Storm Data is provided by the National Weather Service (NWS) and contain statistics on personal injuries and damage estimates. Storm Data covers the United States of America. The data began as early as 1950 through to the present, updated monthly with up to a 120 day delay possible. NCDC Storm Event database allows users to find various types of storms recorded by county, or use other selection criteria as desired. The data contain a chronological listing, by state, of hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, floods, drought conditions, lightning, high winds, snow, temperature extremes and other weather phenomena.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Other Collections. The data include parameters of database with a geographic location of . The time period coverage is from Unavailable begin date to Unavailable end date in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

The Severe Weather Data Inventory (SWDI) is an integrated database of severe weather records for the United States. SWDI enables a user to search through a variety of source data sets in the NCDC (now NCEI) archive in order to find records covering a particular time period and geographic region, and then to download the results of the search in a variety of formats. The formats currently supported are Shapefile (for GIS), KMZ (for Google Earth), CSV (comma-separated), and XML. The current data layers in SWDI are: Storm Cells from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product); Hail Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product); Mesocyclone Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Meso Product); Digital Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm from NEXRAD (Level-III MDA Product); Tornado Signature from NEXRAD (Level-III TVS Product); Preliminary Local Storm Reports from the NOAA National Weather Service; Lightning Strikes from Vaisala NLDN.

When severe weather occurs in the United States, there are networks of humans and sensors that observe and report the events and their details to the National Weather Service. These storm reports are aggregated and archived by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. With over 1.7 million records over 70 years, the Storm Events Database is the most comprehensive, official record of severe weather in the U.S. This layer is a simplified version of the full database, providing information on:DateLocationEvent TypeNumber of injuries and deathsEstimated property damageEvent/episode summariesUse the NOAA Storm Events Database Explorer ArcGIS Dashboard for a more interactive data exploration. Known Data Quality Issue: approximately 650,000 of the 1.71 million features do not include latitude or longitude values in the original NOAA data source. To address these issues in the 2021 data update, the following has been done:Use the county and state fields the geolocate unknown locations using the ArcGIS World Geocoding Service. These events will all appear at the county centroid. There are a total of 646,039 records in this category. The field LatLon Known describes if an original geolocation was provided (Yes) or if it was generated per above (No).Marine (CZ_Type = M) locations without a known lat/lon were not included. There are a total of 3,987 records in this category. For related archives of weather information, please see the Windstorm Points and Paths, Hailstorm Points and Paths, and Historical Hurricane layers.Data caveatsPer NCEI, the "National Weather Service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to: county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, skywarn spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public, among others." However, these sources are all population-dependent, and many severe weather events are assumed to not be reported in areas of low population. Not only does this bias occur across space, but also across time as many areas had lower populations in the mid-20th Century, and more advanced networks and reporting methods have evolved with technology.

This layer has been updated with an improved version available here. When severe weather occurs in the United States, there are networks of humans and sensors that observe and report the events and their details to the National Weather Service. These storm reports are aggregated and archived by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. With over 1.7 million records over 70 years, the Storm Events Database is the most comprehensive, official record of severe weather in the U.S. This layer is a simplified version of the full database, providing information on:DateLocationEvent TypeNumber of injuries and deathsEstimated property damageEvent/episode summariesFor related archives of weather information, please see the Windstorm Points and Paths, Hailstorm Points and Paths, and Historical Hurricane layers.Data caveatsPer NCEI, the "National Weather Service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to: county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, skywarn spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public, among others." However, these sources are all population-dependent, and many severe weather events are assumed to not be reported in areas of low population. Not only does this bias occur across space, but also across time as many areas had lower populations in the mid-20th Century, and more advanced networks and reporting methods have evolved with technology.

From https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

Storm Events Database

The Storm Events Database contains the records used to create the official NOAA Storm Data publication, documenting:

• The occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce;

• Rare, unusual, weather phenomena that generate media attention, such as snow flurries in South Florida or the San Diego coastal area; and

• Other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occur in connection with another event.

The database currently contains data from January 1950 to September 2020, as entered by NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS). Due to changes in the data collection and processing procedures over time, there are unique periods of record available depending on the event type. NCEI has performed data reformatting and standardization of event types but has not changed any data values for locations, fatalities, injuries, damage, narratives and any other event specific information. Please refer to the Database Details page for more information.

The Storm Events Database is an integrated database of severe weather events across the United States from 1950 to this year, with information about a storm event's location, azimuth, distance, impact, and severity, including the cost of damages to property and crops. It contains data documenting: The occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce Rare, unusual, weather phenomena that generate media attention, such as snow flurries in South Florida or the San Diego coastal area Other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occur in connection with another event. Data about a specific event is added to the dataset within 120 days to allow time for damage assessments and other analysis. For preliminary data about storms within the last 120 days, see the preliminary storm reports dataset from the Storm Prediction Center. You can find more detailed information about the dataset, including the list of the 40 possible storm event types, by looking at the documentation published by the National Weather Service. Though every effort is made to ensure the dataset is as complete as possible, some storm events are missing. Use of the data should cite NOAA and NESDIS/NCEI as the dataset creator and the Severe Weather Data Inventory as the dataset. This public dataset is hosted in Google BigQuery and is included in BigQuery's 1TB/mo of free tier processing. This means that each user receives 1TB of free BigQuery processing every month, which can be used to run queries on this public dataset.

The Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) Extreme Weather Events (EWE) database (EWE_database_V1.0.0.xlsx) is a comprehensive record of extreme weather events in ANZ. The events listed in this database have been carefully assessed and categorized based on their meteorological significance, considering their rarity and whether they broke records or triggered official weather warnings. Some of the metrics used to classify each event rely on subjective judgment and expert opinions. The database captures meteorologically significant events, including those that have caused substantial damage to properties or led to casualties, and, in some cases, includes supplementary information about their socioeconomic impacts. The information in the EWE database is primarily sourced from the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Ltd (MetService) and the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Additional impact data have been added from various media sources, with insured loss data for some events sourced from the Insurance Council of New Zealand (ICNZ).

Note - For more information about the database and the other additional files, please look into the Metadata (Metadata_EWE_V.1.0.0.docx) and the supplementary document (Supplementary document on EWE_V.1.0.0.docx).

Storm Data is provided by the National Weather Service (NWS) and contain statistics on...

• Update Frequency: Weekly

Data from this dataset can be downloaded/accessed through this dataset page and Kaggle's API.

Context

Severe weather is defined as a destructive storm or weather. It is usually applied to local, intense, often damaging storms such as thunderstorms, hail storms, and tornadoes, but it can also describe more widespread events such as tropical systems, blizzards, nor'easters, and derechos.

The Severe Weather Data Inventory (SWDI) is an integrated database of severe weather records for the United States. The records in SWDI come from a variety of sources in the NCDC archive. SWDI provides the ability to search through all of these data to find records covering a particular time period and geographic region, and to download the results of your search in a variety of formats. The formats currently supported are Shapefile (for GIS), KMZ (for Google Earth), CSV (comma-separated), and XML.

Content

The current data layers in SWDI are:
- Filtered Storm Cells (Max Reflectivity >= 45 dBZ) from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product)
- All Storm Cells from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product)
- Filtered Hail Signatures (Max Size > 0 and Probability = 100%) from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product)
- All Hail Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product)
- Mesocyclone Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Meso Product)
- Digital Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm from NEXRAD (Level-III MDA Product)
- Tornado Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III TVS Product)
- Preliminary Local Storm Reports from the NOAA National Weather Service
- Lightning Strikes from Vaisala NLDN

Disclaimer:
SWDI provides a uniform way to access data from a variety of sources, but it does not provide any additional quality control beyond the processing which took place when the data were archived. The data sources in SWDI will not provide complete severe weather coverage of a geographic region or time period, due to a number of factors (eg, reports for a location or time period not provided to NOAA). The absence of SWDI data for a particular location and time should not be interpreted as an indication that no severe weather occurred at that time and location. Furthermore, much of the data in SWDI is automatically derived from radar data and represents probable conditions for an event, rather than a confirmed occurrence.

Acknowledgements

Dataset Source: NOAA. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source — http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Cover photo by NASA on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

This repository contains the input data used in the Jupyter notebook downloadable from Github here.

Such input data consists in two main datasets:

• A raw (global and regional) flood reports from four different databases.
• A global daily rainfall analysis from NOAA (CPC_GLOBAL_PRCP_v1.0).

The Jupyter notebook runs a Python code that post-processes the raw flood reports, using information extracted from other datasets, to select some reports of interest (mainly regarding pluvial and flash floods). At a later stage, such reports are merged into a single database for global pluvial/flash flood reports. The Jupyter notebook also runs a Metview-Python code to visualize partial and final results as map plots.

The four original databases are:

1. FloodList, FL (Global domain): http://floodlist.com/
2. Emergency Events Database, EMDAT (Global domain): https://www.emdat.be/
3. European Severe Weather Database, ESWD (Europe): https://www.essl.org/cms/european-severe-weather-database/
4. Storm Events Database, SED (USA): https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

NOTE: For more details about these databases (documentation, licenses, etc.), look at the README.md file.

NOTE: The data in this repository is intended for an exclusive NON-COMMERCIAL academic or personal use, and it is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. For more information, look at the LICENSE.md file.

Overview of Data Sources

Flooding Event Data: The flooding event summaries were developed using the NOAA Storm Events Database, available for download at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information website. While there are many weather events provided in the NOAA Storm Events Database, only the following values were selected for inclusion in the locality summaries: coastal flood, flash flood, flood, heavy rain, hurricane (typhoon), and tropical storm. Detailed descriptions of event types are provided in Appendix A of NOAA's National Weather Service documentation. The data included in this summary includes events recorded from January 1996 through August 2021.

