description: Minnesota's original public land survey plat maps were created between 1848 and 1907 during the first government land survey of the state by the U.S. Surveyor General's Office. This collection of more than 3,600 maps includes later General Land Office (GLO) and Bureau of Land Management maps up through 2001. Scanned images of the maps are available in several digital formats and most have been georeferenced. The survey plat maps, and the accompanying survey field notes, serve as the fundamental legal records for real estate in Minnesota; all property titles and descriptions stem from them. They also are an essential resource for surveyors and provide a record of the state's physical geography prior to European settlement. Finally, they testify to many years of hard work by the surveying community, often under very challenging conditions. The deteriorating physical condition of the older maps (drawn on paper, linen, and other similar materials) and the need to provide wider public access to the maps, made handling the original records increasingly impractical. To meet this challenge, the Office of the Secretary of State (SOS), the State Archives of the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS), the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), MnGeo (formerly the Land Management Information Center - LMIC) and the Minnesota Association of County Surveyors collaborated in a digitization project which produced high quality (800 dpi), 24-bit color images of the maps in standard TIFF, JPEG and PDF formats - nearly 1.5 terabytes of data. Funding was provided by MnDOT. In 2010-11, most of the JPEG plat map images were georeferenced. The intent was to locate the plat images to coincide with statewide geographic data without appreciably altering (warping) the image. This increases the value of the images in mapping software where they can be used as a background layer.; abstract: Minnesota's original public land survey plat maps were created between 1848 and 1907 during the first government land survey of the state by the U.S. Surveyor General's Office. This collection of more than 3,600 maps includes later General Land Office (GLO) and Bureau of Land Management maps up through 2001. Scanned images of the maps are available in several digital formats and most have been georeferenced. The survey plat maps, and the accompanying survey field notes, serve as the fundamental legal records for real estate in Minnesota; all property titles and descriptions stem from them. They also are an essential resource for surveyors and provide a record of the state's physical geography prior to European settlement. Finally, they testify to many years of hard work by the surveying community, often under very challenging conditions. The deteriorating physical condition of the older maps (drawn on paper, linen, and other similar materials) and the need to provide wider public access to the maps, made handling the original records increasingly impractical. To meet this challenge, the Office of the Secretary of State (SOS), the State Archives of the Minnesota Historical Society (MHS), the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), MnGeo (formerly the Land Management Information Center - LMIC) and the Minnesota Association of County Surveyors collaborated in a digitization project which produced high quality (800 dpi), 24-bit color images of the maps in standard TIFF, JPEG and PDF formats - nearly 1.5 terabytes of data. Funding was provided by MnDOT. In 2010-11, most of the JPEG plat map images were georeferenced. The intent was to locate the plat images to coincide with statewide geographic data without appreciably altering (warping) the image. This increases the value of the images in mapping software where they can be used as a background layer.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) collaborated on the creation of the global land datasets using Landsat data from 1972 through 2008. NASA and the USGS have again partnered to develop the Global Land Survey 2010 (GLS2010), a new global land data set with core acquisition dates of 2008-2011. This dataset consists of both Landsat TM and ETM+ images that meet quality and cloud cover standards established by the earlier GLS collections. Data acquired in 2011 were used to fill areas of low image quality or excessive cloud cover.

A spatial to locations depicted in the Surveyor-General's maps

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The Surveying and Mapping Services industry in Canada has weathered uncertain conditions as downstream industries including residential, commercial, industrial construction and government authorities, fared with volatility brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. The industry's performance is largely tied to developments in residential and nonresidential construction markets, which fuel both private- and public-sector spending.As Canadian oil, gas and mining companies cut back spending on exploration and development projects in response to falling commodity prices, and construction stalled in resource-rich provinces, demand for surveying and mapping services for these projects fell. While growth from the residential construction market helped offset some losses, rising interest intended to offset rising inflation have hampered residential demand. Thus, even as energy prices came roaring back, many surveyors saw a reduction in demand. Over the five years to 2023, industry revenue has been contracting at a CAGR of 1.7% and is expected to reach $1.7 billion, including an expected drop of 3.2% over the current year.The return to growth of downstream construction markets will likely keep industry demand afloat moving forward. In addition to solid demand from industrial building construction as commodity prices remain high, housing market expansion will stimulate demand for cadastral, property line and construction surveying. The continued adoption of new technology will also enable companies to realize new efficiencies and improve the quality of their services, expanding sizable profit margins further. Industry revenue is forecast to rise at a CAGR of 1.2% to $1.8 billion over the five years to 2028.

