperatures is changing weather patterns and resulting in more and more countries being affected by dry, hot weather conditions, the severity and rapid spread of wildfires have increased in recent years. The most common causes of wildfires are natural phenomena such as lightning strikes as well as human activity. The area burned due to human-caused wildfires in the U.S. surpassed 1.5 million acres in 2023.

This layer presents the best-known point and perimeter locations of wildfire occurrences within the United States over the past 7 days. Points mark a location within the wildfire area and provide current information about that wildfire. Perimeters are the line surrounding land that has been impacted by a wildfire.Consumption Best Practices:As a service that is subject to Viral loads (very high usage), avoid adding Filters that use a Date/Time type field. These queries are not cacheable and WILL be subject to Rate Limiting by ArcGIS Online. To accommodate filtering events by Date/Time, we encourage using the included "Age" fields that maintain the number of Days or Hours since a record was created or last modified compared to the last service update. These queries fully support the ability to cache a response, allowing common query results to be supplied to many users without adding load on the service.When ingesting this service in your applications, avoid using POST requests, these requests are not cacheable and will also be subject to Rate Limiting measures.Source:  Wildfire points are sourced from Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) and perimeters from National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC). Current Incidents: This layer provides a near real-time view of the data being shared through the Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) service. IRWIN provides data exchange capabilities between participating wildfire systems, including federal, state and local agencies. Data is synchronized across participating organizations to make sure the most current information is available. The display of the points are based on the NWCG Fire Size Classification applied to the daily acres attribute.Current Perimeters: This layer displays fire perimeters posted to the National Incident Feature Service. It is updated from operational data and may not reflect current conditions on the ground. For a better understanding of the workflows involved in mapping and sharing fire perimeter data, see the National Wildfire Coordinating Group Standards for Geospatial Operations.Update Frequency:  Every 15 minutes using the Aggregated Live Feed Methodology based on the following filters:Events modified in the last 7 daysEvents that are not given a Fire Out DateIncident Type Kind: FiresIncident Type Category: Prescribed Fire, Wildfire, and Incident ComplexArea Covered: United StatesWhat can I do with this layer? The data includes basic wildfire information, such as location, size, environmental conditions, and resource summaries. Features can be filtered by incident name, size, or date keeping in mind that not all perimeters are fully attributed.Attribute InformationThis is a list of attributes that benefit from additional explanation. Not all attributes are listed.Incident Type Category: This is a breakdown of events into more specific categories.Wildfire (WF) -A wildland fire originating from an unplanned ignition, such as lightning, volcanos, unauthorized and accidental human caused fires, and prescribed fires that are declared wildfires.Prescribed Fire (RX) - A wildland fire originating from a planned ignition in accordance with applicable laws, policies, and regulations to meet specific objectives.Incident Complex (CX) - An incident complex is two or more individual incidents in the same general proximity that are managed together under one Incident Management Team. This allows resources to be used across the complex rather than on individual incidents uniting operational activities.IrwinID: Unique identifier assigned to each incident record in both point and perimeter layers.Acres: these typically refer to the number of acres within the current perimeter of a specific, individual incident, including unburned and unburnable islands.Discovery: An estimate of acres