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According to our latest research, the global unstructured data classification market size reached USD 2.31 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across sectors. The market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 22.8% from 2025 to 2033, with the market size projected to reach USD 17.3 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by the exponential increase in unstructured data generation, alongside heightened requirements for data security, compliance, and intelligent information management solutions.
The primary growth driver for the unstructured data classification market is the rapid proliferation of data from diverse sources such as emails, social media, IoT devices, and multimedia content. Organizations globally are witnessing a data deluge, with over 80% of enterprise data estimated to be unstructured. This surge has created an urgent need for advanced classification solutions that can efficiently process, categorize, and extract actionable insights from vast volumes of data. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms has significantly enhanced the accuracy and scalability of unstructured data classification, making these solutions indispensable for modern enterprises seeking to optimize operations and extract value from their data assets.
Another significant growth factor is the evolving regulatory landscape that mandates stringent data governance and compliance. With regulations like GDPR, CCPA, and industry-specific standards, businesses are compelled to implement robust data classification frameworks to ensure sensitive information is properly identified, protected, and managed. This has led to increased investments in unstructured data classification solutions, particularly in highly regulated industries such as BFSI, healthcare, and government. Additionally, the rising threat of data breaches and cyberattacks has heightened the focus on data security, further fueling the adoption of classification tools that can proactively identify and safeguard critical information.
The digital transformation wave sweeping across industries is also propelling the market forward. Enterprises are increasingly adopting cloud-based platforms, remote work models, and digital collaboration tools, all of which contribute to the exponential growth of unstructured data. As organizations strive for improved operational efficiency and agility, the demand for scalable and automated data classification solutions is set to escalate. Additionally, the emergence of big data analytics and the growing focus on deriving business intelligence from unstructured sources are expected to provide significant impetus to market expansion over the forecast period.
Regionally, North America continues to dominate the unstructured data classification market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. The region’s leadership is attributed to the presence of major technology providers, advanced IT infrastructure, and high regulatory awareness. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth rate, driven by rapid digitalization, increasing cloud adoption, and expanding investments in data security initiatives. Europe also holds a substantial market share, bolstered by stringent data privacy regulations and a mature enterprise landscape. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually emerging as promising markets, supported by growing awareness and adoption of data management solutions.
The unstructured data classification market by component is segmented into software and services. Software solutions constitute the backbone of this market, offering advanced tools for automated data discovery, classification, and management. The software segment has seen significant innovation, with vendors integrating AI, NLP, and deep learning technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of data classification
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Abstract The amount of unstructured data grows with the popularization of the Internet. Texts in natural language represent a relevant and significant set for the analysis and production of knowledge. This work proposes a quantitative analysis of the preprocessing and training stages of a text classifier, which uses as an attribute the feelings expressed by the users. Artificial Neural Network, as a classifier algorithm, and texts from Amazon, IMDB and Yelp sites were used for the experiments. The database allows the analysis of the expression of positive and negative feelings of the users in evaluations of products and services in unstructured texts. Two distinct processes of preprocessing and different training of the Artificial Neural Networks were carried out to classify the textual set. The results quantitatively confirm the importance of the preprocessing and training stages of the classifier, highlighting the importance of the vocabulary selected for the text representation and classification. The available classification techniques achieve satisfactory results. However, even by using two distinct processes of preprocessing and identifying the best training process, it was not possible to totally eliminate the learning difficulties and understanding of the model for the classifications of feelings that involved subjective characteristics of the expression of human feeling.
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According to our latest research, the global Data Classification and Labeling for Government market size reached USD 1.65 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand for advanced data governance and security solutions across public sector entities. The market is expected to demonstrate a CAGR of 19.6% over the forecast period, reaching a projected value of USD 7.93 billion by 2033. This exceptional growth is primarily driven by the increasing regulatory mandates, heightened cybersecurity concerns, and the rapid digital transformation initiatives within government agencies worldwide.
