In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

The average for 2022 based on 74 countries was 1244.55 billion U.S. dollars. The highest value was in the USA: 40297.98 billion U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Bermuda: 0.21 billion U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1975 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global stock market size will be USD 3645.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1458.1 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1093.6 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 838.4 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 182.3 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 72.9 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The broker end users held the highest stock market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Stock Market

Key Drivers for the Stock Market

Rising Demand for Real-Time Data and Analytics to be an Emerging Market Trend

The increasing need for real-time data and advanced analytics is a significant driver in the stock trading and investing market growth. Investors and traders require up-to-the-minute information on stock prices, market trends, and financial news to make informed decisions quickly. As financial markets become more dynamic and competitive, the ability to access and analyze real-time data becomes crucial for success. Trading applications that offer real-time updates, advanced charting tools, and detailed analytics provide users with a competitive edge by enabling them to react swiftly to market movements. This heightened demand for real-time insights fuels the development and adoption of sophisticated trading platforms that cater to both professional traders and retail investors seeking to maximize their investment opportunities.

Increasing Adoption of Mobile Trading Platforms to Boost Market Growth

The rapid adoption of mobile trading platforms is another key driver for the stock market expansion. With the proliferation of smartphones and mobile internet access, investors are increasingly favoring mobile platforms for their trading activities due to their convenience and accessibility. Mobile trading apps offer users the ability to trade, monitor portfolios, and access financial information on the go, which appeals to both active traders and casual investors. This shift towards mobile platforms is supported by innovations in-app functionality, user experience, and security features. As more investors seek flexibility and real-time engagement with their investments, the demand for sophisticated and user-friendly mobile trading applications continues to rise, propelling market growth.

Restraint Factor for the Stock Market

Stringent Rules and Regulations to Impede the Adoption of Online Trading Platforms

Regulatory compliance and legal challenges are major restraints for the stock trading and investing market share. The financial industry is heavily regulated, with strict rules governing trading practices, data protection, and financial disclosures. Compliance with these regulations requires substantial investment in legal expertise, technology, and administrative processes. Changes in regulations can also introduce uncertainty and additional compliance costs for application providers. For example, regulations such as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) in Europe and the Dodd-Frank Act in the U.S. impose stringent requirements on trading practices and transparency. Failure to adhere to these regulations can result in legal penalties and damage to a company’s reputation, which can inhibit market growth and innovation in trading applications.

Market Volatility and Investor Uncertainty

The stock market is highly sensitive to global economic conditions, geopolitical tensions, interest rate fluctuations, and unexpected events (such as pandemics or wars). This inherent volatility can lead to sharp declines in investor confidence and capital outflows, especially among retai...

Market capitalization of World jumped by 11.21% from 102,923,059,370,000.0 US dollars in 2023 to 114,462,421,710,000.0 US dollars in 2024. Since the 15.77% drop in 2022, market capitalization shot up by 22.37% in 2024. Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. Listed companies does not include investment companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment vehicles.

The value of global domestic equity market increased from ***** trillion U.S. dollars in 2013 to ****** trillion U.S. dollars in 2024. The United States was by far the leading country with the largest share of total world stocks as of 2024. Global market capitalization in different regions The market capitalization of domestic companies listed varied across different regions of the world. As of Decmber 2024, the Americas region had the largest domestic equity market, totaling ** trillion U.S. dollars. This region is home to the NYSE and Nasdaq, which are the two largest stock exchange operators in the world. The market capitalization of these two exchanges alone exceeded ** billion U.S. dollars as of January 2025, larger than the total market capitalization in the Asia-Pacific, and in the EMEA regions in the same period. Largest Stock Exchanges in Latin America As of December 2024, the B3 (Brasil Bolsa Balcao) was the biggest stock exchange in Latin America in terms of market capitalization and the second-largest in terms of number of listed companies. Following the B3 were the Mexican Stock Exchange and the Santiago Stock Exchange in Chile. The most valuable company in Latin America is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange: Fomento Económico Mexicano, a multinational beverage and retail company headquartered in Monterrey, had a market cap of *** billion U.S. dollars as of March 2025.

The average for 2021 based on 87 countries was 32.21 percent. The highest value was in Venezuela: 991.39 percent and the lowest value was in Botswana: -6.38 percent. The indicator is available from 1984 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Securities Brokerages and Stock Exchanges Market Outlook

The global securities brokerages and stock exchanges market size is projected to grow significantly, with the market value estimated at USD 75 billion in 2023 and expected to reach USD 115 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.8% over the forecast period. The burgeoning growth can be attributed to the increasing participation of both retail and institutional investors, technological advancements in trading platforms, and the globalization of financial markets which have collectively contributed to the expansion of the securities brokerages and stock exchanges sector. This growth trajectory is further bolstered by the rising accessibility of financial markets to a broader audience, driven by the proliferation of online brokerage services and mobile trading platforms.