burning upon the discovery of the fire.Calculated or GIS:  A measure of acres calculated (i.e., infrared) from a geospatial perimeter of a fire.Daily: A measure of acres reported for a fire.Final: The measure of acres within the final perimeter of a fire. More specifically, the number of acres within the final fire perimeter of a specific, individual incident, including unburned and unburnable islands.Dates: the various systems contribute date information differently so not all fields will be populated for every fire.FireDiscovery: The date and time a fire was reported as discovered or confirmed to exist. May also be the start date for reporting purposes. Containment: The date and time a wildfire was declared contained. Control: The date and time a wildfire was declared under control.ICS209Report: The date and time of the latest approved ICS-209 report.Current: The date and time a perimeter is last known to be updated.FireOut: The date and time when a fire is declared out.ModifiedOnAge: (Integer) Computed days since event last modified.DiscoveryAge: (Integer) Computed days since event's fire discovery date.CurrentDateAge: (Integer) Computed days since perimeter last modified.CreateDateAge: (Integer) Computed days since perimeter entry created.GACC: A code that identifies one of the wildland fire geographic area coordination centers. A geographic area coordination center is a facility that is used for the coordination of agency or jurisdictional resources in support of one or more incidents within a geographic coordination area.Fire Mgmt Complexity: The highest management level utilized to manage a wildland fire event.Incident Management Organization: The incident management organization for the incident, which may be a Type 1, 2, or 3 Incident Management Team (IMT), a Unified Command, a Unified Command with an IMT, National Incident Management Organization (NIMO), etc. This field is null if no team is assigned.Unique Fire Identifier: Unique identifier assigned to each wildland fire. yyyy = calendar year, SSUUUU = Point Of Origin (POO) protecting unit identifier (5 or 6 characters), xxxxxx = local incident identifier (6 to 10 characters)RevisionsJan 4, 2021: Added Integer fields 'Days Since...' to Current_Incidents point layer and Current_Perimeters polygon layer. These fields are computed when the data is updated, reflecting the current number of days since each record was last updated. This will aid in making 'age' related, cache friendly queries.Mar 12, 2021: Added second set of 'Age' fields for Event and Perimeter record creation, reflecting age in Days since service data update.Apr 21, 2021: Current_Perimeters polygon layer is now being populated by NIFC's newest data source. A new field was added, 'IncidentTypeCategory' to better distinguish Incident types for Perimeters and now includes type 'CX' or Complex Fires. Five fields were not transferrable, and as a result 'Comments', 'Label', 'ComplexName', 'ComplexID', and 'IMTName' fields will be Null moving forward.Apr 26, 2021: Updated Incident Layer Symbology to better clarify events, reduce download size and overhead of symbols. Updated Perimeter Layer Symbology to better distingish between Wildfires and Prescribed Fires.May 5, 2021: Slight modification to Arcade logic for Symbology, refining Age comparison to Zero for fires in past 24-hours.Aug 16, 2021: Enabled Time Series capability on Layers (off by default) using 'Fire Discovery Date' for Incidents and 'Creation Date' for Perimeters.This layer is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection's Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) annually maintains and distributes an historical wildland fire perimeter dataset from across public and private lands in California. The GIS data is developed with the cooperation of the United States Forest Service Region 5, the Bureau of Land Management, California State Parks, National Park Service and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and is released in the spring with added data from the previous calendar year. Although the dataset represents the most complete digital record of fire perimeters in California, it is still incomplete, and users should be cautious when drawing conclusions based on the data.

