Text source: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/hsgfin/addi.html In recognition of the fact that a lack of savings is the most significant barrier to homeownership for most low-income families1, Congress passed the American Dream Downpayment Act of 2003, which established the American Dream Downpayment Initiative (ADDI). The ADDI program was designed to provide assistance with downpayments, closing costs, and, if necessary, rehabilitation work done in conjunction with a home purchase. This formula-based program disburses assistance through a network of Participating Jurisdictions (PJs) in all 50 states and affords them significant flexibility in designing homebuyer programs to meet the needs of their communities. Established as part of the HOME program,2 ADDI is a prime example of direct federal assistance to promote low-income homeownership. In recent years there have been growing concerns that many new low-income homeowners have had difficulty maintaining homeownership.3 To address these concerns in the context of the ADDI program, the Fiscal Year 2006 U.S. Senate Report on the Transportation, Treasury and HUD Appropriations Bill directed the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to report on the foreclosure and delinquency rate of households who received downpayment assistance through ADDI.4 This report has been developed in response to this congressional mandate. Due to the limited program history of ADDI, and since HOME-assisted homebuyers are quite similar to those assisted by the ADDI, this study jointly estimates annual foreclosure and delinquency rates for both HOME- and ADDI-assisted borrowers who purchased homes during the period from 2001 through 2005.5 While all HOME/ADDI-assisted borrowers were included in the analysis, in order to have the results be representative of the ADDI program, the sample of PJs was limited to those that were eligible for an allocation of ADDI funds in 2004, the year in which the largest number of PJs were eligible. The primary objective of the study, which addresses the congressional inquiry, is to provide an estimate of the foreclosure and delinquency rates among HOME/ADDI-assisted homebuyers. HUD was also interested in an analysis of the reasons behind these outcomes. Thus, a secondary objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with variations in delinquency and default rates. 1 See, for example, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Barriers to Minority Homeownership, July 17, 2002, and Herbert et al., Homeownership Gaps Among Low-Income and Minority Borrowers and Neighborhoods, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, March 2005. 2 Created under Title II of the National Affordable Housing Act of 1990, the HOME program is designed to provide affordable housing to low-income households, expand the capacity of nonprofit housing providers, and strengthen the ability of state and local governments to develop and implement affordable housing strate-gies tailored to local needs and priorities. 3 See, for example, Dean Baker, "Who's Dreaming?: Homeownership Among Low-Income Families," Center for Eco-nomic and Policy Research, Washington, DC, January 2005. 4 Throughout our discussion the terms "default" and "foreclosure" are used to refer to the same outcome where homeowners lose their home in foreclosure. 5 Foreclosure and delinquency rates for 2000 are not included here as the data was not consistent enough to produce valid estimations. This report is based in part on surveys of participating jurisdictions.

According to a survey conducted among ***** adults in the United Kingdom (UK), in December 2023, the majority of respondents found the affordability of mortgage repayments the biggest barrier to a property purchase. Between 2021 and 2023, the share of respondents who chose mortgage affordability as the main challenge rose ** percent to ** percent. This was due to the dramatic increase in house prices since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic and the mortgage rates hike in 2022.

In a survey conducted among non-mortgage holders in New Zealand in July 2024, around 55 percent of respondents stated that the primary barrier to them climbing the property ladder was not having a large enough deposit to purchase a property. Financial capacity was also a key challenge, with around 37 percent of those surveyed citing not being able to meet loan repayments as a concern.

The number of U.S. home sales in the United States declined in 2024, after soaring in 2021. A total of four million transactions of existing homes, including single-family, condo, and co-ops, were completed in 2024, down from 6.12 million in 2021. According to the forecast, the housing market is forecast to head for recovery in 2025, despite transaction volumes expected to remain below the long-term average. Why have home sales declined? The housing boom during the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated that being a homeowner is still an integral part of the American dream. Nevertheless, sentiment declined in the second half of 2022 and Americans across all generations agreed that the time was not right to buy a home. A combination of factors has led to house prices rocketing and making homeownership unaffordable for the average buyer. A survey among owners and renters found that the high home prices and unfavorable economic conditions were the two main barriers to making a home purchase. People who would like to purchase their own home need to save up a deposit, have a good credit score, and a steady and sufficient income to be approved for a mortgage. In 2022, mortgage rates experienced the most aggressive increase in history, making the total cost of homeownership substantially higher. Are U.S. home prices expected to fall? The median sales price of existing homes stood at 413,000 U.S. dollars in 2024 and was forecast to increase slightly until 2026. The development of the S&P/Case Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index shows that home prices experienced seven consecutive months of decline between June 2022 and January 2023, but this trend reversed in the following months. Despite mild fluctuations throughout the year, home prices in many metros are forecast to continue to grow, albeit at a much slower rate.

