Protein networks have become a popular tool for analyzing and visualizing the often long lists of proteins or genes obtained from proteomics and other high-throughput technologies. One of the most popular sources of such networks is the STRING database, which provides protein networks for more than 2000 organisms, including both physical interactions from experimental data and functional associations from curated pathways, automatic text mining, and prediction methods. However, its web interface is mainly intended for inspection of small networks and their underlying evidence. The Cytoscape software, on the other hand, is much better suited for working with large networks and offers greater flexibility in terms of network analysis, import, and visualization of additional data. To include both resources in the same workflow, we created stringApp, a Cytoscape app that makes it easy to import STRING networks into Cytoscape, retains the appearance and many of the features of STRING, and integrates data from associated databases. Here, we introduce many of the stringApp features and show how they can be used to carry out complex network analysis and visualization tasks on a typical proteomics data set, all through the Cytoscape user interface. stringApp is freely available from the Cytoscape app store: http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/stringapp.

The size of the String (Music) market was valued at USD XXX million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2033, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

The size of the High Elasticity Badminton String market was valued at USD XXX million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

Example of significant functional enrichment proteins in adult and larvae Ae. aegypti.

STRING protein interactions and enrichment analysis of 8 target proteins within previously studied neurodegenerative network (Relates to Fig 4b). (XLSX)

The size of the Electric Adjustable String market was valued at USD XXX million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

The size of the String Wound Filter Material market was valued at USD XXX million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

STRING protein interactions and enrichment analysis of the network involving 8 target proteins (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, TPM4, NPY, PCP4, APRT and SORBS1) (Relates to Fig 3c). (XLSX)

The size of the Plucked String Instruments market was valued at USD XXX million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD XXX million by 2033, with an expected CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

The global string cheese market is on a constant growth trajectory on account of the increasing demand for easy and healthy snack items. By 2025, the total market value is expected to hit the USD 4.3 billion mark, which is associated with a forecasted CAGR of 5.8% from 2025 to 2035.

Company Performance

Discover the booming string cheese market! Explore its projected $5 billion USD value in 2025, 5% CAGR, key drivers, trends, and leading players. Learn about regional variations and future growth potential in this comprehensive market analysis.

The global Guitar String Sets market is projected to experience robust growth, reaching an estimated USD 1.85 billion by 2025, and is anticipated to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.5% through 2033. This upward trajectory is propelled by several key drivers, including the burgeoning popularity of music education and the increasing participation in guitar playing across all age demographics. The sustained demand from both amateur enthusiasts and professional musicians, coupled with the continuous innovation in string materials and manufacturing techniques by leading companies like D'Addario, Ernie Ball, and Martin, underpins this market expansion. Furthermore, the growing accessibility of online music tutorials and the vibrant online community of guitarists foster a continuous influx of new players, thereby driving the demand for replacement and upgrade string sets. The market's segmentation into electric and acoustic guitar string sets, with further subdivisions by tension (light, medium, heavy), caters to a diverse range of playing styles and preferences, ensuring broad market penetration. The market is characterized by evolving trends, such as the increasing adoption of advanced materials like coated strings, which offer enhanced durability and tone, appealing to musicians seeking longer-lasting and superior-sounding options. Elixir and DR Strings are notable for their contributions in this area. Despite the positive outlook, certain restraints, including the relatively high cost of premium string sets and potential counterfeiting issues, could slightly temper growth. However, the sheer volume of guitar players worldwide and the essential nature of strings for instrument functionality are expected to outweigh these challenges. Geographically, North America, led by the United States, is anticipated to maintain its dominance in market share due to a well-established music culture and a significant player base. Asia Pacific, particularly China and India, is poised for substantial growth, driven by a rapidly expanding middle class and a surging interest in Western music genres. The market is highly competitive, with established players like Fender, Gibson, and GHS continuously innovating to capture market share. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global guitar string sets market, encompassing a historical overview from 2019-2024, a detailed examination of the base year 2025, and a robust forecast extending from 2025-2033. The study meticulously dissects market dynamics, identifies key growth drivers and challenges, and profiles leading industry players. With an estimated market size projected in the millions of units annually, this research is designed to equip stakeholders with actionable intelligence for strategic decision-making.