This data should be used carefully for statistical analysis and reporting due to missing perimeters (see Use Limitation in metadata). Some fires are missing because historical records were lost or damaged, were too small for the minimum cutoffs, had inadequate documentation or have not yet been incorporated into the database. Other errors with the fire perimeter database include duplicate fires and over-generalization. Additionally, over-generalization, particularly with large old fires, may show unburned "islands" within the final perimeter as burned. Users of the fire perimeter database must exercise caution in application of the data. Careful use of the fire perimeter database will prevent users from drawing inaccurate or erroneous conclusions from the data. This data is updated annually in the spring with fire perimeters from the previous fire season. This dataset may differ in California compared to that available from the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) due to different requirements between the two datasets. The data covers fires back to 1878. As of May 2025, it represents fire24_1.

Please help improve this dataset by filling out this survey with feedback:

Historic Fire Perimeter Dataset Feedback (arcgis.com)

Current criteria for data collection are as follows:

CAL FIRE (including contract counties) submit perimeters ≥10 acres in timber, ≥50 acres in brush, or ≥300 acres in grass, and/or ≥3 impacted residential or commercial structures, and/or caused ≥1 fatality.

All cooperating agencies submit perimeters ≥10 acres.

Version update:

Firep24_1 was released in April 2025. Five hundred forty-eight fires from the 2024 fire season were added to the database (2 from BIA, 56 from BLM, 197 from CAL FIRE, 193 from Contract Counties, 27 from LRA, 8 from NPS, 55 from USFS and 8 from USFW). Six perimeters were added from the 2025 fire season (as a special case due to an unusual January fire siege). Five duplicate fires were removed, and the 2023 Sage was replaced with a more accurate perimeter. There were 900 perimeters that received updated attribution (705 removed “FIRE” from the end of Fire Name field and 148 replaced Complex IRWIN ID with Complex local incident number for COMPLEX_ID field). The following fires were identified as meeting our collection criteria but are not included in this version and will hopefully be added in a future update: Addie (2024-CACND-002119), Alpaugh (2024-CACND-001715), South (2024-CATIA-001375). One perimeter is missing containment date that will be updated in the next release.

Cross checking CALFIRS reporting for new CAL FIRE submissions to ensure accuracy with cause class was added to the compilation process. The cause class domain description for “Powerline” was updated to “Electrical Power” to be more inclusive of cause reports.

Includes separate layers filtered by criteria as follows:

California Fire Perimeters (All): Unfiltered. The entire collection of wildfire perimeters in the database. It is scale dependent and starts displaying at the country level scale.

Recent Large Fire Perimeters (≥5000 acres): Filtered for wildfires greater or equal to 5,000 acres for the last 5 years of fires (2020-January 2025), symbolized with color by year and is scale dependent and starts displaying at the country level scale. Year-only labels for recent large fires.

California Fire Perimeters (1950+): Filtered for wildfires that started in 1950-January 2025. Symbolized by decade, and display starting at country level scale.

Detailed metadata is included in the following documents:

Wildland Fire Perimeters (Firep24_1) Metadata

For any questions, please contact the data steward:

Kim Wallin, GIS Specialist

CAL FIRE, Fire & Resource Assessment Program (FRAP)

kimberly.wallin@fire.ca.gov

National burn probability (BP) and conditional fire intensity level (FIL) data were generated for the conterminous United States (US) using a geospatial Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to estimate probabilistic components of wildfire risk (Finney et al. [2011]). The FSim system includes modules for weather generation, wildfire occurrence, fire growth, and fire suppression. FSim is designed to simulate the occurrence and growth of wildfires under tens of thousands of hypothetical contemporary fire seasons in order to estimate the probability of a given area (i.e., pixel) burning under current landscape conditions and fire management practices. The data presented here represent modeled BP and FIL for the conterminous US at a 270-meter grid spatial resolution. The six FILs correspond to flame-length classes as follows: FIL1 = < 2 feet (ft); FIL2 = 2 < 4 ft.; FIL3 = 4 < 6 ft.; FIL4 = 6 < 8 ft.; FIL5 = 8 < 12 ft.; FIL6 = 12+ ft. Because they indicate conditional probabilities (i.e., representing the likelihood of burning at a certain intensity level, given that a fire occurs), the FIL*_20160830 data must be used in conjunction with the BP_20160830 data for risk assessment.

Forest fire incidents are becoming increasingly common around the world, posing a threat to the environment, economy, and social life. These wildfires are further expected to rise in their frequency and intensity, considering the global climate change and human activities. A variety of attributes must be studied in order to analyse relationships between the probable causes of fire and the characteristics of wildfire incidents, and inform decision-making. Such attributes are available or easily collectable in various regions around the world, but they are not readily available in the South American Amazon. The Amazon rainforest covers such a large area that acquiring a useful dataset necessitates extensive effort and computer intensive pre-processing. The associated study to this dataset investigates potential data sources for the Amazon, establishes a methodological baseline, and prepares a dataset of covariates thought to be contributing to the wildfire ignition process. The dataset is intended to be used for forest fire studies, specifically spatio-temporal and statistical analysis of wildfires. The study provides three sets of (i) raw data (acquired data with a global extent), (ii) pre-processed data (source data transformed to the same projection system and same file format), and (iii) working data (cropped to Amazon region extent with spatial resolution of 500 meters and monthly temporal resolution, to enable the scientific community to work with various possibilities of forest-fire analysis, and to further encourage research in study areas in the other parts of the world.