One of the primary growth factors for this market is the surge in retail investors entering the space, largely fueled by the democratization of trading through online platforms and apps. These platforms have significantly lowered the barriers to entry, providing user-friendly interfaces and educational content that empower individuals to manage their investments independently. Additionally, the rise of social media and financial forums has created a community-driven approach to investing, where retail investors share insights and strategies, further increasing market participation. The pandemic has accelerated this trend, as many individuals have turned to the stock market as a means of supplementing income during economic uncertainty.

Another key driver is the technological advancements shaping the landscape of securities trading. The incorporation of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain technologies has revolutionized the way trades are executed, making them faster, more secure, and more efficient. High-frequency trading, powered by sophisticated algorithms, has become a dominant force in the market, contributing to increased trading volumes and liquidity. Furthermore, the development of robo-advisors and automated trading systems has made investment management more accessible and affordable, attracting a diverse array of investors with varying levels of expertise.

Moreover, globalization has significantly impacted the securities brokerages and stock exchanges market, as cross-border trading has become more prevalent. Financial markets are increasingly interconnected, allowing investors to access global opportunities beyond their domestic exchanges. This has led to a diversification of investment portfolios, with investors seeking exposure to emerging markets that offer high growth potential. Consequently, stock exchanges around the world are collaborating and forming alliances to facilitate seamless trading across borders, enhancing liquidity and market depth.

Service Type Analysis

The service type segment of the securities brokerages and stock exchanges market can be broadly categorized into full-service brokerages, discount brokerages, and stock exchanges. Full-service brokerages offer a comprehensive range of services, including investment advice, portfolio management, research reports, and retirement planning. This segment is traditionally preferred by high-net-worth individuals and institutional investors who require personalized and in-depth financial services. Despite higher fees, the demand for full-service brokerages remains steady due to the value-added services they provide, especially in complex financial environments.

Discount brokerages have gained significant traction in recent years, driven by the rise of self-directed investing. These platforms offer low-cost trading services with minimal or no advisory support, appealing to price-sensitive retail investors who are confident in their investment decisions. The competitive pricing models of discount brokerages, coupled with their easy-to-use digital platforms, have disrupted the traditional brokerage industry by attracting a large pool of younger, tech-savvy investors. The shift towards online and mobile trading has further accelerated the growth of this segment.

Stock exchanges, as the backbone of capital markets, provide the infrastructure necessary for the trading of securities. They play a critical role in ensuring market transparency, liquidity, and price discovery. As financial markets evolve, stock exchanges are increasingly adopting innovative technologies to enhance their trading systems and attract more listings. The introduction of new trading products, such as derivatives and ETFs, has diversified the offeri

In the first quarter of 2020, global stock indices posted substantial losses that were triggered by the outbreak of COVID-19. The period from March 6 to 18 was particularly dramatic, with several stock indices losing more than ** percent of their value. Worldwide panic hits markets From the United States to the United Kingdom, stock market indices suffered steep falls as the coronavirus pandemic created economic uncertainty. The Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 are two indices that track company performance in the United States, and both lost value as lockdowns were introduced in the country. European markets also recorded significant slumps, which triggered panic selling among investors. The FTSE 100 – the leading share index of companies in the UK – plunged by as much as ** percent in the opening weeks of March 2020. Is it time to invest in tech stocks? The S&P 500 is regarded as the best representation of the U.S. economy because it includes more companies from the leading industries. However, helped in no small part by its focus on tech companies, the Nasdaq 100 has risen in popularity and seen remarkable growth in recent years. Global demand for digital technologies has increased further due to the coronavirus, with remote working and online shopping becoming part of the new normal. As a result, more investors are likely to switch to the tech stocks listed on the Nasdaq 100.

Japan's main stock market index, the JP225, rose to 42633 points on August 22, 2025, gaining 0.05% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.55% and is up 11.13% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Japan. Japan Stock Market Index (JP225) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Get access to leading financial market news coverage including exclusive access to Reuters news as well as 10,500 additional news sources and feeds.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

Global Top Index: Exploring Trends in Stock Markets

  About the Dataset

The Global Top Index dataset offers a detailed view of daily trading activities from several of the world's leading stock market indices. This dataset is ideal for conducting comprehensive analyses to uncover insights and predictive trends in the international stock markets.

  Dataset Contents

The dataset encompasses the following key data points for each trading session across multiple dates… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/pettah/global-top-Index-exploring-trends-in-stock-Market.

United States US: Stocks Traded: Total Value data was reported at 39,785.881 USD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 42,071.330 USD bn for 2016. United States US: Stocks Traded: Total Value data is updated yearly, averaging 17,934.293 USD bn from Dec 1984 (Median) to 2017, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47,245.496 USD bn in 2008 and a record low of 1,108.421 USD bn in 1984. United States US: Stocks Traded: Total Value data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Financial Sector. The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to listing and admitted to trading are included in the data. Data are end of year values converted to U.S. dollars using corresponding year-end foreign exchange rates.; ; World Federation of Exchanges database.; Sum; Stock market data were previously sourced from Standard & Poor's until they discontinued their 'Global Stock Markets Factbook' and database in April 2013. Time series have been replaced in December 2015 with data from the World Federation of Exchanges and may differ from the previous S&P definitions and methodology.