Pathway model based on hub miRNAs and their putative targets from network analysis. * From a set of differentially expressed genes in both chronic HCV (hepatitis C virus) and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) samples, a protein-protein network was constructed using STRING and GeneMANIA. * After topological analysis and network visualization in Cytoscape, the top hub genes were identified. * miRNAs related to hub genes were identified using miRTarBase server and combined with the PPI network to constructed a miRNA-Hubgene network. Based on Figure 4 from Poortahmasebi et al, How Hepatitis C Virus Leads to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Network-Based Study. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay Portal.

Discover the booming guitar string sets market! Our in-depth analysis reveals a $500 million market in 2025, growing at a 5% CAGR. Explore market trends, key players (D'Addario, Ernie Ball, etc.), and regional insights to understand this lucrative industry.

Discover the booming violin strings market! This comprehensive analysis reveals a $84.8 million market in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 3.4% until 2033. Explore market trends, key players (D'Addario, Thomastik-Infeld, Pirastro), and regional insights for violin strings, gut strings, steel strings and synthetic strings.

Cumulative malaria parasite exposure in endemic regions often results in the acquisition of partial immunity and asymptomatic infections. There is limited information on how host-parasite interactions mediate maintenance of chronic symptomless infections that sustain malaria transmission. Here, we have determined the gene expression profiles of the parasite population and the corresponding host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 children (<15 years). We compared children who were defined as uninfected, asymptomatic and those with febrile malaria. Children with asymptomatic infections had a parasite transcriptional profile characterized by a bias toward trophozoite stage (~12 hours-post invasion) parasites and low parasite levels, while earlier ring stage parasites were characteristic of febrile malaria. The host response of asymptomatic children was characterized by downregulated transcription of genes associated with inflammatory responses, compared to children with ..., Proteins were extracted from PBMCs by resuspending the pellet with 5µl of 6M UREA (Thermo scientific). The protein samples were then adjusted with 50mM Triethylamonium bicarbonate (TEAB, Sigma-Aldrich) to 100µl and the protein concentration determined using the Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (Thermo scientific). The protein samples were then reduced with 40mM dithiothretol, alkylated with 80mM iodoacetamide in the dark, and quenched with 80mM iodoacetamide at room temperature, followed by digestion with1µg/µl of trypsin (57). Nine pools, each containing 9 samples and 1 control for batch correction, were prepared by combining 1µl aliquots from each sample. The samples were pooled using a custom randomization R script. The pooled samples were then individually labelled using the Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) 10-plex kit (Thermo Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. One isobaric tag was used solely for the pooled samples and combined with peptides samples labelled with ..., The files can be opened using MaxQuant software, specifically version 2.0.3.0 was used for analysis. Differential protein abundance analysis of MaxQuant output was done using PERSEUS version 2.05.0 software. Protein-protein interaction and Gene ontology analyses was perforened using STRING database version 11.5 (https://string-db.org/)., # Proteome of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asymptomatic malaria and uninfected individuals and the ensuing febrile malaria episodes

Proteins were extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), pooled using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) (10-plex) and injected into the LC-MS/MS for proteomics analysis. The output raw files were loaded into MaxQuant software v2.0.3.0 for protein quantification. The output from MaxQuant was then read using PERSEUS software v2.05.0 and differential protein abundance analysis performed. The Proteomics_metadata file contains the metadata that links each sample to the raw data files and the treatment group (condition).

Description of the data and file structure

The RAW data files provided contains the output data from the LC-MS/MS per each pool. The pools serve as the input data for MaxQuant software.

The Proteomics_metadata contains the metadata information that links each sample to the condition/treatment group (i.e. asymptomatic, uninfecte...

Discover the latest market trends and insights into the lucrative Tennis Nature Gut market. Explore growth drivers, restraints, and key players shaping this niche segment, encompassing cattle and goat gut strings. Analyze regional market share and projected CAGR for informed decision-making.

String Alignment Kit Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global String Alignment Kit market size reached USD 1.28 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust growth driven by the increasing adoption of advanced molecular biology techniques across healthcare, research, and forensic sectors. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 8.1% from 2025 to 2033, with the total value forecasted to reach USD 2.54 billion by 2033. This steady growth is primarily attributed to the rising demand for precise and efficient alignment solutions in genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, as well as ongoing technological innovations and the growing prevalence of genetic disorders globally.