One of the fundamental growth factors fueling the Data Classification and Labeling for Government market is the exponential rise in data generation and the complexity of managing sensitive information. Governments are increasingly digitizing their operations, leading to a surge in structured and unstructured data. This data often contains sensitive citizen information, national security details, and confidential policy documents. As a result, there is a critical need for robust data classification and labeling tools to ensure proper handling, storage, and sharing of information. The implementation of comprehensive data governance frameworks is becoming indispensable, not only to streamline workflows but also to prevent data breaches and unauthorized access, which could have far-reaching consequences for public trust and national security.
Another significant driver is the evolving regulatory landscape, with governments across the globe enacting stringent data protection laws and compliance requirements. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States, and similar data privacy mandates in Asia Pacific and other regions are compelling government agencies to adopt advanced data classification and labeling solutions. These solutions help ensure that sensitive data is appropriately tagged, managed, and protected throughout its lifecycle, thereby minimizing legal and reputational risks. Furthermore, the increased focus on transparency and accountability in public sector operations has made data classification and labeling a strategic imperative for compliance management and audit readiness.
The rapid advancement of technology, including the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), is also propelling the growth of the Data Classification and Labeling for Government market. AI-powered tools can automate the identification, categorization, and labeling of vast volumes of data with high accuracy and efficiency. This not only reduces the manual workload for government IT teams but also enhances the overall security posture by minimizing human error. Additionally, the integration of these solutions with existing government IT infrastructures, such as cloud computing and hybrid environments, is enabling seamless scalability, flexibility, and interoperability—further driving market adoption.
From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Data Classification and Labeling for Government market, owing to its early adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of stringent regulatory frameworks. Europe follows closely, driven by strong compliance mandates and increasing investments in data security. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a high-growth market, fueled by digital government initiatives and rising awareness about data privacy. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady adoption, albeit at a relatively moderate pace, as governments in these regions ramp up their digital transformation journeys and invest in modern data management solutions.
The Component segment of the Data Classification and Labeling for Government market is bifurcated into Software and Services, each playing a pivotal role in enabling comprehensive data governance. The software segment encompasses a wide range of solutions, including automated classification engines, labeling tools, and integrated data management platforms. These software solutions are designed to facilitate the seamless identification, categorization, and labeling of sensitive data, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and organizational policies. The growing demand for real-time data processing and analytics is further boosting the adopt
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Structured Data Archiving And Application Retirement Market size was valued at USD 6.43 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 14.413 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 9.5% from 2026 to 2032.
Structured Data Archiving And Application Retirement Market Drivers
Regulatory Compliance Requirements: Organizations in a variety of sectors must adhere to legal requirements pertaining to data archiving and preservation. Structured data must be kept on file for legal, auditing, and compliance reasons, according to regulations. Data from defunct or decommissioned applications must be archived by organizations in order to comply with laws like Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), GDPR, HIPAA, and others. The demand for application retirement and structured data archiving solutions is driven by the necessity to comply with regulations.
Cost Optimization and Efficiency: By retiring old programs that are no longer in active use, businesses aim to reduce IT expenses and streamline processes. Updating out-of-date apps requires resources for infrastructure, upkeep, and license. Organizations can enhance operational efficiency, save storage costs, and decommission outdated applications by using structured data archiving and application retirement solutions. These services also free up resources for more strategic projects.
Data Governance and Risk Management: Organizations must manage data at every stage of its lifespan, including the archiving and retirement procedures, in order to implement effective data governance standards. Solutions for structured data archiving make it easier to manage structured data assets by offering features like data classification, audit trails, retention policies, and access controls. Through the implementation of application retirement and organized data archiving methods, organizations can reduce the risks associated with data loss, security breaches, and unauthorized access.
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According to our latest research, the Cloud Data Classification market size reached USD 1.89 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand for data security and compliance solutions across industries. The market is experiencing a strong growth trajectory, with a CAGR of 23.7% projected from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the global market size is forecasted to reach USD 14.21 billion. This rapid expansion is driven by the proliferation of cloud adoption, increasing regulatory mandates, and the growing need for structured data governance in the digital enterprise landscape. As per our latest research findings, organizations are prioritizing cloud data classification to mitigate risks and ensure regulatory compliance, fueling market growth across all major regions.
