The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is a stock market index used to analyze trends in the stock market. While many economists prefer to use other, market-weighted indices (the DJIA is price-weighted) as they are perceived to be more representative of the overall market, the Dow Jones remains one of the most commonly-used indices today, and its longevity allows for historical events and long-term trends to be analyzed over extended periods of time. Average changes in yearly closing prices, for example, shows how markets developed year on year. Figures were more sporadic in early years, but the impact of major events can be observed throughout. For example, the occasions where a decrease of more than 25 percent was observed each coincided with a major recession; these include the Post-WWI Recession in 1920, the Great Depression in 1929, the Recession of 1937-38, the 1973-75 Recession, and the Great Recession in 2008.

The Long Depression was, by a large margin, the longest-lasting recession in U.S. history. It began in the U.S. with the Panic of 1873, and lasted for over five years. This depression was the largest in a series of recessions at the turn of the 20th century, which proved to be a period of overall stagnation as the U.S. financial markets failed to keep pace with industrialization and changes in monetary policy. Great Depression The Great Depression, however, is widely considered to have been the most severe recession in U.S. history. Following the Wall Street Crash in 1929, the country's economy collapsed, wages fell and a quarter of the workforce was unemployed. It would take almost four years for recovery to begin. Additionally, U.S. expansion and integration in international markets allowed the depression to become a global event, which became a major catalyst in the build up to the Second World War. Decreasing severity When comparing recessions before and after the Great Depression, they have generally become shorter and less frequent over time. Only three recessions in the latter period have lasted more than one year. Additionally, while there were 12 recessions between 1880 and 1920, there were only six recessions between 1980 and 2020. The most severe recession in recent years was the financial crisis of 2007 (known as the Great Recession), where irresponsible lending policies and lack of government regulation allowed for a property bubble to develop and become detached from the economy over time, this eventually became untenable and the bubble burst. Although the causes of both the Great Depression and Great Recession were similar in many aspects, economists have been able to use historical evidence to try and predict, prevent, or limit the impact of future recessions.

On October 29, 1929, the U.S. experienced the most devastating stock market crash in it's history. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 set in motion the Great Depression, which lasted for twelve years and affected virtually all industrialized countries. In the United States, GDP fell to it's lowest recorded level of just 57 billion U.S dollars in 1933, before rising again shortly before the Second World War. After the war, GDP fluctuated, but it increased gradually until the Great Recession in 2008. Real GDP Real GDP allows us to compare GDP over time, by adjusting all figures for inflation. In this case, all numbers have been adjusted to the value of the US dollar in FY2012. While GDP rose every year between 1946 and 2008, when this is adjusted for inflation it can see that the real GDP dropped at least once in every decade except the 1960s and 2010s. The Great Recession Apart from the Great Depression, and immediately after WWII, there have been two times where both GDP and real GDP dropped together. The first was during the Great Recession, which lasted from December 2007 until June 2009 in the US, although its impact was felt for years after this. After the collapse of the financial sector in the US, the government famously bailed out some of the country's largest banking and lending institutions. Since recovery began in late 2009, US GDP has grown year-on-year, and reached 21.4 trillion dollars in 2019. The coronavirus pandemic and the associated lockdowns then saw GDP fall again, for the first time in a decade. As economic recovery from the pandemic has been compounded by supply chain issues, inflation, and rising global geopolitical instability, it remains to be seen what the future holds for the U.S. economy.

Between the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the end of the Great Depression in the late 1930s, the Soviet Union saw the largest growth in its gross domestic product, growing by more than 70 percent between 1929 and 1937/8. The Great Depression began in 1929 in the United States, following the stock market crash in late October. The inter-connectedness of the global economy, particularly between North America and Europe, then came to the fore as the collapse of the U.S. economy exposed the instabilities of other industrialized countries. In contrast, the economic isolation of the Soviet Union and its detachment from the capitalist system meant that it was relatively shielded from these events. 1929-1932 The Soviet Union was one of just three countries listed that experienced GDP growth during the first three years of the Great Depression, with Bulgaria and Denmark being the other two. Bulgaria experienced the largest GDP growth over these three years, increasing by 27 percent, although it was also the only country to experience a decline in growth over the second period. The majority of other European countries saw their GDP growth fall in the depression's early years. However, none experienced the same level of decline as the United States, which dropped by 28 percent. 1932-1938 In the remaining years before the Second World War, all of the listed countries saw their GDP grow significantly, particularly Germany, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Coincidentally, these were the three most powerful nations during the Second World War. This recovery was primarily driven by industrialization, and, again, the U.S., USSR, and Germany all experienced the highest level of industrial growth between 1932 and 1938.