About 36 percent of homeowners in England were aged 65 and above, which contrasts sharply with younger age groups, particularly those under 35. Young adults between 25 and 35, made up 15 percent of homeowners and had a dramatically lower homeownership rate. The disparity highlights the growing challenges faced by younger generations in entering the property market, a trend that has significant implications for wealth distribution and social mobility. Barriers to homeownership for young adults The path to homeownership has become increasingly difficult for young adults in the UK. A 2023 survey revealed that mortgage affordability was the greatest obstacle to property purchase. This represents a 39 percent increase from 2021, reflecting the impact of rising house prices and mortgage rates. Despite these challenges, one in three young adults still aspire to get on the property ladder as soon as possible, though many have put their plans on hold. The need for additional financial support from family, friends, and lenders has become more prevalent, with one in five young adults acknowledging this necessity. Regional disparities and housing supply The housing market in England faces regional challenges, with North West England and the West Midlands experiencing the largest mismatch between housing supply and demand in 2023. This imbalance is evident in the discrepancy between new homes added to the housing stock and the number of new households formed. London, despite showing signs of housing shortage, has seen the largest difference between homes built and households formed. The construction of new homes has been volatile, with a significant drop in 2020, a rebound in 2021 and a gradual decline until 2024.

Disability, Independence and Dependency Situations Survey: Households according to the number of people with disabilities or limitations and the existence of barriers in access to the home or in the home itself. National.

The City partnered with Burke, Inc. and The Voice of Your Costumer research and marketing firms to conduct a statistically significant survey of over 1,000 residents, including 500 Black/ African American residents to understand barriers around reaching financial freedom. The survey insights uncovered racial disparities around job mobility, housing (rental and homeownership), debt and consumer protection, banking and financial access, and financial planning and coaching.

The number *** challenge preventing American Gen Zers from buying a home was their income, a survey conducted in December 2022 among 2,000 adults born between 1997 and 2003 finds. About *********** of the respondents shared this concern, followed by ** percent who pointed out home prices. Conversely, the interest rates were the least of Gen Zers' concerns, with only *** percent choosing this answer.

Background: China is continuing to witness rising numbers of migrants (e.g., individuals migrating from rural tourban areas), and alongside this are the social restrictions and institutional barriers migrants face. Such restrictions and barriers are a consequence of the long-standing urban-rural dualist system and can create a sense ofrelative deprivation among migrants—that is, dissatisfaction when migrants perceive they are at a disadvantagecompared with local residents of an area.Objective and method: Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, the current study used data from the 2017 ChineseGeneral Social Survey (N = 1849) to explore the mechanism through which migrants’ home ownership or nonownership in the migration process affects their sense of relative deprivation. To do so, a ranked regression andparallel multiple mediation model were developed. Additionally, a heterogeneity analysis was conducted toaccount for the region in which migrants lived and their age.Results: The results revealed that home ownership significantly reduced migrants’ relative deprivation. Moreover,the perception of economic and symbolic capital was found to play a role in the effects of wealth and class,respectively. From the heterogeneity analysis, the direct and mediated effects of housing attributes on migrants’relative deprivation were more significant for migrants in the eastern versus central and western regions ofChina, as well as among new-versus older-generation migrants.Conclusion: To improve the feasibility of home ownership among migrants and, thus, alleviate their relativedeprivation in the inflow area, relevant policies (e.g., improving the housing system pathway) should bedeveloped and implemented.

Access to safe sanitation facilities remains a critical public health concern, especially in rapidly urbanizing countries like Ghana. This study investigates the determinants of household toilet ownership among property owners in three urban districts in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 1,256 property owners selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that toilet ownership is significantly associated with the age and education level of property owners, community classification, building characteristics, and household income. Older property owners were more likely to own toilets (OR = 1.014 per year increase), as were those with higher education levels (OR = 1.752 for secondary, OR = 4.489 for tertiary education). Medium-class communities (OR = 2.013) completed buildings (OR = 2.625), and those constructed with sandcrete (OR = 12.755) were more likely to have toilets. Higher household income (OR = 1.00) correlated positively with toilet ownership. We conclude that enforcing building regulations requiring toilet facilities in all properties is crucial for improving sanitation in urban Ghana. Additionally, innovative sanitation financing interventions that subsidize the costs of sanitation facilities can be effective in addressing financial barriers and increasing household toilet ownership.

This statistic shows the main obstacles to improving housing access for low-income families according to mayor in the United States in 2017. In that survey, 50 percent of respondents said that the lack of state or federal funds was the biggest obstacle to improving housing access for low-income families.

