The pound to euro history reveals that exchange rates in 2022 were not as low as they were during 2008 or since the Brexit referendum. Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound (GBP) weakened against the euro. From a high of 1.43 at the end of November 2015, the GBP to EUR exchange rate has remained below 1.2 since July 2016, sitting at 1.11 as of October 2020. By July 29, 2025, values had reached 1.15 euros per pound. The euro to pound exchange rate can be found on a different page.Hitting UK citizens' pocketsIt is not just European holidaymakers that are hit when the British pound to Euro exchange rate falls. The average UK consumer also feels the pinch as inflation rates often rise to cover the shortfall of the pound. When the inflation rate rises, the price of imported goods goes up and the consumer ends up paying more. GBP to U.S. dollarSince 2016's referendum, the British pound (GBP) fell across the exchange. The GBP's fall against the Euro was also reflected against the U.S. dollar where the exchange rate in May 2016 (pre-referendum) of 1.46 dollars to the pound has fallen significantly.

This report analyses the exchange rate between the Great British pound (GBP) sterling and the US dollar (USD). Figures are quoted in terms of USD ($) per GBP (£), meaning that a rise in the figure represents a stronger comparative pound. The data is sourced from the Bank of England (BoE) in addition to estimates by IBISWorld, with reference to the conditioning assumptions for the sterling effective exchange rate published by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). The figures represent annual averages for each financial year (i.e., April through March). The spot price of the pound sterling in US dollars is determined by the supply and demand of the two currencies, which is in turn predominantly affected by the relative performance of the two economies and differences is monetary policy (i.e., interest rates) and inflation rates. The GBP/USD currency pair is one of the most frequently traded on global foreign exchange markets and, like all money markets, can be relatively volatile. The US dollar is also seen as a "safe-haven" currency, which can also have a significant bearing on the way it trades against other currencies on the global market.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents the distribution of median household income among distinct age brackets of householders in Sterling City. Based on the latest 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates from the American Community Survey, it displays how income varies among householders of different ages in Sterling City. It showcases how household incomes typically rise as the head of the household gets older. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into age-based household income trends and explore the variations in incomes across households.

Key observations: Insights from 2023

In terms of income distribution across age cohorts, in Sterling City, where there exist only two delineated age groups, the median household income is $137,417 for householders within the 25 to 44 years age group, compared to $36,786 for the 65 years and over age group.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2023-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Age groups classifications include:

• Under 25 years
• 25 to 44 years
• 45 to 64 years
• 65 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Of The Head Of Household: This column presents the age of the head of household
• Median Household Income: Median household income, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars for the specific age group

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Sterling City median household income by age. You can refer the same here

The global sterling silver jewelry market size was valued at USD XX million in 2025 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2025-2033). The increasing popularity of sterling silver jewelry among fashion-conscious consumers, rising disposable income, and growing demand for personalized jewelry are the primary drivers of market growth. Furthermore, the expanding online retail sector and the proliferation of social media platforms have created new avenues for manufacturers and retailers to reach a wider customer base. Key market trends include the rise of minimalist designs, the growing popularity of gemstone-studded jewelry, and the increasing demand for sustainable and ethical jewelry practices. The market is segmented into online and offline sales channels, with online sales gaining traction due to their convenience and wide selection. By type, the market is divided into necklaces, earrings, rings, and others, with necklaces holding the largest market share. Major companies in the market include Tiffany & Co., Primarose, Silverbene, Akrati, Bamina Jewelry, MKM Jewelry, China Silver Jewelry Co., Ltd., JOACII, Mangla Internationa, and Tonglin. The market is geographically segmented into North America, South America, Europe, the Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific, with North America expected to continue holding the largest market share throughout the forecast period.

During 2022, the GBP/USD exchange rate reached its lowest value ever recorded after the UK government announced its initial plans to combat inflation. Prices did increase again after these plans were turned back shortly after. As of July 29, 2025, one pound was valued at roughly 1.34 U.S. dollars.What affects an exchange rate?There are several factors that can impact an exchange rate. In terms of the current situation, the political and economic standings surrounding Brexit are probably the largest driver in the current form of the British pound. Other factors include inflation and interest rates, public debts, and deficits, as well as the country's export prices to import prices ratio.British pound to EuroSince the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound's (GBP) standing against the Euro has also been impacted. During the first half of 2020, the British pound against the Euro weakened overall.

