Globally, those with a higher income typically generate more municipal solid waste (MSW) than those with a lower income. In 2016, those with a high income generated approximately **** kilograms of waste per capita. This was almost **** times more waste generated by those with a low income. By 2050, it is projected that waste generation per capita for all income groups will have increased. Estimates show that by the middle of the century, the global generation of municipal solid waste will amount to a *** billion metric tons. This would be a ** percent increase from 2016.

Biggest waste producers 

The United States is the biggest producer of MSW worldwide per capita, generating *** kilograms a day. However, when all waste types such as industrial, hazardous and agricultural waste are accounted for, Canada is the biggest producer of waste worldwide.

E-waste 

Electronic waste, commonly known as e-waste, is the fastest growing waste stream worldwide. With technology continuously progressing, many products are thrown out to be replaced with newer models. As of 2019, global e-waste generation amounted to ** million metric tons.

This paper uses an overlapping-generations dynamic general equilibrium model of residential sorting and intergenerational human capital accumulation to investigate the effects of neighborhood externalities. In the model, households choose where to live and how much to invest toward the production of their child’s human capital. The return on parents’ investment is determined in part by the child’s ability and in part by an externality from the average human capital in their neighborhood. We use the model to test a prominent hypothesis about the concentration of poverty within racially-segregated neighborhoods (Wilson 1987). We first impose segregation on a model with two neighborhoods and match the model steady state to income and housing data from Chicago in 1960. Next, we lift the restriction on moving and compute the new steady state and corresponding transition path. The transition implied by the model qualitatively supports Wilson’s hypothesis: high-income residents of the low average human capital neighborhood move out, reducing the returns to investment in their old neighborhood. Sorting decreases citywide human capital and produces congestion in the high-income neighborhood, increasing the average cost of housing. On net, average welfare decreases by 3.0 percent of presorting steady state consumption, and 0.01 percent of households starting in the low-income neighborhood receive positive welfare.

In 2023, the national gross income per capita in Nigeria stood at ***** U.S. dollars. Between 2008 and 2023, the figure dropped by ** U.S. dollars, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

The dataset contains data about the 132 U.S. Cities that signed the Cities Race to Zero pledge in 2024. It codes the following for each city: its publicly listed waste diversion rate, the year of that rate, its state, 2022 population, 2022 per capita income, ACEEE score, whether the state has a beverage bill, whether the state has a food waste diversion law, presence of an accredited university, strength of its zero waste plan, strength of its zero waste goals, the type of zero waste related staff person the city has, whether the city is a signatory to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, whether the city is a member of C40, and whether the city is a member of ICLEI.

The United States and Canada were two of the highest per capita generators of municipal solid waste in the world, throwing out about **** kilograms and **** kilograms per day, respectively. Municipal solid waste is defined as the everyday objects thrown out by the public. Globally, humans generate a wide variety of waste types, including plastic waste, food waste, and electronic waste. In terms of e-scrap, the United Kingdom is one of the largest per capita generators in the world, reaching **** kilograms per inhabitant in 2017. Perception of waste Globally, there is a lack of consistency in the way country populations perceive plastic waste and the level of concern they have about waste in the environment. Consumers are also generally divided in the opinion of who should be the most responsible in reducing waste worldwide, whether it be the companies producing and/or selling packaged goods, the government, the consumers, or some combination of all entities. Waste is prevalent in all global economies and the harm that it places on the environment and human health, if not properly disposed of, must be considered in future regulations and policies to allow for sustainable waste management.

Austria and the United States have some of the highest volumes of municipal solid waste generation per capita worldwide, with each citizen producing on average over 800 kilograms annually. In contrast, municipal solid waste generation in Japan stood around 320 kilograms per capita, according to the latest available data. Global waste management landscape Global municipal waste generation is projected to grow 75 percent between 2020 and 2050, nearing four billion metric tons per annum by the latter year. As such, the importance of efficient disposal methods becomes increasingly critical. In 2020, the largest share of global municipal waste was managed in an uncontrolled manner, often ending up in open dumps. Landfilling accounted for another 30 percent, while less than 20 percent was recycled that year. Leading waste management companies French-based Veolia is by far the largest company in the waste management industry in terms of revenue, with 50 billion U.S. dollars generated in 2023. Across the Atlantic, the U.S. is also home to some of the largest waste management companies in the world, including Waste Management Inc., and Republic Services. Despite the high waste generation rates in developed countries, the growth in waste production is forecast to accelerate faster in low-income regions, presenting new challenges and opportunities for waste management companies worldwide.

The statistic shows the growth rate of Australia’s real GDP from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, GDP in Australia grew by about 1.04 percent on the previous year.The recession-proof land down underGDP is one of the primary indicators used to gauge the state and health of a country’s economy. It is the total market value of all final goods and services that have been produced within a country in a given period of time, usually a year. GDP figures allow us to understand a country’s economy in a clear way. Real GDP, in a similar vein, is also a very useful indicator; this is a measurement that takes prices changes (inflation and deflation) into account, therefore acting as a key indicator for economic growth.The gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Australia has, for sometime, been able to get a steady foothold in the somewhat shaky post-recession world, shaky, but far from catastrophic. The annual growth rate between the 2008 and 2009 financial years, for example, a time at which the world was brought to its proverbial knees, saw growth rates down under reach to 2.49 and 1.37 percent respectively on the previous years, whereas the GDP growth rate in the United States plummeted well into the minus zone. Australia, like all other capitalist nations, is at the mercy of international markets, and when the world economy takes a hit, it would be foolish to suggest it could emerge fully unscathed. However, Australia has earned some much deserved praise and attention owing to the fact that it has managed to remain recession-free for the past twenty years. This could be thanks to its abundance of raw materials, the Australian mining boom, the fact the recession came at a time of high commodity prices and, maybe most importantly, that just under a third of its exports go to China.