A primary growth factor for the Cloud Data Classification market is the exponential surge in cloud adoption across both large enterprises and small and medium businesses. As organizations migrate their workloads to cloud environments, the need to effectively manage, classify, and protect sensitive data becomes paramount. The shift towards hybrid and multi-cloud strategies has further intensified the demand for advanced classification solutions that can operate seamlessly across diverse cloud infrastructures. Companies are increasingly recognizing that automated and intelligent data classification is essential for maintaining visibility, enforcing policies, and preventing data breaches in complex, distributed environments. This awareness is translating into accelerated investments in cloud data classification technologies, particularly those leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning for enhanced accuracy and scalability.
Another significant driver is the tightening regulatory landscape, with governments and industry bodies worldwide imposing stricter mandates on data privacy and protection. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and other regional frameworks require organizations to have granular control and visibility over their data assets. Cloud data classification enables enterprises to identify, categorize, and manage sensitive information in accordance with these regulations, thus minimizing the risk of non-compliance and associated penalties. The increasing frequency of data breaches and cyberattacks has heightened the focus on proactive data governance, making classification a critical component of security strategies. As a result, organizations are adopting comprehensive solutions to automate data discovery and classification, ensuring ongoing compliance and risk management.
Technological advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning are also playing a pivotal role in shaping the Cloud Data Classification market. Modern solutions are increasingly incorporating AI-driven analytics to automatically identify patterns, contextual cues, and user behaviors that inform more accurate classification decisions. This not only reduces the manual burden on IT and security teams but also enhances the speed and reliability of data governance processes. The integration of cloud-native capabilities, API-driven architectures, and interoperability with other security and compliance tools is further expanding the applicability of data classification solutions. Vendors are focusing on delivering user-friendly interfaces, customizable policies, and real-time monitoring features, making these solutions accessible to organizations of all sizes and technical maturity levels.
Regionally, North America continues to dominate the Cloud Data Classification market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. The region’s leadership is attributed to the presence of major cloud service providers, a mature cybersecurity ecosystem, and stringent regulatory requirements. Europe follows closely, driven by robust data protection laws and a high level of digital transformation among enterprises. Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region, fueled by rapid cloud adoption, expanding IT infrastructure, and increasing awareness of data security. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, supported by government initiatives and rising investments in digital technologies. The regional outlook remains positive, with all geographies expected to contribute significantly to the market’s expansion over the forecast period.
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As per our latest research, the global Data Discovery and Classification market size reached USD 2.8 billion in 2024, exhibiting robust momentum driven by stringent data privacy regulations and the growing complexity of enterprise data environments. The market is poised for significant expansion, projected to attain USD 9.4 billion by 2033, reflecting a remarkable CAGR of 14.2% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2033. This growth is primarily fueled by the increasing need for organizations to gain visibility into sensitive data, ensure compliance, and strengthen security postures in the face of evolving cyber threats.
The primary growth driver for the Data Discovery and Classification market is the surge in regulatory requirements globally, such as GDPR, CCPA, and other data protection mandates. Organizations across all sectors are under mounting pressure to identify, classify, and secure sensitive information to avoid hefty fines and reputational damage. As data volumes proliferate, especially with the adoption of cloud computing and IoT devices, enterprises are increasingly investing in advanced data discovery and classification tools to automate compliance processes, reduce manual intervention, and enhance operational efficiency. These solutions empower businesses to locate structured and unstructured data, categorize it based on sensitivity, and apply appropriate security controls, thus mitigating risks associated with data breaches and unauthorized access.
Another significant factor propelling the market is the rapid digital transformation and migration to cloud-based infrastructures. As organizations transition to hybrid and multi-cloud environments, the complexity of managing and protecting data grows exponentially. Data discovery and classification solutions are becoming indispensable for enterprises aiming to achieve holistic visibility into their data assets, regardless of where they reside. This capability is crucial not only for regulatory compliance but also for effective data governance, risk management, and strategic decision-making. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into these platforms further enhances their ability to automatically identify sensitive data patterns, classify information in real time, and adapt to evolving data landscapes, thereby supporting agile business operations.