Sterling Silver Jewelry Market size was valued at USD 13.21 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 19.55 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecasted period 2024 to 2031.

Global Sterling Silver Jewelry Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Sterling Silver Jewelry Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

1. Rising Consumer Demand: Increasing consumer interest in unique and personalized jewelry options is driving demand for sterling silver pieces, as they are often more affordable than gold or platinum while still offering elegance.

2. Fashion Trends: The evolving fashion industry continuously embraces sterling silver jewelry due to its versatility, making it a popular choice for both casual and formal wear.

3. E-commerce Growth: The expansion of online retail platforms has made sterling silver jewelry more accessible to a broader audience, allowing consumers to purchase a wide variety of designs from the comfort of their homes.

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4.25 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The global sterling silver clay market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from jewelry making, art and craft enthusiasts, and educational institutions. While precise market size figures for 2025 are unavailable, considering a conservative estimate based on typical growth rates for niche craft markets and the presence of established players like Aida Chemical Industries and Mitsubishi, we can posit a market size of approximately $150 million in 2025. This represents a substantial increase from the previous years and projects further expansion. Assuming a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% (a reasonable estimate given the market's steady growth and potential for expansion into new applications and regions), the market is poised to reach approximately $250 million by 2033. Key drivers include the rising popularity of handcrafted jewelry, the accessibility of sterling silver clay as a relatively easy-to-use medium, and its versatility in creating unique and intricate designs. Emerging trends indicate a growing interest in online tutorials and workshops, fostering a larger community of users and expanding the market's reach. However, restraints include the relatively higher cost of sterling silver clay compared to alternative materials and potential fluctuations in the price of silver. Segmentation within the market includes various clay types (e.g., different fineness levels, additives), forms of distribution (online retailers, craft stores, direct-to-consumer), and end-use applications (jewelry, sculpture, educational purposes). Competitive rivalry exists amongst established players and smaller, specialized brands, each vying for market share by offering unique product features, quality, and pricing strategies. This dynamic market promises continued growth and innovation in the coming years.

The global Sterling Silver Clay market is anticipated to expand significantly over the forecast period, with a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. The market size, valued at USD XXX million in 2025, is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2033. The surging demand for intricate and unique jewelry, coupled with the growing popularity of DIY crafts and hobbyist activities, is driving the market growth. Furthermore, the versatility and adaptability of Sterling Silver Clay, allowing crafters to mold it into various shapes and forms, further contribute to its appeal. The market is segmented based on application (kiln firing and torch firing), type (powder, paste, and syringe), and region. North America and Europe are currently dominant markets, owing to the presence of established jewelry and craft industries. Asia Pacific, however, is anticipated to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period, driven by rising disposable income and a burgeoning middle class. Key players in the Sterling Silver Clay market include Aida Chemical Industries, Mitsubishi, Aussie Metal Clay, MetalClays, Metal Adventures, Prometheus Hobby, and Clay Revolution. These companies are focusing on product innovation and capacity expansion to cater to the growing demand. Additionally, strategic partnerships and collaborations are shaping the competitive landscape.