Market Overview:

The 7 major mood disorders markets reached a value of US$ 3.7 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the 7MM to reach US$ 4.5 Billion by 2034, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 1.78% during 2024-2034.

Report Attribute	Key Statistics
Base Year	2023
Forecast Years	2024-2034
Historical Years	2018-2023
Market Size in 2023	US$ 3.7 Billion
Market Forecast in 2034	US$ 4.5 Billion
Market Growth Rate 2024-2034	1.78%

The mood disorders market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARC's new report titled "Mood Disorders Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034". Mood disorders refer to a group of mental health conditions characterized by significant and persistent disturbances in a person's mood or emotional state. These illnesses can have a profound impact on the patient's daily functioning, relationships, and overall quality of life. The common indications of mood disorders include a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, emptiness, or worthlessness, fatigue, decreased energy, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, agitation, suicidal ideation, chronic irritability, etc. Individuals suffering from these disorders may also experience manic symptoms, such as periods of elevated mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, impulsive behavior, etc. The diagnosis of these ailments involves a combination of methods to determine the patient's clinical features, along with personal and family history. Mental health professionals commonly refer to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which provides specific criteria for diagnosing different mood disorders. Various standardized questionnaires, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), are also used to assess the severity and frequency of symptoms.

https://www.imarcgroup.com/CKEditor/675c7ac4-be98-4daf-a54e-de6f5966490fmood-disorders-market.webp" style="height:450px; width:800px" />

The increasing cases of abnormalities in the structure or functioning of the brain regions involved in regulating emotions, including the amygdala or prefrontal cortex, are primarily driving the mood disorders market. In addition to this, the rising prevalence of imbalances in neurotransmitters, like serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, etc., that can disrupt communication between neurons is also creating a positive outlook for the market. Moreover, the widespread adoption of dialectical behavior therapy to develop healthier coping mechanisms and reduce emotional vulnerability is further bolstering the market growth. Apart from this, the inflating application of typical antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole, quetiapine, olanzapine, etc., which work by blocking dopamine receptors in various regions of the brain to stabilize mood and alleviate agitation or aggression, is acting as another significant growth-inducing factor. Additionally, the emerging popularity of non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, since they allow for more precise and localized activation of specific brain areas, thereby modulating neuronal activity and potentially restoring normal functioning, is expected to drive the mood disorders market during the forecast period.

IMARC Group's new report provides an exhaustive analysis of the mood disorders market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc. The report also provides the current and future patient pool across the seven major markets. According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for mood disorders and also represents the largest market for its treatment. Furthermore, the current treatment practice/algorithm, market drivers, challenges, opportunities, reimbursement scenario and unmet medical needs, etc. have also been provided in the report. This report is a must-read for manufacturers, investors, business strategists, researchers, consultants, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the mood disorders market in any manner.

Time Period of the Study

• Base Year: 2023
• Historical Period: 2018-2023
• Market Forecast: 2024-2034

Countries Covered

• United States
• Germany
• France
• United Kingdom
• Italy
• Spain
• Japan
  

Analysis Covered Across Each Country

• Historical, current, and future epidemiology scenario
• Historical, current, and future performance of the mood disorders market
• Historical, current, and future performance of various therapeutic categories in the market
• Sales of various drugs across the mood disorders market
• Reimbursement scenario in the market
• In-market and pipeline drugs

Competitive Landscape:

This report also provides a detailed analysis of the current mood disorders marketed drugs and late-stage pipeline drugs.

In-Market Drugs

• Drug Overview
• Mechanism of Action
• Regulatory Status
• Clinical Trial Results
• Drug Uptake and Market Performance
  

Late-Stage Pipeline Drugs

• Drug Overview
• Mechanism of Action
• Regulatory Status
• Clinical Trial Results
• Drug Uptake and Market Performance
  

Drugs	Company Name
Lamictal (Lamotrigine)	GlaxoSmithKline
Seroquel XR (Quetiapine)	AstraZeneca
Depakote (Valproate semisodium)	AbbVie
Igalmi (Dexmedetomidine)	BioXcel Therapeutics
Viibryd (Vilazodone)	AbbVie
SEP363856	Otsuka Pharmaceutical/Sumitomo Pharma/Sunovion Pharmaceuticals
TAK 653	Takeda
PDC1421	BioLite Inc
PRAX 114	Praxis Precision Medicines
GATE-251	Gate Neurosciences

*Kindly note that the drugs in the above table only represent a partial list of marketed/pipeline drugs, and the complete list has been provided in the report.