Additionally, the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks have underscored the importance of robust data security frameworks. Data discovery and classification solutions form the foundation of these frameworks by enabling organizations to pinpoint their most valuable and vulnerable data assets. This, in turn, allows security teams to prioritize protection efforts, allocate resources efficiently, and implement targeted controls to prevent data exfiltration. The growing awareness among enterprises about the potential financial and reputational impact of data breaches is accelerating the adoption of these solutions. As a result, vendors are innovating with user-friendly interfaces, seamless integrations, and scalable architectures to cater to organizations of all sizes and industries, further fueling market growth.
Sensitive Data Discovery is becoming increasingly crucial as organizations strive to protect their most valuable information assets. In today's digital age, the sheer volume of data being generated and stored by enterprises is staggering, and not all of it is equally sensitive. Identifying which data requires the highest level of protection is a complex task that can be efficiently managed through advanced data discovery solutions. These tools enable businesses to automatically locate and classify sensitive information, ensuring that it is adequately protected against unauthorized access and breaches. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the ability to swiftly discover and secure sensitive data is paramount for maintaining compliance and safeguarding organizational reputation.
From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Data Discovery and Classification market, accounting for the largest share in 2024 due to the presence of stringent data privacy laws, a high concentration of technology-driven enterprises, and early adoption of advanced security solutions. Europe follows closely, driven
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| BASE YEAR | 2024 |
| HISTORICAL DATA | 2019 - 2023 |
| REGIONS COVERED | North America, Europe, APAC, South America, MEA |
| REPORT COVERAGE | Revenue Forecast, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends |
| MARKET SIZE 2024 | 3.75(USD Billion) |
| MARKET SIZE 2025 | 4.25(USD Billion) |
| MARKET SIZE 2035 | 15.0(USD Billion) |
| SEGMENTS COVERED | Data Type, Deployment Type, Industry Vertical, End User, Regional |
| COUNTRIES COVERED | US, Canada, Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Rest of APAC, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Rest of South America, GCC, South Africa, Rest of MEA |
| KEY MARKET DYNAMICS | Data privacy regulations compliance, Increasing data volume complexity, Rising adoption of cloud solutions, Need for operational efficiency, Growing cybersecurity threats |
| MARKET FORECAST UNITS | USD Billion |
| KEY COMPANIES PROFILED | Talend, Informatica, Varonis, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft, Google, Tenable, Oracle, SAP, SAS, Symantec, Collibra, Netwrix, BigID, Affecto, IBM |
| MARKET FORECAST PERIOD | 2025 - 2035 |
| KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES | Growing regulatory compliance needs, Increasing data privacy concerns, Rising cloud adoption trends, Demand for AI-driven solutions, Enhanced cybersecurity requirements |
| COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (CAGR) | 13.4% (2025 - 2035) |
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Automatic damage assessment by analysing UAV-derived 3D point clouds provides fast information on the damage situation after an earthquake. However, the assessment of different damage grades is challenging given the variety in damage characteristics and limited transferability of methods to other geographic regions or data sources. We present a novel change-based approach to automatically assess multi-class building damage from real-world point clouds using a machine learning model trained on virtual laser scanning (VLS) data. Therein, we (1) identify object-specific point cloud-based change features, (2) extract changed building parts using k-means clustering, (3) train a random forest machine learning model with VLS data based on object-specific change features, and (4) use the classifier to assess building damage in real-world photogrammetric point clouds. We evaluate the classifier with respect to its capacity to classify three damage grades (heavy, extreme, destruction) in pre-event and post-event point clouds of an earthquake in L’Aquila (Italy). Using object-specific change features derived from bi-temporal point clouds, our approach is transferable with respect to multi-source input point clouds used for model training (VLS) and application (real-world photogrammetry). We further achieve geographic transferability by using simulated training data which characterises damage grades across different geographic regions. The model yields high multi-target classification accuracies (overall accuracy: 92.0%–95.1%). Classification performance improves only slightly when using real-world region-specific training data (3% higher overall accuracies). We consider our approach especially relevant for applications where timely information on the damage situation is required and sufficient real-world training data is not available. This dataset includes 3D building models (building_models.zip) representing the target damage grades (no damage, heavy damage, extreme damage, destruction) of this study Python source code (code.zip) used in this study to (1) generate simulated multi-temporal 3D point clouds using HELIOS++ (https://github.com/3dgeo-heidelberg/helios), (2) extract damaged building parts using k-means clustering, (3) compute object-specific geometric change features per building (4) train a multi-target random forest classifier to classify buildings into four damage grades based on object-specific change features.
