This report summarizes the findings of the Consortium's third annual survey, which involved 25 colleges and more than 9,400 students. Participating colleges were responsible for sampling (based on a standardized procedure) and administering the survey in class. Completed questionnaires were then shipped to PRA Inc. for coding, data entry and analysis. The objectives of the research are to: provide national data on student access, time use and financing for Canadian college students from participating colleges; identify issues particular to certain learner groups or regions; and provide each institution with topline survey results (based on representative samples of their students), which may then be compared against the "national average". This dataset was freely received from the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Some work was required for the variable and value labels, and missing values. They were corrected as best as possible with the documentation received. Caution should be used with this dataset as some variables are lacking information.

The Canadian College Student Survey was conducted by the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation to provide data on student finances in Canada. The primary objective of the survey was to track the expenses and income of students on a monthly basis, in order to profile the financial circumstances of Canadian students and the adequacy of available funding. The survey will allow the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation to understand the financial circumstances of students who are in a post- secondary environment on an annual basis. This research is a joint effort of the Foundation, all participating colleges and the Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC). The survey collects data on college students' income, expenditures and use of time. The survey is unique in that it provides national-level information on the challenges Canadian college students face in terms of financial and access issues. The objectives of the research are to: provide national-level data on student access; time use and financing for Canadian college students from participating colleges; identify issues particular to certain learner groups and/or regions; and provide each institution with top-line survey results (based on representative samples of their students); which may then be compared against the "national average". In January 2003, the Foundation engaged Prairie Research Associates (PRA) Inc. to oversee this research. This dataset was freely received from the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Some work was required for the variable and value labels, and missing values. They were corrected as best as possible with the documentation received. Caution should be used with this dataset as some variables are lacking information. This dataset was freely received by the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Some work was required for the variable and value labels, and missing values. The y were corrected as best as possible with the documentation received. Caution should be used with this dataset as some variables are lacking documentation.

This statistic shows the average income of students in the Netherlands in 2017, by source (in euros). As of 2017, roughly *** euros of the students monthly average income came from their parents. Roughly *** euros, on the other hand, came from government loans.

The Canadian College Student Survey (the Consortium, CCSSC) includes the Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC), individual participating colleges and the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation (CMSF). Established in late 2001, the Consortium conducted its first survey of college students in the spring of 2002. Some 27 colleges participated in this year's survey; each of them tried to have 300 to 450 of their students complete the survey depending on the size of institution. Individual colleges administered the survey using a sampling strategy and field guide provided by Prairie Research Associates (PRA) Inc. Approximately 9,900 students completed the survey. This dataset was freely received from the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Some work was required for the variable and value labels, and missing values. They were corrected as best as possible with the documentation received. Caution should be used with this dataset as some variables are lacking information.

The global student loans market is projected to reach a valuation of approximately USD 2.5 trillion by 2033, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2025 to 2033.

The principal purposes of this national longitudinal study of the higher education system in the United States are to describe the characteristics of new college freshmen and to explore the effects of college on students. For each wave of this survey, each student completes a questionnaire during freshman orientation or registration that asks for information on academic skills and preparation, high school activities and experiences, educational and career plans, majors and careers, student values, and financing college. Other questions elicit demographic information, including sex, age, parental education and occupation, household income, race, religious preference, and state of birth. Specific questions asked of respondents in the 1982 survey pertained to PELL Grants and Guaranteed Student Loans (GSL), parents' status (full-time, part-time, lived stogether), whether students lived with their parents for more than two weeks of the year, whether students were listed as dependents on their parents' tax returns, and whether students received assistance worth $600 or more.