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, rose to 3826 points on August 22, 2025, gaining 1.45% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 6.80% and is up 34.03% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The average for 2022 based on 28 countries was 121.02 percent. The highest value was in Hong Kong: 1273.23 percent and the lowest value was in Armenia: 1.29 percent. The indicator is available from 1975 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

While the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused all major stock market indices to fall sharply in March 2020, both the extent of the decline at this time, and the shape of the subsequent recovery, have varied greatly. For example, on March 15, 2020, major European markets and traditional stocks in the United States had shed around ** percent of their value compared to January *, 2020. However, Asian markets and the NASDAQ Composite Index only shed around ** to ** percent of their value. A similar story can be seen with the post-coronavirus recovery. As of November 14, 2021 the NASDAQ composite index value was around ** percent higher than in January 2020, while most other markets were only between ** and ** percent higher. Why did the NASDAQ recover the quickest? Based in New York City, the NASDAQ is famously considered a proxy for the technology industry as many of the world’s largest technology industries choose to list there. And it just so happens that technology was the sector to perform the best during the coronavirus pandemic. Accordingly, many of the largest companies who benefitted the most from the pandemic such as Amazon, PayPal and Netflix, are listed on the NADSAQ, helping it to recover the fastest of the major stock exchanges worldwide. Which markets suffered the most? The energy sector was the worst hit by the global COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, oil companies share prices suffered large declines over 2020 as demand for oil plummeted while workers found themselves no longer needing to commute, and the tourism industry ground to a halt. In addition, overall share prices in two major stock exchanges – the London Stock Exchange (as represented by the FTSE 100 index) and Hong Kong (as represented by the Hang Seng index) – have notably recovered slower than other major exchanges. However, in both these, the underlying issue behind the slower recovery likely has more to do with political events unrelated to the coronavirus than it does with the pandemic – namely Brexit and general political unrest, respectively.

Dataset Description: 34-year Daily Stock Data (1990-2024)

Context and Inspiration

This dataset captures historical financial market data and macroeconomic indicators spanning over three decades, from 1990 onwards. It is designed for financial analysis, time series forecasting, and exploring relationships between market volatility, stock indices, and macroeconomic factors. This dataset is particularly relevant for researchers, data scientists, and enthusiasts interested in studying: - Volatility forecasting (VIX) - Stock market trends (S&P 500, DJIA, HSI) - Macroeconomic influences on markets (joblessness, interest rates, etc.) - The effect of geopolitical and economic uncertainty (EPU, GPRD)

Sources

The data has been aggregated from a mix of historical financial records and publicly available macroeconomic datasets: - VIX (Volatility Index): Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). - Stock Indices (S&P 500, DJIA, HSI): Yahoo Finance and historical financial databases. - Volume Data: Extracted from official exchange reports. - Macroeconomic Indicators: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Federal Reserve, and other public records. - Uncertainty Metrics (EPU, GPRD): Economic Policy Uncertainty Index and Global Policy Uncertainty Database.

Columns

1. dt: Date of observation in YYYY-MM-DD format.
2. vix: VIX (Volatility Index), a measure of expected market volatility.
3. sp500: S&P 500 index value, a benchmark of the U.S. stock market.
4. sp500_volume: Daily trading volume for the S&P 500.
5. djia: Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), another key U.S. market index.
6. djia_volume: Daily trading volume for the DJIA.
7. hsi: Hang Seng Index, representing the Hong Kong stock market.
8. ads: Aruoba-Diebold-Scotti (ADS) Business Conditions Index, reflecting U.S. economic activity.
9. us3m: U.S. Treasury 3-month bond yield, a short-term interest rate proxy.
10. joblessness: U.S. unemployment rate, reported as quartiles (1 represents lowest quartile and so on).
11. epu: Economic Policy Uncertainty Index, quantifying policy-related economic uncertainty.
12. GPRD: Geopolitical Risk Index (Daily), measuring geopolitical risk levels.
13. prev_day: Previous day’s S&P 500 closing value, added for lag-based time series analysis.

Key Features

• Cross-Market Analysis: Compare U.S. markets (S&P 500, DJIA) with international benchmarks like HSI.
• Macroeconomic Insights: Assess how external factors like joblessness, interest rates, and economic uncertainty affect markets.
• Temporal Scope: Longitudinal data facilitates trend analysis and machine learning model training.

Potential Use Cases

• Forecasting market indices using machine learning or statistical models.
• Building volatility trading strategies with VIX Futures.
• Economic research on relationships between policy uncertainty and market behavior.
• Educational material for financial data visualization and analysis tutorials.

Feel free to use this dataset for academic, research, or personal projects.

United Kingdom's main stock market index, the GB100, rose to 9309 points on August 21, 2025, gaining 0.23% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.16% and is up 12.32% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United Kingdom. United Kingdom Stock Market Index (GB100) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Israel's main stock market index, the TA-125, rose to 3064 points on August 21, 2025, gaining 0.69% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 1.67%, though it remains 50.74% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Israel. Israel Stock Market (TA-125) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.