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The Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance (GRC) Data Classification market is poised for substantial growth, projected to reach an estimated $5,800 million by 2025, driven by an impressive Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 16.5% through 2033. This expansion is primarily fueled by escalating data volumes across all sectors, coupled with increasingly stringent regulatory landscapes and the ever-present threat of sophisticated cyberattacks. Organizations are recognizing data classification not just as a compliance necessity but as a strategic imperative for effective risk management and the enablement of advanced analytics. The burgeoning adoption of cloud computing and the proliferation of sensitive data across hybrid environments further necessitate robust data classification solutions to ensure data privacy, security, and integrity. The BFSI sector, grappling with extensive customer data and regulatory pressures like GDPR and CCPA, leads the adoption, followed closely by government and defense agencies prioritizing national security and citizen data protection. The market's trajectory is further shaped by key trends such as the increasing demand for automated data classification powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), which enhance accuracy and efficiency while reducing manual effort. The integration of GRC data classification with broader data governance frameworks and security operations centers (SOCs) is becoming a standard practice, offering a holistic approach to data management. However, the market faces certain restraints, including the complexity of classifying unstructured data, the high cost of implementing and maintaining advanced classification solutions, and a potential shortage of skilled professionals with expertise in data security and compliance. Despite these challenges, the overarching need for robust data protection and regulatory adherence will continue to propel the GRC data classification market forward, with significant opportunities in emerging economies and specialized industry verticals. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Governance, Risk Management and Compliance (GRC) Data Classification market, offering insights into its current state and future trajectory. Focusing on the period between 2019 and 2033, with a base year of 2025, this study leverages historical data from 2019-2024 and provides a detailed forecast for the upcoming years. The market's intricate dynamics, driven by regulatory pressures, technological advancements, and evolving data security needs, are explored in depth. With an estimated market size projected to reach several million dollars by 2025 and significant growth anticipated throughout the forecast period, this report is an indispensable resource for stakeholders seeking to navigate this critical domain.
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It's interesting to explore various approaches to hierarchical text classification.
Let's start with a dataset with Amazon product reviews, classes are structured: 6 "level 1" classes, 64 "level 2" classes, and 510 "level 3" classes. I share 3 files: - train_40k.csv - training 40k Amazon product reviews - valid_10k.csv - 10k reviews left for validation - unlabeled_150k.csv - raw 150k Amazon product reviews, these can be used for language model finetuning.
Level 1 classes are: health personal care, toys games, beauty, pet supplies, baby products, and grocery gourmet food.
Ideas to explore: - a "flat" approach – concatenate class names like "level1/level2/level3", then train a basic mutli-class model - simple hierarchical approach: first, level 1 model classifies reviews into 6 level 1 classes, then one of 6 level 2 models is picked up, and so on. - fancy approaches like seq2seq with reviews as input and "level1 level2 level3" strings as outputs
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The data is obtained while doing a meta-survey of 45 comparative studies on ontology development methodologies (ODMs).
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According to our latest research, the global unstructured data security market size reached USD 2.78 billion in 2024, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.4% projected from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 17.06 billion. This remarkable growth is driven by the exponential rise in data generation, increasing adoption of cloud computing, and a heightened focus on regulatory compliance and data privacy across industries worldwide. As organizations grapple with the complexity of managing and securing unstructured data, the demand for advanced unstructured data security solutions continues to surge.