This statistic shows the number of people killed in major forest, brush or wildfires from 1900 to 2016. Approximately 1,000 persons were killed by the Cloquet, Minnesota fire in the United States on October 15, 1918.

1918 Cloquet Fire in the United States – additional information

As shown in the statistic above, the forest fire which occurred on October 15, 1918 caused approximately 1,000 fatalities. The massive fire took place in northern Minnesota and remains one of the most destructive forest fires in Minnesota’s recorded history. The fire was named, the Cloquet Fire, because this was the region where the damage was the worst. In total, 38 communities were damaged and approximately 250 thousand acres of land were burned. The Cloquet Fire is still ranked as one of the top ten natural disaster events based on the highest number of fatalities in the United States. It has been assumed that the fire was caused by sparks from a passenger train. Burning for three days, the fire was fueled by a dry, hot summer and strong winds.

In general, wildfires have a relatively unpredictable nature as their spread can vary based on the flammable material and can differ by their extent and wind speeds. Forest fire prevention strategies for detection and suppression have improved significantly since the Cloquet Fire due to technological innovations and the adoption of various skills and methods. Currently, wildfire researchers use technologies that integrate data on weather, topography as well as other factors to predict how fires spread. Nevertheless, wildfires still occur throughout the United States. According to new data released by the National Fire Protection Agency, wildfires scorched more than 10 million acres of land in the U.S. in 2015. The year 2015 was marked by intense drought and dry conditions which contributed to the high levels of wildfire activity.

Ambee’s wildfire dataset captures active fire events, historical fire activity, and forward-looking wildfire risk with global coverage and high confidence. Fire detections are sourced from satellite thermal anomalies and verified reports, filtered to remove ambiguity, and enriched with fire behavior metrics including FRP, FWI, and fire category. Ambee maintains a clean, spatially and temporally complete archive of historical wildfire events, providing a trusted foundation for exposure analysis, ESG modeling, and long-range risk assessments. A proprietary model projects wildfire risk up to four weeks ahead, using inputs such as weather, fuel conditions, terrain, and surface moisture. Forecasts are continuously refined and structured for integration into grid-based models, alerting systems, and operational platforms. Key parameters: • Fire detections with FRP and FWI • Fire type and category (wildfire, prescribed, normal) • Historical wildfire activity archive • Four-week wildfire risk forecast • Real-time detection confidence scores

The dataset is designed for insurers, ESG teams, supply chains, and emergency response systems that need validated, location-specific fire intelligence for proactive planning and real-time mitigation.