FEMA National Flood Insurance Program Claims: The NFIP claims data were obtained through the FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims data, available through the OpenFEMA data portal. The data used in this analysis was last updated December 6, 2021.

While every effort has been made to obtain current information about the flood events and flood insurance claims contained herein, no representation or assurance is made regarding the accuracy of the underlying data. Please contact HRDPC staff with questions regarding this dashboard product.

Data for 2006-2020

Dust storm occurrences from NCEI Storm Events Database (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/), for locations in/near major population centers of Maricopa and Kern counties.

Maricopa County, Arizona coccidioidomycosis cases from Arizona Department of Health Services.

Kern County, California coccidioidomycosis cases from Kern County Public Health Services Department.

See this publication for further details:

Comrie, A.C., 2021: No Consistent Link Between Dust Storms and Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis). GeoHealth 5, e2021GH000504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000504.

Storm Data is provided by the National Weather Service (NWS) and contain statistics on personal injuries and damage estimates. Storm Data covers the United States of America. The data began as early as 1950 through to the present, updated monthly with up to a 120 day delay possible. The data are also available from the NCDC Storm Event database, DSI 3910_03, to find various types of storms recorded in your county, or use other selection criteria as desired. The data contain a chronological listing, by state, of hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, floods, drought conditions, lightning, high winds, snow, temperature extremes and other weather phenomena.

TEMPEST (Tracking Extremes of Meteorological Phenomena Experienced in Space and Time) is the major output of the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funded project “Spaces of Experience and Horizons of Expectation: Extreme Weather in the UK, Past, Present and Future (which ran from 2013-2017)".

TEMPEST was designed as a freely accessible and user-friendly database resource on the UK’s weather and climate history. TEMPEST is comprised of narrative accounts of extreme weather events of all types, extracted from documentary materials located in a range of archival repositories in the UK (consequentially, please see the quality statement note below concerning data issues). The information has been extracted from a wide range of documents, including letters, diaries, church records, school log-books and many others. The entries span more than 400 years - some as early as 1346 - of weather history and relate to places across the UK, though the data search was focused in five case-study regions: Central England, Southwest England, East Anglia, Wales, and Northwest Scotland.

Each event entry or narrative has been assigned to at least one weather type, is dated (at least to a year), and is geographically referenced (using digital coordinates). Many also contain material relating to the impacts of the weather event and responses to it. In addition to information on extreme weather events, TEMPEST contains details of the original documents, their authors, and the collections and repositories in which they are held. TEMPEST is searchable by all of these fields.

Users are advised to read the quality statement carefully with regards to possible issues in date and location accuracy and the way "extreme" events were documented. Additionally, users should be aware that the period covered by the dataset includes the change from the Julian to Gregorian calendar. In order to manage that change 11 days were omitted from the year 1752, i.e. the day after the 2 September 1752 was 14 September, in accordance with the Calendar Act of 1751. Until September 1752 the New Year began on 25 March (Lady Day) but dual dating was commonplace for many years before, adding a further layer of complication to events that took place from 1 January to 24 March, and making 1751 a short year running from 25 March to 31 December! Scotland had changed the start of the year to 1 January in 1600. Where clear, the Gregorian calendar date has been used, providing further details in the notes section.

Context

This data set contains the number of confirmed tornadoes for each state for each year and their responding affects.

Content

Current table includes number of confirmed tornadoes in each state for each year from 1951 to 2019. Future datasets will be related to Fujita/Enhanced Fujita rank, total damage (reported and inflation corrected), and fatalities/injuries. Data is from National Centers for Environmental Information's Storm Events Database.

Inspiration

I am curious about the trend of sever weather occurring in the United States over time. This started with tornadic events but will evolve to severe thunderstorm and hail events as well.

This dataset includes national holidays and days before and after them, recorded storms, and major delays at airports. Sources include the National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database and official holidays.

This contains synthetically generated distribution networks and weather data, as well as real world weather data that was use to trained the model in the paper "Predicting Extreme Weather-Induced Outages in Distribution Networks Using Graph-Based Neural Network Models".Six synthetic distribution networks were generated, using NREL Shift in Orange County, FL and consist of mainly urban topologies. Synthetic weather events were generated using uniform distributions for weather features to explore a range of potential conditions. Wind speeds were sampled from 0 to 120 mph, and precipitation levels were sampled from 0 to 70 mm. Real-world weather events were selected from the NOAA Storm Events Database. The selected events included tropical storms, flash floods, and high winds in Orlando, FL.

During the late afternoon and evening of 23 July 2010, an intense supercell storm produced severe wind gusts, an EF0 tornado, and extremely large hail as it tracked southeastward across south-central South Dakota. The largest hailstone preserved from the storm was found in Vivian, SD and would go on to set United States records for maximum weight and diameter. The dataset is taken directly from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database. The Storm Events Database contains the records used to create the official NOAA Storm Data publication.