Key Questions Answered in this Report:

Market Insights

• How has the mood disorders market performed so far and how will it perform in the coming years?
• What are the markets shares of various therapeutic segments in 2023 and how are they expected to perform till 2034?
• What was the country-wise size of the mood disorders market across the seven major markets in 2023 and what will it look like in 2034?
• What is the growth rate of the mood disorders market across the seven major markets and what will be the expected growth over the next ten years?
• What are the key unmet needs in the market?
  

Epidemiology Insights

• What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of mood disorders across the seven major markets?
• What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of mood disorders by age across the seven major markets?
• What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of mood disorders by gender across the seven major markets?
• What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of mood disorders by type across the seven major markets?
• How many patients are diagnosed (2018-2034) with mood disorders across the seven major markets?
• What is the size of the mood disorders patient pool (2018-2023) across the seven major markets?
• What would be the forecasted patient pool (2024-2034) across the seven major markets?
• What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of mood disorders?
• What will be the

Snapshot img

Mental Health Market Size 2024-2028

The mental health market size is forecast to increase by USD 139.3 billion at a CAGR of 6.6% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders among adults in the US. These disorders include, but are not limited to, schizophrenia, low mood, eating disorders, substance abuse disorders, and cases of anxiety. One emerging trend in mental health services is the provision of home-based treatment services, which offer greater convenience and accessibility for individuals dealing with behavioral symptoms.
Additionally, advancements in genetics have led to a better understanding of the underlying causes of mental health conditions, such as alcohol use disorders and genes linked to anxiety and depression. Government regulations continue to play a role in shaping the market, with a focus on ensuring the availability and affordability of mental health services for all. Virtual behavioral and mental health services, including teletherapy and telepsychiatry, are gaining popularity as effective alternatives to traditional in-person treatments. These services offer flexibility, convenience, and reduced travel time for individuals seeking help. Overall, the market is expected to continue growing as the stigma surrounding mental health conditions decreases and more resources become available for those in need.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

Request Free Sample

Mental health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, and the market has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing awareness of emotional and cognitive symptoms. This market encompasses various aspects, including mental health advocacy, prevention, education, treatment, and research. Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder, can significantly impact individuals' quality of life. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately one in five adults in the United States lives with a mental health condition. The market aims to address the mental health equity gap and provide equal access to mental health resources for all.
Additionally, mental health prevention and education are essential components of the market. Prevention efforts focus on early identification and intervention, while education aims to reduce stigma and increase awareness. Mental health outcomes can be improved through various interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, and digital solutions. Mental health policy plays a crucial role in shaping the market. Legislation, such as the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, aims to ensure mental health coverage is equal to physical health coverage. The mental health workforce shortage is a significant challenge, with a growing need for mental health professionals to address the increasing demand for mental health services.
Moreover, mental health statistics indicate that mental health disorders are common, yet many individuals do not receive the necessary care. Mental health resources, such as crisis hotlines and mental health apps, have emerged as digital solutions to address the accessibility issue. Mental health technology, including teletherapy and artificial intelligence-based mental health diagnosis tools, is revolutionizing mental health care. Mental health treatment is a significant component of the market. Traditional treatments, such as therapy and medication, continue to be effective.
However, innovative approaches, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction and neurofeedback, are gaining popularity. Suicide prevention is a critical area of focus, with crisis hotlines and mental health awareness campaigns playing a vital role. Mental health disparities exist, with certain populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities and low-income individuals, facing greater barriers to mental health care. Mental health access is a significant challenge, with many individuals unable to afford mental health services. Mental health privacy is another concern, with the need to balance access to mental health resources with individual privacy. Mental health startups are emerging, offering innovative solutions to address mental health challenges. These startups are focused on mental health education, prevention, and treatment, using various technologies, such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality. Mental health innovation is crucial in addressing the mental health crisis and improving mental health outcomes for individuals.
In conclusion, the market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem, with various stakeholders, including mental health advocacy groups, mental health professionals, policymakers, and mental health startups. The market is focused on addressing mental health disparities, improving mental health outcomes, and reducing menta

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09 was a period of severe macroeconomic instability for the United States and the global economy more generally. The crisis was precipitated by the collapse of a number of financial institutions who were deeply involved in the U.S. mortgage market and associated credit markets. Beginning in the Summer of 2007, a number of banks began to report issues with increasing mortgage delinquencies and the problem of not being able to accurately price derivatives contracts which were based on bundles of these U.S. residential mortgages. By the end of 2008, U.S. financial institutions had begun to fail due to their exposure to the housing market, leading to one of the deepest recessions in the history of the United States and to extensive government bailouts of the financial sector.