Summary statistics of household’s income and expenditure.

According to a survey among consumers in Malaysia on property ownership, as of June 2023, ** of respondents said the biggest challenge to purchase a property was high property price. Another ** percent of respondents stated that their main reason not to buy a house was the interest rate.

During the week of May 12th, 2025 members of the Keex’ Kwáan Community Forest Partnership (KKCFP), Southeast Alaska Watershed Coalition (SAWC), and US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) surveyed 54 road stream intersections to assist in Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) project identification across private lands on Kupreanof Island. Of the 54 surveys conducted, 49 were at culverts, four at fords (water bars), and one at a bridge. These surveys spanned several land ownership areas: 41 on Kake Tribal Corporation property, eight on Sealaska Corporation land, two in the City of Kake, and three across U.S. Forest Service lands. This map intends to dynamically display data collection from the survey effort, with attached photos and attribute data included.

The 2019 PDB housing unit statistics from the 2010 Census and the 2013-2017 5-year ACS. Data are available at both the tract and block group levels. ACS self-response rates are on the PDB for the first time. The 2019 PDB also contains a one-time segmentation profile statistic from the Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey.For more information on the segmentation profile statistic, please refer to the 2020 Census Predictive Models and Audience Segmentation Report.

Abstract

The original State Broadband Initiative (SBI) was a part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), which is more commonly referred to as the Stimulus. The SBI's goal was to create a comprehensive broadband map that covered every state and territory in the United States. The uses of the map are manifold: as a tool for consumers, a centralized compilation of information for the federal and state governments to use in matters of regulation and public policy, and as a trove of data for think tanks and research institutions.

In addition to the mapping aspect of the SBI, there was also a planning component. The goal of the planning sect ion was to create a comprehensive plan to understand the extent of broadband usage and ownership, barriers to adoption, and to create a plan to overcome these barriers and to boost broadband usage through work with nonprofits, local governmental agencies, and public policy advocacy.

For the initial survey in 2011, One Global Economy was selected by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Department of Commerce to fulfill the broadband mapping grant that was awarded to them by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). One Global Economy is a global nonprofit community development organization whose goal it is to help low-income people gain greater access to and utility from broadband Internet connect ions.

One Global Economy's final deliverable was a comprehensive report that will assess the current state of broadband in CNMI by determining how fast the connect ions are, what proportion of the population has access to broadband, what proportion of the population subscribes to broadband; identifying the most common barriers to broadband adoption and use; and creating a blueprint towards greater broadband usage wit h recommendations for the local governments of the three most populated islands: Saipan, Rota, and Tinian, the federal government, local NGOs, local Internet service providers, and the people of CNMI.

The first step in this process was to draw upon the information and maps that the local telecom providers had to share with the entities undertaking the mapping project. These maps showed the approximate reach of where each telecom can offer service, what the maximum advertised upload and download speeds are, and what type of service they offer-DSL or cable, for example. These maps gave us a rough lay of the land and provided us with a good jumping off point for further research.

Using these maps information as a starting point, and drawing upon the knowledge of a local liaison, we were able to hold a series of 14 community meetings and focus groups. The main purpose of these meetings was to help us customize the NTIA's community broadband survey to make it locally relevant, culturally sensitive, and provide us with more detail about the experience of going online for the people of CNMI. For instance, knowing that many young people in CNMI get online at the Mobil Station in Garapan helps get a better understanding of the role of unsecured wireless networks in public places in the online ecosystem of Saipan.

-- Except from 2014 CNMI Broadband Survey Report, Page(s) 1 - 2 -- See Attached.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

The 2014 Broadband Survey was developed to see change from 2011. Most of the questionnaire was the same as the previous one. However, because the CNMI had not had a labor force survey since the 2010 census, CSD decided to add additional variables to assess the current labor force situation. And, in order to obtain sufficient households for labor force participation and unemployment, the sample size was about 4 times as large as the 2011 sample. Also, since the 2011 questionnaire took up many pages, slowing coding and keying, the questionnaire was tightened both for easy of collection, coding and keying, and also to have it conform to regular CSD convent ions in questionnaire design.

Hence, the front page contained the geographic identifiers. Then the roster of household members included all members, their relationship to the head, sex, age, educational attainment, and labor force participation. After that, the person selected for the broadband quest ions followed on the backside of the questionnaire. Only one person was selected for the broadband items.

As in 2011, all residents of CNMI inhabit the three southern islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. The northern islands were once inhabited but have been evacuated due to seismic and volcanic activity (although recently a few people have returned to at least one of them). In 2014, 1,542 surveys were conducted in total, 1,184 with residents of Saipan, 154 with residents of Tinian, and 204 with residents of Rota. Within these unit s, Saipan had 3,707 people, Tinian had 547, and Rota had 589.

