Interactive chart of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) stock market index for the last 100 years. Historical data is inflation-adjusted using the headline CPI and each data point represents the month-end closing value. The current month is updated on an hourly basis with today's latest value.

Interactive chart of the S&P 500 stock market index since 1927. Historical data is inflation-adjusted using the headline CPI and each data point represents the month-end closing value. The current month is updated on an hourly basis with today's latest value.

Throughout the 1920s, prices on the U.S. stock exchange rose exponentially, however, by the end of the decade, uncontrolled growth and a stock market propped up by speculation and borrowed money proved unsustainable, resulting in the Wall Street Crash of October 1929. This set a chain of events in motion that led to economic collapse - banks demanded repayment of debts, the property market crashed, and people stopped spending as unemployment rose. Within a year the country was in the midst of an economic depression, and the economy continued on a downward trend until late-1932.

It was during this time where Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president, and he assumed office in March 1933 - through a series of economic reforms and New Deal policies, the economy began to recover. Stock prices fluctuated at more sustainable levels over the next decades, and developments were in line with overall economic development, rather than the uncontrolled growth seen in the 1920s. Overall, it took over 25 years for the Dow Jones value to reach its pre-Crash peak.

Graph and download economic data for Dow-Jones Industrial Stock Price Index for United States (M1109BUSM293NNBR) from Dec 1914 to Dec 1968 about stock market, industry, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Index of Stock Prices for Germany (M1123ADEM324NNBR) from Jan 1870 to Dec 1913 about Germany, stock market, and indexes.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily level of the CBOE VIX Volatility Index back to 1990. The VIX index measures the expectation of stock market volatility over the next 30 days implied by S&P 500 index options.

This research project explored when governments call elections and how the timing of elections influences the electoral result. In many parliamentary systems, the timing of the next election is at the discretion of the current government. Rather than waiting for the end of their term, leaders are free to call elections when it is advantageous to them and when they expect to win. This project was designed to use game theory to model how leaders decide whether to call elections based on their expectations about future performance. The data collected for this study reflect the timing of the British General Elections. In particular, this study addressed five research questions: (1) When are elections called? (2) What are the electoral implications of the timing of an election? (3) How are election timing and subsequent post-electoral economic performance related? (4) How does the election timing affect the length of the campaign? and (5) How does the London stock market respond to the announcement of elections? The data cover the time span from 1900 to 2001, although most of the files focus on the period from August 1, 1945, to June 13, 2001. Part 1 (Dates of Key Political Events Data) contains the dates of key political events, such as elections, first meetings of parliament, dissolutions, announcements of an election, by-elections, shifts in party allegiances, confidence votes, or changes in Prime Minister. Additional variables in Part 1 include whether there is a minority government or coalition government, percentage share of the vote by party type, number of seats by party type, and election turnout. Part 2 (By-Elections Data) includes the change in seats as a result of by-elections. Variables include the date of the by-election, electoral district, and change in seats by political parties. Part 3 (Change in Party Allegiance Data) contains information about the date of the allegiance shift, the electoral district, and defections to and from various political parties. Part 4 (Public Opinion Data) includes Gallup public opinion data on voting intentions, approval of government record, and approval of Prime Minister and opposition leader. Part 5 (Basic Economic Variables) contains basic economic data for the United Kingdom, such as various measures of gross domestic product and change in retail price index. Part 6 (Monthly Inflation Data) contains monthly inflation data as measured by the percentage change in retail price index. Part 7 (Unemployment Data) consists of monthly, quarterly, and yearly unemployment data. Part 8 (Stock Market Data) includes data on the United Kingdom market index, United States Dow Jones industrial average, Standard and Poors' composite index, the Financial Times 500 stock index, and Datastream's measure of British funds on the London Exchange. Part 9 (Financial Times 30 Share Index Data) contains the Financial Times 30 close and the volume of bargains. Lastly, Part 10 (Newspaper Stories Data) consists of counts of newspaper stories relating to the next general election.

The Machine Learning Market size was valued at USD 19.20 USD billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 166.93 USD billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 36.2 % during the forecast period. The rising adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms across various industries is a key factor driving this growth. Machine learning (ML) is a discipline of artificial intelligence that provides machines with the ability to automatically learn from data and past experiences while identifying patterns to make predictions with minimal human intervention. Machine learning methods enable computers to operate autonomously without explicit programming. ML applications feed new data and learn by themselves, which in return, they can grow, develop and adapt. In machine learning, the machine uses algorithms to draw meaningful insights from a large volume of data by scanning the data sets and learning from their own experiences. ML algorithms use computational methods to get direct knowledge by learning from data rather than by postulating any given equation that may act as a model. Machine learning is now used everywhere commercially like recommending items to customers based on previous purchases, foretelling stock market trends, and translating the text from one language to another. Key drivers for this market are: Growing Adoption of Mobile Commerce to Augment the Demand for Virtual Fitting Room Tool . Potential restraints include: Technical Limitations and Lack of Accuracy to Impede Market Progress. Notable trends are: Growing Implementation of Touch-based and Voice-based Infotainment Systems to Increase Adoption of Intelligent Cars.