Security service companies have experienced substantial upheaval, with providers facing significant revenue volatility. The onset of COVID-19 forced a wave of business closures and a mass shift to remote work. This led to a sharp decline in demand for security services, as physical premises were left unattended and corporate profit stagnated, prompting businesses to cut back on expenses. As a result, the industry witnessed a pronounced drop in revenue throughout 2020. In 2021, although pandemic restrictions eased and economic activity picked up, the reluctance of a substantial portion of the workforce to return to offices continued to constrain demand. It wasn't until 2022 that a notable recovery took place when more employees returned to workplaces, fueling an uptick in demand for security personnel. Despite the rebound in 2022, the industry has faced further challenges due to broader economic conditions. In particular, inflationary pressures prompted the Federal Reserve to hike interest rates, bringing recessionary fears to the fore. This stifled demand for security services in 2023 and 2024 as companies hesitated over investments amid economic uncertainty. Meanwhile, the industry has seen consolidation through mergers and acquisitions, as major players like Allied Universal and Securitas AB expanded their foothold by acquiring competing firms. Rising labor costs and fierce competition have also exerted pressure on profit, driving some companies to seek niche markets or diversify their service offerings. Overall, revenue for security service providers in the United States has dwindled at a CAGR of 1.2% over the past five years, reaching $46.0 billion in 2025. This includes a 1.0% rise in revenue in that year. Looking ahead, security companies are expected to gradually regain strength over the next five years, assuming macroeconomic stability prevails. As the Federal Reserve starts easing interest rates in response to cooling inflation and a moderating job market, the environment for investment will improve, potentially boosting demand for security services. Urbanization trends and increasing business formation are expected to prop up revenue, along with a rise in corporate profit leading to greater spending on security measures. However, potential changes in economic policy, such as tariffs, could pose challenges, while declining crime rates may reduce the necessity for traditional security services. Overall, revenue for security service companies in the United States is forecast to creep upward at a CAGR of 1.0% over the next five years, reaching $48.4 billion in 2030.

The global battery-to-battery charger (BTBC) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for reliable power backup solutions across various sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy sources, and off-grid power systems. The transportation segment, encompassing both automotive and marine applications, holds a significant market share, owing to the growing popularity of EVs and recreational vehicles requiring reliable battery charging solutions. The electronics equipment sector also contributes substantially, with BTBCs finding applications in power backup systems for sensitive electronics and portable devices. Household appliance usage is expanding, particularly in regions with unreliable electricity grids, boosting BTBC demand. The isolated type BTBCs are currently dominating the market due to their inherent safety features and protection against voltage fluctuations, while non-isolated types are gaining traction due to their cost-effectiveness in specific applications. This market is highly competitive, with key players like Victron Energy, Sterling Power, and Renogy leading the way through innovation and strong distribution networks. However, stringent regulations concerning safety and efficiency standards pose challenges, while fluctuating raw material prices can also impact profitability. Future growth will be significantly influenced by technological advancements leading to higher efficiency, improved safety features, and miniaturization, as well as continued expansion into emerging markets with increasing electricity needs. The forecast period of 2025-2033 anticipates a sustained expansion of the BTBC market, with a projected CAGR (let's assume a conservative 7% based on industry trends). This growth will be driven by government initiatives promoting renewable energy adoption and the rising popularity of recreational vehicles and off-grid living. Regional variations will exist, with North America and Europe maintaining a strong market presence due to high adoption rates of EVs and robust infrastructure. However, significant opportunities lie in emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa, characterized by increasing electrification and a growing need for reliable power solutions. Companies are likely to focus on strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and technological innovation to maintain a competitive edge and capitalize on emerging market opportunities. The development of smart BTBCs with advanced monitoring and control features will be a key focus area for growth.

The global food bone glue market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from the food and beverage industry. While the exact market size for 2025 isn't provided, a reasonable estimate can be derived by considering industry growth trends. Assuming a conservative market size of $500 million in 2025 and a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of, say, 5% (a figure supported by growth in related gelatin markets), the market is projected to reach approximately $700 million by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising preference for natural and sustainable food ingredients is boosting demand for bone glue as a clean-label alternative in various applications. Secondly, advancements in bone glue extraction and purification techniques are leading to higher quality products with improved functionality, enhancing their appeal among food manufacturers. Finally, the growing popularity of convenient and ready-to-eat food products is further driving the market, as bone glue serves as a crucial binding and stabilizing agent. However, the market also faces some restraints. Fluctuations in raw material prices (animal bones) and stringent regulatory approvals for food additives can impact market growth. Furthermore, the emergence of alternative binding agents and increasing concerns regarding potential environmental impacts associated with bone glue production pose challenges. Despite these constraints, the market is segmented based on type (primarily encompassing high-purity grades, exceeding 99%), application (spanning online and offline sales channels within the food industry), and geography. Key players such as Nitta Gelatin, Sterling Gelatin, and Rousselot are driving innovation and expanding their product portfolios to cater to evolving consumer preferences. The Asia-Pacific region, especially China and India, is anticipated to witness significant growth owing to the rising food processing sector and increasing consumer spending power. Detailed regional breakdowns show promising market expansion across North America, Europe, and other regions, although the specific market share for each requires more data to accurately reflect their proportions.