This data collection contains information from the first wave of High School and Beyond (HSB), a longitudinal study of American youth conducted by the National Opinion Research Center on behalf of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Data were collected from 58,270 high school students (28,240 seniors and 30,030 sophomores) and 1,015 secondary schools in the spring of 1980. Many items overlap with the NCES's NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE CLASS OF 1972 (ICPSR 8085). The HSB study's data are contained in eight files. Part 1 (School Data) contains data from questionnaires completed by high school principals about various school attributes and programs. Part 2 (Student Data) contains data from surveys administered to students. Included are questionnaire responses on family and religious background, perceptions of self and others, personal values, extracurricular activities, type of high school program, and educational expectations and aspirations. Also supplied are scores on a battery of cognitive tests including vocabulary, reading, mathematics, science, writing, civics, spatial orientation, and visualization. To gather the data in Part 3 (Parent Data), a subsample of the seniors and sophomores surveyed in HSB was drawn, and questionnaires were administered to one parent of each of 3,367 sophomores and of 3,197 seniors. The questionnaires contain a number of items in common with the student questionnaires, and there are a number of items in common between the parent-of-sophomore and the parent-of-senior questionnaires. This is a revised file from the one originally released in Autumn 1981, and it includes 22 new analytically constructed variables imputed by NCES from the original survey data gathered from parents. The new data are concerned primarily with the areas of family income, liabilities, and assets. Other data in the file concentrate on financing of post-secondary education, including numerous parent opinions and projections concerning the educational future of the student, anticipated financial aid, student's plans after high school, expected ages for student's marriage and childbearing, estimated costs of post-secondary education, and government financial aid policies. Also supplied are data on family size, value of property and other assets, home financing, family income and debts, and the age, sex, marital, and employment status of parents, plus current income and expenses for the student. Part 4 (Language Data) provides information on each student who reported some non-English language experience, with data on past and current exposure to and use of languages. In Parts 5-6, there are responses from 14,103 teachers about 18,291 senior and sophomore students from 616 schools. Students were evaluated by an average of four different teachers who had the opportunity to express knowledge or opinions of HSB students whom they had taught during the 1979-1980 school year. Part 5 (Teacher Comment Data: Seniors) contains 67,053 records, and Part 6 (Teacher Comment Data: Sophomores) co ntains 76,560 records. Questions were asked regarding the teacher's opinions of their student's likelihood of attending college, popularity, and physical or emotional handicaps affecting school work. The sophomore file also contains questions on teacher characteristics, e.g., sex, ethnic origin, subjects taught, and time devoted to maintaining order. The data in Part 7 (Twins and Siblings Data) are from students in the HSB sample identified as twins, triplets, or other siblings. Of the 1,348 families included, 524 had twins or triplets only, 810 contained non-twin siblings only, and the remaining 14 contained both types of siblings. Finally, Part 8 (Friends Data) contained the first-, second-, and third-choice friends listed by each of the students in Part 2, along with identifying information allowing links between friendship pairs.

Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Education data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.914 USD mn in 2018 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positionsTreatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to a partial application of the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are covered. Non-profit institutions serving households are not covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward and outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise/direct investor. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Education data was reported at -3.282 USD mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.083 USD mn for 2022. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 2.735 USD mn from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2023, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.083 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of -3.282 USD mn in 2023. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Abstract

Private schools that rely entirely on student fees for financing are increasingly popular in many low-income countries and parents often prefer these schools to government-run ones. In Pakistan, children in these schools tend to outperform students in government-run schools. But financial constraints can limit the growth of these private schools, whose fees are set low to attract poor students, especially if they cannot access formal credit markets. Researchers from Pomona College, Harvard University and the World Bank have designed an impact evaluation to study private financing models - grants and loans - to support private schools in Pakistan.

The intervention centered on two financing approaches: a grant model and microloans. The program included a pilot microloan intervention to allow researchers to better develop and target loan products. This randomized control trial covered about 2,000 schools in about 650 villages across two districts in Punjab, Pakistan's most populous province.

Baseline, midline and endline surveys were conducted at both school and individual level. Within each survey, there were specific sections aimed to collect information from different perspectives. Thus, the survey initially included sections to be answered by the school owner, head teacher, class teacher, children, and operational head of the school. However, during the implementation process some changes were made in consultation with the World Bank's Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund (SIEF) and other parties involved. As a result, the final evaluation (or the endline survey) for this project shifted its focus to more specific objectives, concentrating on certain sections of initial surveys but also including additional components that would serve to the development of other projects.

The replication files for the associated American Economic Review (AER) Journal publication - Upping the Ante: The Equilibrium Effects of Unconditional Grants to Private Schools ("https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20180924") are documented here for public use.

Geographic coverage

Rural areas of the district of Faisalabad in Punjab province.

Analysis unit

• schools
• individuals

Universe

The target population is low-cost private schools in rural areas of Faisalabad district. Sampling is at the village level, so urban, and peri-urban villages are excluded. Furthermore, for the design of the intervention, villages without any private schools, or with only one private school, are excluded. Villages with population over 10,000 or high village aggregated revenue are also excluded.