One of the primary growth factors fueling the unstructured data security market is the explosive proliferation of unstructured data across enterprises. Unstructured data, which includes emails, documents, images, audio, and video files, is now estimated to account for over 80% of all enterprise data. With the rise of digital transformation initiatives, organizations are generating and storing unprecedented volumes of unstructured information. This data is often dispersed across multiple locations and platforms, making it challenging to secure using traditional data security methods. The increasing complexity and volume of unstructured data have made it a prime target for cyber threats, data breaches, and insider attacks, compelling organizations to invest in robust unstructured data security solutions to safeguard sensitive information and ensure business continuity.
Another significant driver of market growth is the tightening regulatory landscape surrounding data privacy and protection. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and other regional data protection laws require organizations to implement stringent controls over the storage, access, and sharing of personal and sensitive data, much of which resides in unstructured formats. Non-compliance with these regulations can result in substantial financial penalties and reputational damage. As a result, enterprises across sectors such as BFSI, healthcare, and government are increasingly prioritizing investments in unstructured data security technologies that offer data discovery, classification, encryption, and compliance management capabilities. These solutions enable organizations to gain visibility into their data landscape, enforce policies, and demonstrate compliance with evolving regulatory requirements.
The rapid adoption of cloud computing and hybrid IT environments is also shaping the unstructured data security market’s trajectory. As organizations migrate workloads and data to the cloud, the traditional security perimeter is dissolving, introducing new vulnerabilities and complexities in managing unstructured data. Cloud-based collaboration tools, file-sharing applications, and remote work trends have further accelerated the dispersion of unstructured data beyond corporate firewalls. This paradigm shift necessitates the deployment of advanced security solutions that can provide end-to-end protection for unstructured data, regardless of its location or format. Cloud-native security tools with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities are gaining traction, enabling real-time threat detection, automated policy enforcement, and adaptive risk management for dynamic and distributed data environments.
From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the unstructured data security market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and the Asia Pacific. The presence of leading technology vendors, early adoption of advanced security solutions, and a mature regulatory environment are key factors contributing to North America’s leadership. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by rapid digitalization, increasing cyber threats, and growing awareness of data privacy among enterprises. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth as organizations in these regions ramp up investments in cybersecurity infrastructure and compliance initiatives to address emerging risks associated with unstructured data.
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Instance generation creates representative examples to interpret a learning model, as in regression and classification. For example, representative sentences of a topic of interest describe the topic specifically for sentence categorization. In such a situation, a large number of unlabeled observations may be available in addition to labeled data, for example, many unclassified text corpora (unlabeled instances) are available with only a few classified sentences (labeled instances). In this article, we introduce a novel generative method, called a coupled generator, producing instances given a specific learning outcome, based on indirect and direct generators. The indirect generator uses the inverse principle to yield the corresponding inverse probability, enabling to generate instances by leveraging an unlabeled data. The direct generator learns the distribution of an instance given its learning outcome. Then, the coupled generator seeks the best one from the indirect and direct generators, which is designed to enjoy the benefits of both and deliver higher generation accuracy. For sentence generation given a topic, we develop an embedding-based regression/classification in conjuncture with an unconditional recurrent neural network for the indirect generator, whereas a conditional recurrent neural network is natural for the corresponding direct generator. Moreover, we derive finite-sample generation error bounds for the indirect and direct generators to reveal the generative aspects of both methods thus explaining the benefits of the coupled generator. Finally, we apply the proposed methods to a real benchmark of abstract classification and demonstrate that the coupled generator composes reasonably good sentences from a dictionary to describe a specific topic of interest.
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This dataset contains a collection of financial documents in HTML format, categorized into five classes:
The dataset is designed for document classification, NLP, and financial analysis tasks. Researchers and data scientists can use it to develop models for automated financial document classification, information extraction, and text-based AI applications.
Dataset Structure The dataset is organized into five folders, each corresponding to a financial document type. Every folder contains multiple HTML files representing real-world financial reports.
Potential Applications - Financial document classification using machine learning models. - Natural Language Processing (NLP) for text extraction and analysis. - Automated financial reporting systems and AI-driven document processing. - Deep learning experiments on financial text data.