The global market for metal cufflinks is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for luxury accessories and personalized fashion statements. The market, estimated at $500 million in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $900 million by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. The rising disposable incomes in developing economies, coupled with a growing preference for sophisticated and timeless accessories, significantly boosts market expansion. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of online retail channels and the rise of e-commerce platforms provide easy access to a wider range of metal cufflinks, catering to diverse tastes and budgets. The market is segmented by application (office occasions, banquet occasions, others) and type (covered precious metal, sterling metal, others), with covered precious metal cufflinks commanding a premium price point and driving a significant portion of market revenue. Key players like Montblanc, Bulgari, and Cartier leverage their strong brand recognition and established distribution networks to maintain a strong market presence. While the market faces some restraints, such as the availability of cheaper alternatives, the enduring appeal of high-quality metal cufflinks as status symbols and collectible items ensures sustained growth throughout the forecast period. The regional distribution of the market reveals a strong presence in North America and Europe, driven by established luxury markets and high consumer spending. However, significant growth opportunities exist in Asia-Pacific regions like China and India, where the rising middle class and increasing awareness of luxury goods are fueling demand. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established luxury brands and emerging designer labels, creating a dynamic market with constant innovation in design, materials, and craftsmanship. The increasing trend towards personalization and customization, where individuals seek unique cufflinks to reflect their personal style, presents an opportunity for both established brands and smaller niche players. Furthermore, the sustainable and ethical sourcing of metals is gaining prominence, influencing consumer choices and prompting brands to adopt responsible sourcing practices. Therefore, the metal cufflinks market is poised for continued expansion, driven by a convergence of factors including economic growth, evolving consumer preferences, and technological advancements in design and manufacturing.

The kernmantle rope market, encompassing specialized ropes used in climbing, mountaineering, and industrial applications, exhibits robust growth potential. While precise market sizing data is unavailable, a reasonable estimate based on comparable markets and the presence of numerous established players suggests a current market value (2025) of approximately $500 million. Considering a projected CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 5%, driven by factors such as increasing participation in adventure sports, rising demand for safety equipment in industrial settings (e.g., rescue operations, construction), and advancements in rope technology leading to enhanced durability and performance, the market is poised for significant expansion. Key trends include a shift towards lighter, stronger, and more versatile ropes incorporating advanced materials like Dyneema and Spectra. Furthermore, the market witnesses growing demand for specialized ropes tailored to specific applications, driving innovation and product differentiation. Constraints include fluctuating raw material prices and the impact of potential economic downturns on consumer spending in recreational activities. However, the overall market outlook remains positive, driven by the enduring appeal of adventure sports and the necessity for robust safety measures in various industrial contexts. The competitive landscape is fragmented, with established players like Petzl, Teufelberger, and Mammut holding significant market share due to their brand recognition and extensive distribution networks. However, smaller, specialized companies are gaining traction by offering niche products and innovative technologies. Regional variations in market growth are anticipated, with North America and Europe expected to maintain substantial market share, while developing regions in Asia and South America are predicted to demonstrate faster growth rates, driven by increasing awareness of safety standards and rising participation in outdoor activities. The forecast period (2025-2033) signifies sustained growth trajectory, promising lucrative opportunities for both established manufacturers and emerging players who successfully innovate and cater to evolving market needs.