Version InformationThe data is updated annually with fire perimeters from the previous calendar year.Firep23_1 was released in May 2024. Two hundred eighty four fires from the 2023 fire season were added to the database (21 from BLM, 102 from CAL FIRE, 72 from Contract Counties, 19 from LRA, 9 from NPS, 57 from USFS and 4 from USFW). The 2020 Cottonwood fire, 2021 Lone Rock and Union fires, as well as the 2022 Lost Lake fire were added. USFW submitted a higher accuracy perimeter to replace the 2022 River perimeter. A duplicate 2020 Erbes fire was removed. Additionally, 48 perimeters were digitized from an historical map included in a publication from Weeks, d. et al. The Utilization of El Dorado County Land. May 1934, Bulletin 572. University of California, Berkeley. There were 2,132 perimeters that received updated attribution, the bulk of which had IRWIN IDs added. The following fires were identified as meeting our collection criteria, but are not included in this version and will hopefully be added in the next update: Big Hill #2 (2023-CAHIA-001020). YEAR_ field changed to a short integer type. San Diego CAL FIRE UNIT_ID changed to SDU (the former code MVU is maintained in the UNIT_ID domains). COMPLEX_INCNUM renamed to COMPLEX_ID and is in process of transitioning from local incident number to the complex IRWIN ID. Perimeters managed in a complex in 2023 are added with the complex IRWIN ID. Those previously added will transition to complex IRWIN IDs in a future update.If you would like a full briefing on these adjustments, please contact the data steward, Kim Wallin (kimberly.wallin@fire.ca.gov), CAL FIRE FRAP._CAL FIRE (including contract counties), USDA Forest Service Region 5, USDI Bureau of Land Management & National Park Service, and other agencies jointly maintain a fire perimeter GIS layer for public and private lands throughout the state. The data covers fires back to 1878. Current criteria for data collection are as follows:CAL FIRE (including contract counties) submit perimeters ≥10 acres in timber, ≥50 acres in brush, or ≥300 acres in grass, and/or ≥3 damaged/ destroyed residential or commercial structures, and/or caused ≥1 fatality.All cooperating agencies submit perimeters ≥10 acres._Discrepancies between wildfire perimeter data and CAL FIRE Redbook Large Damaging FiresLarge Damaging fires in California were first defined by the CAL FIRE Redbook, and has changed over time, and differs from the definition initially used to define wildfires required to be submitted for the initial compilation of this digital fire perimeter data. In contrast, the definition of fires whose perimeter should be collected has changed once in the approximately 30 years the data has been in existence. Below are descriptions of changes in data collection criteria used when compiling these two datasets. To facilitate comparison, this metadata includes a summary, by year, of fires in the Redbook, that do not appear in this fire perimeter dataset. It is followed by an enumeration of each “Redbook” fire missing from the spatial data. Wildfire Perimeter criteria:~1991: 10 acres timber, 30 acres brush, 300 acres grass, damages or destroys three residence or one commercial structure or does $300,000 worth of damage 2002: 10 acres