Subprime and the collapse of the U.S. mortgage market

The early 2000s had seen explosive growth in the U.S. mortgage market, as credit became cheaper due to the Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates in the aftermath of the 2001 'Dot Com' Crash, as well as because of the increasing globalization of financial flows which directed funds into U.S. financial markets. Lower mortgage rates gave incentive to financial institutions to begin lending to riskier borrowers, using so-called 'subprime' loans. These were loans to borrowers with poor credit scores, who would not have met the requirements for a conventional mortgage loan. In order to hedge against the risk of these riskier loans, financial institutions began to use complex financial instruments known as derivatives, which bundled mortgage loans together and allowed the risk of default to be sold on to willing investors. This practice was supposed to remove the risk from these loans, by effectively allowing credit institutions to buy insurance against delinquencies. Due to the fraudulent practices of credit ratings agencies, however, the price of these contacts did not reflect the real risk of the loans involved. As the reality of the inability of the borrowers to repay began to kick in during 2007, the financial markets which traded these derivatives came under increasing stress and eventually led to a 'sudden stop' in trading and credit intermediation during 2008.

Market Panic and The Great Recession

As borrowers failed to make repayments, this had a knock-on effect among financial institutions who were highly leveraged with financial instruments based on the mortgage market. Lehman Brothers, one of the world's largest investment banks, failed on September 15th 2008, causing widespread panic in financial markets. Due to the fear of an unprecedented collapse in the financial sector which would have untold consequences for the wider economy, the U.S. government and central bank, The Fed, intervened the following day to bailout the United States' largest insurance company, AIG, and to backstop financial markets. The crisis prompted a deep recession, known colloquially as The Great Recession, drawing parallels between this period and The Great Depression. The collapse of credit intermediation in the economy lead to further issues in the real economy, as business were increasingly unable to pay back loans and were forced to lay off staff, driving unemployment to a high of almost 10 percent in 2010. While there has been criticism of the U.S. government's actions to bailout the financial institutions involved, the actions of the government and the Fed are seen by many as having prevented the crisis from spiraling into a depression of the magnitude of The Great Depression.

By November 2025, it is projected that there is a probability of 33.56 percent that the United States will fall into another economic recession. This reflects a significant decrease from the projection of the preceding month.

From the Summer of 2007 until the end of 2009 (at least), the world was gripped by a series of economic crises commonly known as the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008) and the Great Recession (2008-2009). The financial crisis was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market, which caused panic on Wall Street, the center of global finance in New York. Due to the outsized nature of the U.S. economy compared to other countries and particularly the centrality of U.S. finance for the world economy, the crisis spread quickly to other countries, affecting most regions across the globe. By 2009, global GDP growth was in negative territory, with international credit markets frozen, international trade contracting, and tens of millions of workers being made unemployed.

Global similarities, global differences

Since the 1980s, the world economy had entered a period of integration and globalization. This process particularly accelerated after the collapse of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War (1947-1991). This was the period of the 'Washington Consensus', whereby the U.S. and international institutions such as the World Bank and IMF promoted policies of economic liberalization across the globe. This increasing interdependence and openness to the global economy meant that when the crisis hit in 2007, many countries experienced the same issues. This is particularly evident in the synchronization of the recessions in the most advanced economies of the G7. Nevertheless, the aggregate global GDP number masks the important regional differences which occurred during the recession. While the more advanced economies of North America, Western Europe, and Japan were all hit hard, along with countries who are reliant on them for trade or finance, large emerging economies such as India and China bucked this trend. In particular, China's huge fiscal stimulus in 2008-2009 likely did much to prevent the global economy from sliding further into a depression. In 2009, while the United States' GDP sank to -2.6 percent, China's GDP, as reported by national authorities, was almost 10 percent.