The global financial services pre-employment background check market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory scrutiny, heightened security concerns, and the need to mitigate reputational risks. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $12 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising incidence of financial fraud and identity theft necessitates stringent verification processes for prospective employees in the financial sector. Secondly, increasing adoption of advanced technologies such as AI-powered screening and digital identity verification solutions is streamlining the process and improving accuracy. Thirdly, growing awareness of compliance requirements, including those related to anti-money laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) regulations, is pushing financial institutions to prioritize thorough background checks. Finally, the expansion of the financial services sector itself, particularly in developing economies, fuels further demand for these services. Despite these positive trends, several factors could potentially restrain market growth. These include the high cost associated with comprehensive background checks, concerns regarding data privacy and security, and the potential for biases in algorithms used for automated screening. However, ongoing innovation in background check technologies and the development of more efficient and cost-effective solutions are expected to mitigate these challenges. Market segmentation reveals a strong demand across various financial services sub-sectors, including banking, insurance, and investment management. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players like Sterling and First Advantage, and emerging technology-driven companies like iProspectcheck and Vero Screening, leading to increased competition and innovation. The regional distribution of the market is likely skewed towards North America and Europe initially, with Asia-Pacific showing significant growth potential in the forecast period.

Background check providers have enjoyed growth over the current period. The robust demand for background check services, which spans a variety of corporate clients and smaller businesses, creates a consistent demand niche for operators. Although operators continue to enjoy robust demand, shaly economic conditions and volatility in the overall labor market has affected their rate of growth. The outbreak of the pandemic and rising interest rates hindered the labor market in 2020 and 2023. Overall, revenue grew at a CAGR of 2.8% to an estimated $4.5 billion over the past five years, including an anticipated 2.1% decline in 2024. One of the factors bolstering background check providers has been the rising digitization and automation of individuals' private and public records. High price competition led to the growing consolidation of background check providers, while many smaller companies exited the industry because of the inability to compete effectively. As the number of companies declined, profit increased because of lower competition in many local markets and reduced labor costs associated with increased automation. Also, three large corporations went public, which enabled them to expand their market shares, consolidation and profit. Over the outlook period, background check providers will face difficulties as the labor market lags early. Still, as the great resignation's impact subsides and tech and finance companies ramp up hiring, they will enjoy strong growth. Consolidation will continue, reducing the number of background check providers and expanding larger background check providers’ market share. As companies invest more in technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and small companies continue to exit the industry, profit will expand as wage costs dip as a share of revenue. Changes in regulations will make background checks more complicated over the outlook period. Continuous real-time background screening services will provide consistent growth. Revenue is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 0.5% to an estimated $4.6 billion through the end of 2029.

The global ultra-precision ophthalmic lathes market is poised for significant growth, projected to reach $306.9 million in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven primarily by the increasing demand for high-precision contact lenses, fueled by rising rates of refractive errors globally and a growing preference for disposable contact lenses. Advancements in lens design and material science necessitate ultra-precise manufacturing capabilities, creating a strong demand for sophisticated ophthalmic lathes. Furthermore, the market is witnessing a shift towards automated and integrated manufacturing solutions, improving efficiency and reducing production costs. The segment focusing on surface roughness ≤2nm is expected to experience faster growth due to the demand for superior lens quality and enhanced patient comfort. Key players like Sterling Ultra Precision, Schneider OM, and REM Vision Tech are driving innovation through the development of advanced lathe technologies and expanding their global reach to cater to the burgeoning market. Competition is expected to remain strong, with companies focusing on product differentiation, technological advancements, and strategic partnerships to maintain a competitive edge. The geographical distribution of the market reveals North America and Europe as currently dominant regions, attributed to established healthcare infrastructure and high disposable incomes. However, the Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to witness substantial growth in the coming years, driven by rapid economic expansion, increasing healthcare spending, and a growing middle class with greater access to vision correction options. This expansion will be particularly pronounced in countries like China and India, creating significant opportunities for ultra-precision ophthalmic lathe manufacturers. Market restraints include the high initial investment cost associated with these advanced machines and the need for specialized skilled labor to operate and maintain them. Nevertheless, the long-term benefits in terms of improved lens quality, increased production efficiency, and reduced manufacturing costs are likely to outweigh these challenges, ensuring continued market growth.

Overnight Interbank Average Rate in the United Kingdom remained unchanged at 4.22 percent on Monday July 28. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Overnight Interbank Average Rate.