Analysis unit

• Household Unit -- Labor Force Information
• Person Unit -- Internet Access Knowledge

Universe

Sample Survey of Occupied Households based on the 2014 Mapping Project.

As in 2011, all residents of CNMI inhabit the three southern islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. The northern islands were once inhabited but have been evacuated due to seismic and volcanic activity (although recently a few people have returned to at least one of them). In 2014, 1,542 surveys were conducted in total, 1,184 with residents of Saipan, 154 with residents of Tinian, and 204 with residents of Rota. Within these unit s, Saipan had 3,707 people, Tinian had 547, and Rota had 589.

Household Definition - [Insert Here]

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In 2011, One Global Economy created a survey aimed at understanding factors that influenced broadband access and use based on community input from a series of town hall meetings conducted in local areas throughout the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). One Global Economy contracted with JSB Consulting, a locally based survey firm to carry out the survey. JSB Consulting collected the data using recruited enumerators. These local surveyors conducted the surveys in person, in respondents' homes, by asking respondents quest ions in the respondents' preferred language.

Respondents were selected to be representative of the population of CNMI, which consists of three main islands: Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. JSB Consulting (JSBC), as required under its contract with One Global Economy, selected a total of 867 Household (respondents) on Saipan, 100 on Tinian, and 100 on Rota, for grand total of 1,067 respondents. Although the task order under the contract calls for 1000 respondents, JSBC selected and additional 67 household (respondents) for Saipan to ensure that all areas on the island of Saipan are covered/represented. Selected sample dwellings that appeared vacant (upon survey period) were substituted with another occupied dwelling unit from the listing.

On the island of Saipan, a stratified sampling approach ensured that respondents proportionally represented the geographic distribution of the island's population. JSBC drew the samples by using the geographic boundaries assignments areas (AAs) and the block numbers within the AAs. The AAs and block numbers are the geographic numbers assigned by the U.S. Census Bureau and used in Censuses and Survey operations in the CNMI.

The Central Statistics Division has retained and maintained the same geographic structure since its inception. On Saipan a total of 328 assignment areas (AAs) out of 497 AAs were drawn. From these selected AAs, JSBC then randomly selected specific dwelling unit s in accordance with the population of those AAs. More dwelling units were drawn from AAs with larger populations, and fewer were drawn from those with smaller populations. Once a dwelling unit was drawn, it was then assigned to the field staff for enumeration.

On Rota and Tinian where only 100 sample subjects on each island were needed, the collect ions methodology was a straight forward random sample. Since each island has only a little over 600 hundred dwelling units, approximately 1 out of every 6 dwelling units was selected for inclusion in the sample. Tinian and Rota each have only two main villages; on each island, 50 respondents from these main villages were selected for the sample. The collection method used was the "keep right" approach, using the AA and block maps. The "Keep Right" approach is one is working on a block (the smallest geographic unit in data collection boundary) the enumerator/survey takers keep themselves on the right side of the road/boundary from any designated starting point. This prevents any selected house from being missed or going out of the designated boundary. This approach was used to ensure that the field staff does not cross over a certain boundary to cause a problem or any confusion in the process.

With each survey, surveyors noted the location of the respondent's dwelling according to the designated geographic areas. While respondents were also asked to say where they lived, this official designation allowed for more uniform aggregation of the data according to legal boundaries.

The enumerators collected the data at the selected housing units. Coders then coded certain items, and CSD office staff entered the data. For 2011, One Global Economy analyzed the data using SPSS, performing logistic and linear multivariate regression analyses, bivariate correlations, and cross-tabulations to better understand the patterns in the data and the relationships between key variables. Cross-tabulations and bivariate correlations showed the overall distribution of the population in relation to certain factors, and also the general relationship between different

This statistic shows the main obstacles to improving housing access for residents who are elderly or disabled according to mayors in the United States in 2017. In that survey, ** percent of respondents said that the biggest obstacle to improving access to housing for elderly/disabled residents was the lack of state or federal funds.

Cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis of respondent’s demographic characteristics.

Comparison of models using screening questionnaire and EHR data in predicting need for health-related social service within 30 days of emergency department visit stratified by self-reported race and ethnicity.

Financial cost was the major obstacle preventing homeowners in the United Kingdom (UK) from improving the energy sustainability of their primary property, a survey conducted in the second quarter of 2023 found. About ** percent of the ***** homeowners surveyed were not planning to renovate their home in the next 10 years. The majority of them, about ** percent, cited the costs as the main reason. Additionally, ** percent feared the disruption that the renovation works would cause.