Mean reaction time (RTs; in ms) followed by the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) and mean proportion of errors (ERR; in %) followed by standard deviation (SD), depicted separately for same and switched additions (+) and subtractions (−), for the original symbol-switching task (from Experiment 1), the symbol-switching task with letters (from Experiment 2), and the stimulus offset condition from Experiment 2, where the letters offset upon response (Fast Offset).

Mean reaction times (RTs, in ms) followed by the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) and mean proportion of errors (ERR) followed by standard deviation (SD), for big and small single line or two crossed line stimuli, depicted separately for no switch (Same), switched size, switched symbol and size and symbol switched conditions of Experiment 3.

Aggregate statistics (mean, (standard deviation) [minimum, maximum]) of daily entropy rate and limit of probability of different types of segments over 10 houses.

Association between log cystatin-C and diabetes and death status at visit 1, visit 2, and visit 3.

Mean reaction times (RTs; in ms) followed by the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) and mean proportion of errors (ERR, in %) followed by standard deviation (SD) for same and switched addition (+) and subtraction (−) conditions, listed separately for the arithmetic task and the symbol-identification task of Experiment 1.

A positive z value means that the median of the feature for fiducial point A is larger than that for fiducial point B. Significance of the test is indicated as † for p

Descriptive characteristics by background.

The sequence of tooth eruption follows Scheffer and Kraus [47] and is: I2, I1, I3, I2, P1, P1, I3, P2, P2, P3, P4, P3, P4, M1, C1, C1, M1, and M2 (tooth symbols expanded in Table 5). Statistically significant coefficients at P ≤ 0.05 are indicated by an asterisk. P values derive from algorithm AS 89 [48]. Statistical abbreviations and symbols are explained in Table 1.Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficients and Their Statistical Significance between the Sequence of Tooth Eruption and the Arithmetic Mean, Standard Deviation, and Variation and Sexual Dimorphism Indices for Tooth Lengths and Widths in Callorhinus ursinus.

For age, the numbers are mean years for the dyslexia and control groups. For the Raven, the numbers are mean percentiles for the dyslexia and control groups. For reading fluency, the numbers represent means of items that the dyslexia and control groups answered correctly. For Chinese character recognition, the numbers are the numbers of characters children could use correctly in word composition.Characteristics of the participants, with standard deviation in parenthesis.

The mean and standard deviation, shown in brackets, of the behavioral measures and group comparison results.

Mean and standard deviation and Bonferroni post hoc test of IVIRS between participants with high, middle, and low levels of experience and productivity in interdisciplinary work for Study 2.