timber, 50 acres brush, 300 acres grass, damages or destroys three or more structures, or does $300,000 worth of damage~2010: 10 acres timber, 30 acres brush, 300 acres grass, damages or destroys three or more structures (doesn’t include out building, sheds, chicken coops, etc.)Large and Damaging Redbook Fire data criteria:1979: Fires of a minimum of 300 acres that burn at least: 30 acres timber or 300 acres brush, or 1500 acres woodland or grass1981: 1979 criteria plus fires that took ,3000 hours of California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection personnel time to suppress1992: 1981 criteria plus 1500 acres agricultural products, or destroys three residence or one commercial structure or does $300,000 damage1993: 1992 criteria but “three or more structures destroyed” replaces “destroys three residence or one commercial structure” and the 3,000 hours of California Department of Forestry personnel time to suppress is removed2006: 300 acres or larger and burned at least: 30 acres of timber, or 300 acres of brush, or 1,500 acres of woodland, or 1,500 acres of grass, or 1,500 acres of agricultural products, or 3 or more structures destroyed, or $300,000 or more dollar damage loss.2008: 300 acres and largerYear# of Missing Large and Damaging Redbook Fires197922198013198115198261983319842019855219861219875619882319898199091991219921619931719942219959199615199791998101999720004200152002162003520042200512006112007320084320093201022011020124201322014720151020162201711201862019220203202102022020230Total488Enumeration of fires in the Redbook that are missing from Fire Perimeter data. Three letter unit code follows fire name.1979-Sylvandale (HUU), Kiefer (AEU), Taylor(TUU), Parker#2(TCU), PGE#10, Crocker(SLU), Silver Spur (SLU), Parkhill (SLU), Tar Springs #2 (SLU), Langdon (SCU), Truelson (RRU), Bautista (RRU), Crocker (SLU), Spanish Ranch (SLU), Parkhill (SLU), Oak Springs(BDU), Ruddell (BDF), Santa Ana (BDU), Asst. #61 (MVU), Bernardo (MVU), Otay #20 1980– Lightning series (SKU), Lavida (RRU), Mission Creek (RRU), Horse (RRU), Providence (RRU), Almond (BDU), Dam (BDU), Jones (BDU), Sycamore (BDU), Lightning (MVU), Assist 73, 85, 138 (MVU)1981– Basalt (LNU), Lightning #25(LMU), Likely (MNF), USFS#5 (SNF), Round Valley (TUU), St. Elmo (KRN), Buchanan (TCU), Murietta (RRU), Goetz (RRU), Morongo #29 (RRU), Rancho (RRU), Euclid (BDU), Oat Mt. (LAC & VNC), Outside Origin #1 (MVU), Moreno (MVU)1982- Duzen (SRF), Rave (LMU), Sheep’s trail (KRN), Jury (KRN), Village (RRU), Yuma (BDF)1983- Lightning #4 (FKU), Kern Co. #13, #18 (KRN)1984-Bidwell (BTU), BLM D 284,337, PNF #115, Mill Creek (TGU), China hat (MMU), fey ranch, Kern Co #10, 25,26,27, Woodrow (KRN), Salt springs, Quartz (TCU), Bonanza (BEU), Pasquel (SBC), Orco asst. (ORC), Canel (local), Rattlesnake (BDF)1985- Hidden Valley, Magic (LNU), Bald Mt. (LNU), Iron Peak (MEU), Murrer (LMU), Rock Creek (BTU), USFS #29, 33, Bluenose, Amador, 8 mile (AEU), Backbone, Panoche, Los Gatos series, Panoche (FKU), Stan #7, Falls #2 (MMU), USFS #5 (TUU), Grizzley, Gann (TCU), Bumb, Piney Creek, HUNTER LIGGETT ASST#2, Pine, Lowes, Seco, Gorda-rat, Cherry (BEU), Las pilitas, Hwy 58 #2 (SLO), Lexington, Finley (SCU), Onions, Owens (BDU), Cabazon, Gavalin, Orco, Skinner, Shell, Pala (RRU), South Mt., Wheeler, Black Mt., Ferndale, (VNC), Archibald, Parsons, Pioneer (BDU), Decker, Gleason(LAC), Gopher, Roblar, Assist #38 (MVU)1986– Knopki (SRF), USFS #10 (NEU), Galvin (RRU), Powerline (RRU), Scout, Inscription (BDU), Intake (BDF), Assist #42 (MVU), Lightning series (FKU), Yosemite #1 (YNP), USFS Asst. (BEU), Dutch Kern #30 (KRN)1987- Peach (RRU), Ave 32 (TUU), Conover (RRU), Eagle #1 (LNU), State 767 aka Bull (RRU), Denny (TUU), Dog Bar (NEU), Crank (LMU), White Deer (FKU), Briceburg (LMU), Post (RRU), Antelope (RRU), Cougar-I (SKU), Pilitas (SLU) Freaner (SHU), Fouts Complex (LNU), Slides (TGU), French (BTU), Clark (PNF), Fay/Top (SQF), Under, Flume, Bear Wallow, Gulch, Bear-1, Trinity, Jessie, friendly, Cold, Tule, Strause, China/Chance, Bear, Backbone, Doe, (SHF) Travis Complex, Blake, Longwood (SRF), River-II, Jarrell, Stanislaus Complex 14k (STF), Big, Palmer, Indian (TNF) Branham (BLM), Paul, Snag (NPS), Sycamore, Trail, Stallion Spring, Middle (KRN), SLU-864 1988- Hwy 175 (LNU), Rumsey (LNU), Shell Creek (MEU), PG&E #19 (LNU), Fields (BTU), BLM 4516, 417 (LMU), Campbell (LNF), Burney (SHF), USFS #41 (SHF), Trinity (USFS #32), State #837 (RRU), State (RRU), State (350 acres), RRU), State #1807, Orange Co. Asst (RRU), State #1825 (RRU), State #2025, Spoor (BDU), State (MVU), Tonzi (AEU), Kern co #7,9 (KRN), Stent (TCU), 1989– Rock (Plumas), Feather (LMU), Olivas (BDU), State 1116 (RRU), Concorida (RRU), Prado (RRU), Black Mt. (MVU), Vail (CNF)1990– Shipman (HUU), Lightning 379 (LMU), Mud, Dye (TGU), State 914 (RRU), Shultz (Yorba) (BDU), Bingo Rincon #3 (MVU), Dehesa #2 (MVU), SLU 1626 (SLU)1991- Church (HUU), Kutras (SHF)1992– Lincoln, Fawn (NEU), Clover, fountain (SHU), state, state 891, state, state (RRU), Aberdeen (BDU), Wildcat, Rincon (MVU), Cleveland (AEU), Dry Creek (MMU), Arroyo Seco, Slick Rock (BEU), STF #135 (TCU)1993– Hoisington (HUU), PG&E #27 (with an undetermined cause, lol), Hall (TGU), state, assist, local (RRU), Stoddard, Opal Mt., Mill Creek (BDU), Otay #18, Assist/ Old coach (MVU), Eagle (CNF), Chevron USA, Sycamore (FKU), Guerrero, Duck1994– Schindel Escape (SHU), blank (PNF), lightning #58 (LMU), Bridge (NEU), Barkley (BTU), Lightning #66 (LMU), Local (RRU), Assist #22 & #79 (SLU), Branch (SLO), Piute (BDU), Assist/ Opal#2 (BDU), Local, State, State (RRU), Gilman fire 7/24 (RRU), Highway #74 (RRU), San Felipe, Assist #42, Scissors #2 (MVU), Assist/ Opal#2 (BDU), Complex (BDF), Spanish (SBC)1995-State 1983 acres, Lost Lake, State # 1030, State (1335 acres), State (5000 acres), Jenny, City (BDU), Marron #4, Asist #51 (SLO/VNC)1996- Modoc NF 707 (Ambrose), Borrego (MVU), Assist #16 (SLU), Deep Creek (BDU), Weber (BDU), State (Wesley) 500 acres (RRU), Weaver (MMU), Wasioja (SBC/LPF), Gale (FKU), FKU 15832 (FKU), State (Wesley) 500 acres, Cabazon (RRU), State Assist (aka Bee) (RRU), Borrego, Otay #269 (MVU), Slaughter house (MVU), Oak Flat (TUU)1997- Lightning #70 (LMU), Jackrabbit (RRU), Fernandez (TUU), Assist 84 (Military AFV) (SLU), Metz #4 (BEU), Copperhead (BEU), Millstream, Correia (MMU), Fernandez (TUU)1998- Worden, Swift, PG&E 39 (MMU), Chariot, Featherstone, Wildcat, Emery, Deluz (MVU), Cajalco Santiago (RRU)1999- Musty #2,3 (BTU), Border # 95 (MVU), Andrews,