Let me know if you want any modifications or additional details! 🚀
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According to our latest research, the global unstructured data governance market size reached USD 3.2 billion in 2024, reflecting the rapid adoption of data governance solutions across organizations worldwide. The market is set to expand at a robust CAGR of 21.4% during the forecast period, with the total value projected to reach USD 22.1 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by escalating data volumes, increasing regulatory scrutiny, and the urgent need for enterprises to extract actionable insights from unstructured information sources.
The primary growth factor for the unstructured data governance market is the exponential surge in data generation driven by digital transformation initiatives, IoT proliferation, and the widespread adoption of cloud technologies. Organizations are inundated with vast amounts of unstructured data, such as emails, documents, images, videos, and social media content, which often remains untapped or poorly managed. As businesses recognize the strategic value of this data for decision-making, customer engagement, and innovation, the demand for robust governance frameworks and advanced analytical tools has intensified. Moreover, the shift toward hybrid and multi-cloud environments has made data management more complex, necessitating sophisticated governance solutions that can seamlessly handle unstructured data across disparate sources.
Another significant driver propelling the unstructured data governance market is the tightening regulatory landscape. Regulatory bodies worldwide, including GDPR in Europe, CCPA in California, and other data privacy laws, are imposing stringent requirements on data management, privacy, and security. Non-compliance can result in hefty fines, reputational damage, and legal liabilities. Consequently, organizations are prioritizing investments in governance solutions that ensure data lineage, classification, access controls, and auditability, specifically for unstructured data assets. Additionally, the rising frequency and sophistication of cyber threats have heightened awareness around data security, further fueling the adoption of governance frameworks that safeguard sensitive information and mitigate risks.
Technological advancements are also reshaping the unstructured data governance market landscape. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and natural language processing (NLP) are being integrated into governance solutions to automate data discovery, classification, and policy enforcement. These technologies enable organizations to efficiently manage massive volumes of unstructured data, identify sensitive information, and detect anomalies in real-time. Furthermore, the growing emphasis on data quality, integration, and interoperability across business units is driving the need for comprehensive governance platforms that provide holistic visibility and control. As digital ecosystems become more interconnected, the ability to govern unstructured data effectively is becoming a critical competitive differentiator.
From a regional perspective, North America currently leads the unstructured data governance market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. This dominance can be attributed to the presence of major technology vendors, early adoption of advanced data management solutions, and a mature regulatory environment. Europe follows closely, driven by strict data privacy regulations and increasing investments in digital infrastructure. The Asia Pacific region is poised for the fastest growth, fueled by rapid digitalization, expanding enterprise IT budgets, and the emergence of data-driven business models across various industries. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing gradual adoption, with market growth supported by government initiatives and increasing awareness of data governance benefits.
The unstructured data governance market is segmented by component into solutions and service
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Deep learning advancements have enabled non-destructive crack detection, yet it remains inadequate to quantitatively identify and evaluate the structural damage states leveraging deep learning with impact echo (IE). Therefore, the present study proposes a method to achieve this target on concrete structures, utilising Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and IE. During the experiments, a reinforced concrete beam was loaded to simulate various damage levels. The IE test was conducted on the pure bending zone of the beam, and the obtained data were transformed into two-dimensional (2D) time-frequency data for a six-state damage dataset. Subsequently, several CNNs were used for training, testing, and analysing their performance. The findings revealed the networks’ proficiency in distinguishing various degrees of damage. Among them, GoogLeNet emerged as the most accurate classifier. Further analysis indicated that GoogLeNet, trained with datasets from at least two monitoring units, significantly outperformed those trained using datasets from a single unit, achieving a remarkable F1 score of no less than 0.778. Additionally, the study compared 1D and 2D GoogLeNet models trained on different data formats. The results showed that the model trained on 2D time-frequency data can achieve a higher accuracy of 0.984, surpassing the 1D model trained on time-series data.
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By dbpedia_14 (From Huggingface) [source]
The DBpedia Ontology Classification Dataset, known as dbpedia_14, is a comprehensive and meticulously constructed dataset containing a vast collection of text samples. These samples have been expertly classified into 14 distinct and non-overlapping classes. The dataset draws its information from the highly reliable and up-to-date DBpedia 2014 knowledge base, ensuring the accuracy and relevance of the data.