Government schools, and schools where money is not contained within the school itself (i.e. some network schools share money across multiple schools in the network), are also excluded.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

All eligible schools that consented to participate across the 266 villages are included in the final randomization sample for the study. This includes 822 private and 33 NGO schools, for a total of 855 schools; there were 25 eligible schools (about 3 percent) that refused to participate in either the ballot or the surveys. The reasons for refusals were: impending school closure, lack of trust, survey burden, etc. Appendix Figure A1 of the Online Appendix (https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=13118) summarizes the number of villages and schools in each experimental group.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Village Listing: This survey collects identifying data such as school names and contact numbers for all public and private schools in our sampling frame.

School Survey Long: This survey is administered twice, once at baseline in summer 2012 and again after treatment in the first follow-up round in May 2013. It contains two modules: the first module collects detailed information on school characteristics, operations and priorities; and the second module collects household and financial information from school owners. The preferred respondent for the first module is the operational head of the school, i.e. the individual managing day-to-day operations; if this individual was absent the day of the survey, either the school owner, the principal or the head teacher could complete the survey. For the second module, the preferred respondent was either the legal owner or the financial decision-maker of the school. In practice, the positions of operational head or school owner are often filled by the same individual.

School Survey Short: This survey is administered quarterly between October 2013 and December 2014, for a total of four rounds of data. Unlike the long school survey, this survey focuses on our key outcome variables: enrollment, fees, revenues and costs. The preferred respondent is the operational head of the school, followed by the school owner or the head teacher. Please consult Appendix Figure A3 of the Online Appendix (https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=13118) to see the availability of outcomes across rounds.

Child Tests and Questionnaire: We test and collect data from children in our sample schools twice, once at baseline and once after treatment in follow-up round 3. Tests in Urdu, English and Mathematics are administered in both rounds; these tests were previously used and validated for the LEAPS project (Andrabi et al., 2002). Baseline child tests are only administered to a randomly selected half of the sample (426 schools) in November 2012. Testing is completed in 408 schools for over 5000 children, primarily in grade 4. If a school had zero enrollment in grade 4 however, then the preference ordering of grades to test was grade 3, 5, and then 6. A follow-up round of testing was conducted for the full sample in January 2014. We tested two grades between 3 and 6 at each school to ensure that zero enrollment in any one grade still provided us with some test scores from every school. From a roster of 20,201 enrolled children in this round, we tested 18,376 children (the rest were absent). For children tested at baseline, we test them again in whichever grade they are in as long as they were enrolled at the same school. We also test any new children that join the baseline test cohort. In the follow-up round, children also complete a short survey, which collects family and household information (assets, parental education, etc.), information on study habits, and self-reports on school enrollment.

Teacher Rosters: This survey collects teacher roster information from all teachers at a school. Data include variables such as teacher qualifications, salary, residence, tenure at school and in the profession. It was administered thrice during the project period, bundled with other surveys. The first collection was combined with baseline child testing in November 2012, and hence data was collected from only half of the sample. Two follow-up rounds with the full sample took place in May 2013 (round 1) and November 2014 (round 5).

Investment Plans: These data are collected once from the treatment schools as part of the disbursement activities during September-December 2012. The plans required school owners to write down their planned investments and the expected increase in revenues from these investments— whether through increases in enrollment or fees. School owners also submitted a desired disbursement schedule for the funds based on the timing of their investments.

Re-interview of high school students after ca. 15 years on data on the course of private and occupational life as well as questions on attitudes.

Topics: conclusion of education; contacts with former students; detailed information on school and occupational training as well as activities after leaving high school; type of entitlement to university admission and average grade in high school graduation; reasons for not attending college; questions on sequence of college and vocational training; interest in other training occupations and additional vocational training; desired studies; college goal; planned activity instead of college; identity of original studies desired and actual studies; preferred subjects; conclusion or discontinuation of studies; attitude to studies; change of major; detailed information about preliminary examinations, intermediate examinations and final examinations and information on points in time; sources of income or financing of studies; employment alongside studies and influence of this activity on duration of studies; usable experiences for studies and later occupational career from activities during studies; connection between main focus of studies and first occupational activity; year of first full-time employment; detailed information about occupational development; activity description and changes as well as length of time and area of business of first jobs; occupational position and time worked each week; income changes between start and end of the job; reasons for change of position; satisfaction with occupational development and expected development of one´s own occupational position in the next few years; satisfaction with education up to now; interest in employment; assumed point in time for start of employment; preferred occupation; participation in measures for occupational further education; detailed information about form and content of these courses; judgement on these measures for further education for occupational career; detailed determination of occupational training examinations and final examinations according to topics and point in time as well as grades; detailed information on social origins; occupation of father or substitute father; year of death of father or mother; living together or separation of parents; financial support of parents for personal livelihood; year of setting up one´s own household and members or size of this household; detailed information on partnership relationship; marriage intent; type and length of partnership; attitude to a church wedding; occupation and income of partner; social origins of partner; age difference with partner; number of children; age and sex of children; responsibility for child care; desired number of children; questions on raising children and education style; education aspiration; importance of family; attitude to age; self-classification as young person or adult; judgement on prior course of life and biographical wrong decisions; significant events in life; identification with groups and movements; attribution of occupational success in general as well as relative to oneself; assessment of social class; the meaning of life; importance of areas of life; general private and occupational satisfaction.