This filtered version of the layer represents all IRWIN-tracked fires that originated in California or are are less than 100% contained.This layer presents the best-known point and perimeter locations of wildfire occurrences within the United States over the past 7 days. Points mark a location within the wildfire area and provide current information about that wildfire. Perimeters are the line surrounding land that has been impacted by a wildfire.Consumption Best Practices:As a service that is subject to very high usage, ensure peak performance and accessibility of your maps and apps by avoiding the use of non-cacheable relative Date/Time field filters. To accommodate filtering events by Date/Time, we suggest using the included "Age" fields that maintain the number of days or hours since a record was created or last modified, compared to the last service update. These queries fully support the ability to cache a response, allowing common query results to be efficiently provided to users in a high demand service environment.When ingesting this service in your applications, avoid using POST requests whenever possible. These requests can compromise performance and scalability during periods of high usage because they too are not cacheable.Source:  Wildfire points are sourced from Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) and perimeters from National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC). Current Incidents: This layer provides a near real-time view of the data being shared through the Integrated Reporting of Wildland-Fire Information (IRWIN) service. IRWIN provides data exchange capabilities between participating wildfire systems, including federal, state and local agencies. Data is synchronized across participating organizations to make sure the most current information is available. The display of the points are based on the NWCG Fire Size Classification applied to the daily acres attribute.Current Perimeters: This layer displays fire perimeters posted to the National Incident Feature Service. It is updated from operational data and may not reflect current conditions on the ground. For a better understanding of the workflows involved in mapping and sharing fire perimeter data, see the National Wildfire Coordinating Group Standards for Geospatial Operations.Update Frequency:  Every 15 minutes using the Aggregated Live Feed Methodology based on the following filters:Events modified in the last 7 daysEvents that are not given a Fire Out DateIncident Type Kind: FiresIncident Type Category: Prescribed Fire, Wildfire, and Incident ComplexArea Covered: United StatesWhat can I do with this layer? The data includes basic wildfire information, such as location, size, environmental conditions, and resource summaries. Features can be filtered by incident name, size, or date keeping in mind that not all perimeters are fully attributed.Attribute InformationThis is a list of attributes that benefit from additional explanation. Not all attributes are listed.Incident Type Category: This is a breakdown of events into more specific categories.Wildfire (WF) -A wildland fire originating from an unplanned ignition, such as lightning, volcanos, unauthorized and accidental human caused fires, and prescribed fires that are declared wildfires.Prescribed Fire (RX) - A wildland fire originating from a planned ignition in accordance with applicable laws, policies, and regulations to meet specific objectives.Incident Complex (CX) - An incident complex is two or more individual incidents in the same general proximity that are managed together under one Incident Management Team. This allows resources to be used across the complex rather than on individual incidents uniting operational activities.IrwinID: Unique identifier assigned to each incident record in both point and perimeter layers.Acres: these typically refer to the number of acres within the current perimeter of a specific, individual incident, including unburned and unburnable islands.Discovery: An estimate of acres burning upon the discovery of the fire.Calculated or GIS:  A measure of acres calculated (i.e., infrared) from a geospatial perimeter of a fire.Daily: A measure of acres reported for a fire.Final: The measure of acres within the final perimeter of a fire. More specifically, the number of acres within the final fire perimeter of a specific, individual incident, including unburned and unburnable islands.Dates: the various systems contribute date information differently so not all fields will be populated for every fire.FireDiscovery: The date and time a fire was reported as discovered or confirmed to exist. May also be the start date for reporting purposes. Containment: The date and time a wildfire was declared contained. Control: The date and time a wildfire was declared under control.ICS209Report: The date and time of the latest approved ICS-209 report.Current: The date and time a perimeter is last known to be updated.FireOut: The date and time when a fire is declared out.ModifiedOnAge: (Integer) Computed days since event last modified.DiscoveryAge: (Integer) Computed days since event's fire discovery date.CurrentDateAge: (Integer) Computed days since perimeter last modified.CreateDateAge: (Integer) Computed days since perimeter entry created.GACC: A code that identifies one of the wildland fire geographic area coordination centers. A geographic area coordination center is a facility that is used for the coordination of agency or jurisdictional resources in support of one or more incidents within a geographic coordination area.Fire Mgmt Complexity: The highest management level utilized to manage a wildland fire event.Incident Management Organization: The incident management organization for the incident, which may be a Type 1, 2, or 3 Incident Management Team (IMT), a Unified Command, a Unified Command with an IMT, National Incident Management Organization (NIMO), etc. This field is null if no team is assigned.Unique Fire Identifier: Unique identifier assigned to each wildland fire. yyyy = calendar year, SSUUUU = Point Of Origin (POO) protecting unit identifier (5 or 6 characters), xxxxxx = local incident identifier (6 to 10 characters)RevisionsJan 4, 2021: Added Integer fields 'Days Since...' to Current_Incidents point layer and Current_Perimeters polygon layer. These fields are computed when the data is updated, reflecting the current number of days since each record was last updated. This will aid in making 'age' related, cache friendly queries.Mar 12, 2021: Added second set of 'Age' fields for Event and Perimeter record creation, reflecting age in Days since service data update.Apr 21, 2021: Current_Perimeters polygon layer is now being populated by NIFC's newest data source. A new field was added, 'IncidentTypeCategory' to better distinguish Incident types for Perimeters and now includes type 'CX' or Complex Fires. Five fields were not transferrable, and as a result 'Comments', 'Label', 'ComplexName', 'ComplexID', and 'IMTName' fields will be Null moving forward.Apr 26, 2021: Updated Incident Layer Symbology to better clarify events, reduce download size and overhead of symbols. Updated Perimeter Layer Symbology to better distingish between Wildfires and Prescribed Fires.May 5, 2021: Slight modification to Arcade logic for Symbology, refining Age comparison to Zero for fires in past 24-hours.Aug 16, 2021: Enabled Time Series capability on Layers (off by default) using 'Fire Discovery Date' for Incidents and 'Creation Date' for Perimeters.This layer is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!