Each text sample in this extensive dataset consists of various components that provide valuable insights into its content. These components include a title, which succinctly summarizes the main topic or subject matter of the text sample, and content that comprehensively covers all relevant information related to a specific topic.
To facilitate effective training of machine learning models for text classification tasks, each text sample is further associated with a corresponding label. This categorical label serves as an essential element for supervised learning algorithms to classify new instances accurately.
Furthermore, this exceptional dataset is part of the larger DBpedia Ontology Classification Dataset with 14 Classes (dbpedia_14). It offers numerous possibilities for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts alike to conduct in-depth analyses ranging from sentiment analysis to topic modeling.
Aspiring data scientists will find great value in utilizing this well-organized dataset for training their machine learning models. Although specific details about train.csv and test.csv files are not provided here due to their dynamic nature, they play pivotal roles during model training and testing processes by respectively providing labeled training samples and unseen test samples.
Lastly, it's worth mentioning that users can refer to the included classes.txt file within this dataset for an exhaustive list of all 14 classes used in classifying these diverse text samples accurately.
Overall, with its wealth of carefully curated textual data across multiple domains and precise class labels assigned based on well-defined categories derived from DBpedia 2014 knowledge base, the DBpedia Ontology Classification Dataset (dbpedia_14) proves instrumental in advancing research efforts related to natural language processing (NLP), text classification, and other related fields
- Text classification: The DBpedia Ontology Classification Dataset can be used to train machine learning models for text classification tasks. With 14 different classes, the dataset is suitable for various classification tasks such as sentiment analysis, topic classification, or intent detection.
- Ontology development: The dataset can also be used to improve or expand existing ontologies. By analyzing the text samples and their assigned labels, researchers can identify missing or incorrect relationships between concepts in the ontology and make improvements accordingly.
- Semantic search engine: The DBpedia knowledge base is widely used in semantic search engines that aim to provide more accurate and relevant search results by understanding the meaning of user queries and matching them with structured data. This dataset can help in training models for improving the performance of these semantic search engines by enhancing their ability to classify and categorize information accurately based on user queries
If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source
License: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication No Copyright - You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. See Other Information.
File: train.csv | Column name | Description | |:--------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | label | The class label assigned to each text sample. (Categorical) | | title | The heading or name given to each text sample, providing some context or overview of its content. (Text) |
File: test.csv | Column name | Description | |:--------------|:-----------------------...
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TwitterDataset for project: food-classification
Dataset Description
This dataset has been processed for project food-classification.
Languages
The BCP-47 code for the dataset's language is unk.
Dataset Structure
Data Instances
A sample from this dataset looks as follows: [ { "image": "<308x512 RGB PIL image>", "target": 0 }, { "image": "<512x512 RGB PIL image>", "target": 0 }]
Dataset Fields
The dataset has the… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/Kaludi/data-food-classification.
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As per our latest research, the global unstructured data management platform market size reached USD 12.7 billion in 2024, with a robust year-on-year expansion driven by the exponential growth of digital data. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 14.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 39.8 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth trajectory is primarily attributed to the increasing adoption of advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing technologies that necessitate sophisticated management of unstructured data across diverse industry verticals.
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According to our latest research, the global unstructured data classification market size reached USD 2.31 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across sectors. The market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 22.8% from 2025 to 2033, with the market size projected to reach USD 17.3 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by the exponential increase in unstructured data generation, alongside heightened requirements for data security, compliance, and intelligent information management solutions.
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Regionally, North America continues to dominate the unstructured data classification market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. The region’s leadership is attributed to the presence of major technology providers, advanced IT infrastructure, and high regulatory awareness. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth rate, driven by rapid digitalization, increasing cloud adoption, and expanding investments in data security initiatives. Europe also holds a substantial market share, bolstered by stringent data privacy regulations and a mature enterprise landscape. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually emerging as promising markets, supported by growing awareness and adoption of data management solutions.
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