The Long Depression was, by a large margin, the longest-lasting recession in U.S. history. It began in the U.S. with the Panic of 1873, and lasted for over five years. This depression was the largest in a series of recessions at the turn of the 20th century, which proved to be a period of overall stagnation as the U.S. financial markets failed to keep pace with industrialization and changes in monetary policy. Great Depression The Great Depression, however, is widely considered to have been the most severe recession in U.S. history. Following the Wall Street Crash in 1929, the country's economy collapsed, wages fell and a quarter of the workforce was unemployed. It would take almost four years for recovery to begin. Additionally, U.S. expansion and integration in international markets allowed the depression to become a global event, which became a major catalyst in the build up to the Second World War. Decreasing severity When comparing recessions before and after the Great Depression, they have generally become shorter and less frequent over time. Only three recessions in the latter period have lasted more than one year. Additionally, while there were 12 recessions between 1880 and 1920, there were only six recessions between 1980 and 2020. The most severe recession in recent years was the financial crisis of 2007 (known as the Great Recession), where irresponsible lending policies and lack of government regulation allowed for a property bubble to develop and become detached from the economy over time, this eventually became untenable and the bubble burst. Although the causes of both the Great Depression and Great Recession were similar in many aspects, economists have been able to use historical evidence to try and predict, prevent, or limit the impact of future recessions.

The statistic shows the worst days of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index from 1897 to 2024. The worst day in the history of the index was ****************, when the index value decreased by ***** percent. The largest single day loss in points was on ***********.

On October 29, 1929, the U.S. experienced the most devastating stock market crash in it's history. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 set in motion the Great Depression, which lasted for twelve years and affected virtually all industrialized countries. In the United States, GDP fell to it's lowest recorded level of just 57 billion U.S dollars in 1933, before rising again shortly before the Second World War. After the war, GDP fluctuated, but it increased gradually until the Great Recession in 2008. Real GDP Real GDP allows us to compare GDP over time, by adjusting all figures for inflation. In this case, all numbers have been adjusted to the value of the US dollar in FY2012. While GDP rose every year between 1946 and 2008, when this is adjusted for inflation it can see that the real GDP dropped at least once in every decade except the 1960s and 2010s. The Great Recession Apart from the Great Depression, and immediately after WWII, there have been two times where both GDP and real GDP dropped together. The first was during the Great Recession, which lasted from December 2007 until June 2009 in the US, although its impact was felt for years after this. After the collapse of the financial sector in the US, the government famously bailed out some of the country's largest banking and lending institutions. Since recovery began in late 2009, US GDP has grown year-on-year, and reached 21.4 trillion dollars in 2019. The coronavirus pandemic and the associated lockdowns then saw GDP fall again, for the first time in a decade. As economic recovery from the pandemic has been compounded by supply chain issues, inflation, and rising global geopolitical instability, it remains to be seen what the future holds for the U.S. economy.

Between 2007 and 2024, the number of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) decreased significantly. As of the fourth quarter of 2024, ***** companies were listed on the LSE, a decrease of ** companies compared to the previous quarter.

S&P 500 index data including level, dividend, earnings and P/E ratio on a monthly basis since 1870. The S&P 500 (Standard and Poor's 500) is a free-float, capitalization-weighted index of the top ...

Global High Thermal Conductivity Graphite Materials market size 2025 was XX Million. High Thermal Conductivity Graphite Materials Industry compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2025 till 2033.

For the fifth consecutive year, the global whole fresh milk market recorded growth in sales value, which increased by 5% to $826.8B in 2024. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the period from 2012 to 2024; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Global consumption peaked in 2024 and is likely to continue growth in the near future.

The ultrafast lasers market is poised for significant expansion between 2025 and 2035, driven by increasing demand in micromachining, biomedical applications, scientific research, and consumer electronics. The market is expected to grow from USD 1,900 million in 2025 to USD 5,700 million by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% over the forecast period.

Metric	Value
Market Size (2025E)	USD 1,900 million
Market Value (2035F)	USD 5,700 million
CAGR (2025 to 2035)	9.5%

Country-wise Outlook

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
United States	9.3%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
United Kingdom	8.7%

Region	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
European Union	9.0%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Japan	9.1%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
South Korea	9.4%

Segmentation Outlook

Laser Type	Market Share (2025)
Fiber Lasers	47.6%

Application	Market Share (2025)
Scientific Research	54.2%

Competitive Outlook

Company/Organization Name	Estimated Market Share (%)
Coherent Inc.	20-25%
Trumpf Group	15-19%
IPG Photonics Corporation	12-16%
Amplitude Laser Group	9-13%
Other Companies (Combined)	27-44%

Interactive chart of historical daily COMEX copper prices back to 1971. The price shown is in U.S. Dollars per pound.

The U.S. sanitary paper product market was estimated at $16.6B in 2024, rising by 3.6% against the previous year. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +3.4% over the period from 2013 to 2024; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, the market hit record highs in 2024 and is likely to see steady growth in the immediate term.

The Singaporean pineapple market declined to $6.7M in 2024, with a decrease of -14.3% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers' margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Overall, consumption, however, saw a relatively flat trend pattern.

In 2024, the Russian fruit market decreased by -7.3% to $6B, falling for the second consecutive year after three years of growth. In general, consumption, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the market attained the peak level at $6.5B in 2022; however, from 2023 to 2024, consumption remained at a lower figure.