One of the most significant growth factors for the String Alignment Kit market is the surge in genomic and proteomic research activities. The increasing focus on personalized medicine and the rapid expansion of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have heightened the need for accurate alignment of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. Researchers and clinicians are relying on string alignment kits to ensure high fidelity in sequence analysis, which is crucial for identifying genetic variations, understanding disease mechanisms, and developing targeted therapies. Furthermore, the growing number of research laboratories and academic institutions investing in molecular biology tools is further propelling the demand for advanced alignment kits, facilitating more comprehensive and reliable data analysis in both basic and applied research settings.

Technological advancements are playing a pivotal role in shaping the growth trajectory of the String Alignment Kit market. The development of automated and high-throughput string alignment solutions has significantly improved workflow efficiency and accuracy. Modern kits now offer enhanced compatibility with a wide range of sequencing platforms and bioinformatics software, enabling seamless integration into existing laboratory processes. Additionally, the introduction of user-friendly kits with simplified protocols has broadened their accessibility, allowing even small-scale laboratories and clinics to adopt these tools. The ongoing innovation in kit design, reagent stability, and multiplexing capabilities is expected to further boost market adoption, especially as researchers seek to streamline complex molecular analyses and reduce turnaround times.

Another important driver is the rising prevalence of genetic and infectious diseases, which has intensified the need for reliable diagnostic tools. String alignment kits are integral to the workflow of clinical diagnostics, particularly in identifying pathogens, detecting genetic mutations, and supporting precision medicine initiatives. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical role of rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics, leading to increased investment in laboratory infrastructure and molecular testing capabilities worldwide. As healthcare systems continue to prioritize early disease detection and personalized treatment approaches, the demand for high-quality string alignment kits is anticipated to remain strong, further fueling market growth over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America currently leads the String Alignment Kit market, supported by a well-established healthcare infrastructure, substantial research funding, and a high concentration of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Europe follows closely, benefiting from strong government initiatives and a growing focus on genomics research. The Asia Pacific region is emerging as a significant growth hub, driven by expanding healthcare investments, increasing research activities, and a rapidly growing biotechnology sector, particularly in countries like China, India, and Japan. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing gradual adoption, supported by improving healthcare access and rising awareness of molecular diagnostics, albeit at a slower pace compared to developed regions.

Product Type Analysis

Discover the booming violin steel wire string market! Explore a $150 million market with a 5% CAGR, driven by rising musician numbers and innovative string technology. Learn about key players, regional trends, and future growth projections in this in-depth market analysis.

There exists increasing evidence that people with preceding medical conditions, such as diabetes and cancer, have a higher risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and are more vulnerable to severe disease. To get insights into the possible role of the immune system upon COVID-19 infection, 2811 genes of the gene ontology term “immune system process GO: 0002376” were selected for coexpression analysis of the human targets of SARS-CoV-2 (HT-SARS-CoV-2) ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in tissue samples from patients with cancer and diabetes mellitus. The network between HT-SARS-CoV-2 and immune system process genes was analyzed based on functional protein associations using STRING. In addition, STITCH was employed to determine druggable targets. DPP4 was the only immune system process gene, which was coexpressed with the three HT-SARS-CoV-2 genes, while eight other immune genes were at least coexpressed with two HT-SARS-CoV-2 genes. STRING analysis between immune and HT-SARS-CoV-2 genes plotted 19 associations of which there were eight common networking genes in mixed healthy (323) and pan-cancer (11003) tissues in addition to normal (87), cancer (90), and diabetic (128) pancreatic tissues. Using this approach, three commonly applicable druggable connections between HT-SARS-CoV-2 and immune system process genes were identified. These include positive associations of ACE2—DPP4 and TMPRSS2—SRC as well as a negative association of FURIN with ADAM17. Furthermore, 16 drugs were extracted from STITCH (score <0.8) with 32 target genes. Thus, an immunological network associated with HT-SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics tools was identified leading to novel therapeutic opportunities for COVID-19.