Perceived equality of educational chances and general equal opportunities in the Federal Republic; attitude to environment, achievement and work; postmaterialism index; political interest; election biography since 1972; party preference of parents in youth of respondent; participation in demonstrations; and change of religious denomination.

Demography: date of birth; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; housing conditions and possession of a telephone; consent of respondent to a later re-interview.

Interviewer rating: number of contact attempts; presence of third persons during interview and their influence on the conversation; judgement on reliability of responses; length of interview and date of interview.

Also encoded was: identification of interviewer.

The Canadian College Student Survey was conducted by the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation to provide data on student finances in Canada. The primary objective of the survey was to track the expenses and income of students on a monthly basis, in order to profile the financial circumstances of Canadian students and the adequacy of available funding. The survey will allow the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation to understand the financial circumstances of students who are in a post- secondary environment on an annual basis. This research is a joint effort of the Foundation, all participating colleges and the Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC). The survey collects data on college students' income, expenditures and use of time. The survey is unique in that it provides national-level information on the challenges Canadian college students face in terms of financial and access issues. The objectives of the research are to: provide national-level data on student access; time use and financing for Canadian college students from participating colleges; identify issues particular to certain learner groups and/or regions; and provide each institution with top-line survey results (based on representative samples of their students); which may then be compared against the "national average".The Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation commissioned R.A. Malatest and Associates Ltd. to conduct a comprehensive survey that provided national-level data concerning college students’ income, expenditures, levels of debt/perceptions of debt, and use of time. The 2002 Canadian College Student Survey Project was administered in March and April of 2002 in 16 colleges (representing 93,175 students). The maximum variation of the results of this survey is estimated to be ±1.2% (at a 95% confidence level). This dataset was freely received from the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Some work was required for the variable and value labels, and missing values. They were corrected as best as possible with the documentation received. Caution should be used with this dataset as some variables are lacking information.

LT: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Education data was reported at 0.865 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.047 USD mn for 2022. LT: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.601 USD mn in 2017 and a record low of -0.047 USD mn in 2022. LT: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Lithuania – Table LT.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market and Nominal values. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Lithuania LT: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data was reported at 0.800 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.040 EUR mn for 2022. Lithuania LT: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.420 EUR mn in 2017 and a record low of -0.040 EUR mn in 2022. Lithuania LT: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Lithuania – Table LT.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market and Nominal values. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Luxembourg LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Education data was reported at 0.000 EUR mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 EUR mn for 2022. Luxembourg LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 EUR mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in 2023. Luxembourg LU: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value, Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data was reported at 1.016 USD mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.927 USD mn for 2021. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging -6.342 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.016 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of -19.442 USD mn in 2018. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

This is a special microdata file containing selected asset, debt and housing information for economic family units as collected in the 1984 Survey of Consumer Finances. Earlier surveys on family assets and debts were conducted in 1956, 1959, 1964, 1970 and 1977. The results of these surveys are published in Catalogue Numbers 13-508, 13-514, 13-525, 13-547 and 13-572 respectively, and differences in concepts and survey coverage are available by consulting these reports. The reference year for this file is 1983. Commencing with the 1998 microdata files, annual cross-sectional income data will be sourced from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Education data was reported at -19.542 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -29.919 USD mn for 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.294 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.520 USD mn in 2015 and a record low of -29.919 USD mn in 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data was reported at -0.024 CZK mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -11.179 CZK mn for 2021. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 CZK mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 CZK mn in 2019 and a record low of -11.179 CZK mn in 2021. Czech Republic CZ: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is not applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDi transactions and positions. Such cases have never been observed. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.