DOUGLAS COUNTY SURVEY/GISGIS PARCEL MAPPING GUIDELINES FOR PARCEL DISCREPANCIESIt is the intent of the Douglas County GIS Parcel Mapping to accurately identify the areas of land parcels to be valued and taxed 1. Discrepancies in areas• The Auditor/Assessor (tax) acreage areas started with the original US General Land Office (GLO) township plat maps created from the Public Land Survey (PLS) that was done between 1858 and 1871. The recovery of the PLS corners and the accurate location of these corners with GPS obtained coordinates has allowed for accurate section subdivisions, which results in accurate areas for parcels based on legal descriptions, which may be significantly different than the original areas. (See Example 2)• Any parcel bordering a meandered lake and/or a water boundary will likely have a disparity of area between the Auditor/Assessor acreages and the GIS acreages because of the inaccuracy of the original GLO meander lines from which the original areas were determined. Water lines are not able to be drafted to the same accuracy as the normal parcel lines. The water lines are usually just sketched on a survey and their dimensions are not generally given on a land record. The water boundaries of our GIS parcels are located from aerial photography. This is a subjective determination based on the interpretation by the Survey/GIS technician of what is water. Some lakes fluctuate significantly and the areas of all parcels bordering water are subject to constant change. In these cases the ordinary high water line (OHW) is attempted to be identified. Use of 2-foot contours will be made, if available. (See Example 1)• Some land records do not accurately report the area described in the land description and the description area is ignored. (See Example 3)• The parcel mapping has made every attempt to map the parcels based on available survey information as surveyed and located on the ground. This may conflict with some record legal descriptions.Solutions• If an actual survey by a licensed Land Surveyor is available, it will be utilized for the tax acreage.• If the Auditor/Assessor finds a discrepancy between the tax and GIS areas, they will request a review by the County Survey/GIS department.• As a starting guideline, the County Survey/GIS department will identify all parcels that differ in tax area versus GIS parcel area of 10 % or more and a difference of at least 5 acres. (This could be expanded later after the initial review.)• Each of these identified parcels will be reviewed individually by the County Survey/GIS department to determine the reason for the discrepancy and a recommendation will be made by the County Survey/GIS department to the Auditor/Assessor if the change should be made or not.• If a change is to be made to the tax area, a letter will be sent to the taxpayer informing them that their area will be changed during the next tax cycle, which could affect their property valuation. This letter will originate from the Auditor/Assessor with explanation from the County Survey/GIS department. 2. Gaps and Overlaps• Land descriptions for adjoining parcels sometimes overlap or leave a gap between them.o In these instances the Survey/GIS technician has to make a decision where to place this boundary. A number of circumstances are reviewed to facilitate this decision as these dilemmas are usually decided on a case by case basis. All effort will be made to not leave a gap, but sometimes this is not possible and the gap will be shown with “unknown” ownership. (Note: The County does not have the authority to change boundaries!)o Some of the circumstances reviewed are: Which parcel had the initial legal description? Does the physical occupation of the parcel line as shown on the air photo more closely fit one of the described parcels? Interpretation of the intent of the legal description. Is the legal description surveyable?Note: These overlaps will be shown on the GIS map with a dashed “survey line” and accompanying text for the line not used for the parcel boundary. 3. Parcel lines that do not match location of buildings Structures on parcels do not always lie within the boundaries of the parcel. This may be a circumstance of building without the benefit of a survey or of misinterpreting these boundaries. The parcel lines should be shown accurately as surveyed and/or described regardless of the location of structures on the ground. NOTE: The GIS mapping is not a survey, but is an interpretation of parcel boundaries predicated upon resources available to the County Survey/GIS department.Gary Stevenson Page 1 7/21/2017Example 1Example 2A Example 2B Example 3

This dataset includes high quality (800 Dots Per Inch - DPI), 24 bit color images of Minnesota's original Public Land Survey (PLS) plats created during the first government land survey of the state from 1848 to 1907. Currently housed at the Office of the Secretary of State, these plats were created by the U.S. Surveyor General's Office. This collection of more than 3,600 maps also includes later General Land Office (GLO) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) maps - up to the year 2001. Minnesota's survey plat maps serve as the fundamental legal records for real estate in the state; all property titles and descriptions stem from them. They also serve as an essential resource for surveyors and as an analytical tool for the state's physical geography prior to European settlement. Finally, they serve as a testimony to years and years of hard work by the surveying community, often under challenging conditions. In recent years the deteriorating physical condition of the older maps and the needs of technologically more sophisticated researchers, who require access to the maps, have made handling the original paper records increasingly less practical. To meet this challenge, the Office of the Secretary of State, the State Archives of the Minnesota Historical Society, the Minnesota Department of Transportation, MnGeo (formerly the Land Management Information Center - LMIC) and the Minnesota Association of County Surveyors collaborated in a digitization project which produced images of the maps in standard TIFF, JPEG and PDF formats - nearly 1.5 terabytes worth of data. Funding was provided by the Minnesota Department of Transportation.

The United States Public Land Survey (PLS) divided land into one square mile units, termed sections. Surveyors used trees to locate section corners and other locations of interest (witness trees). As a result, a systematic ecological dataset was produced with regular sampling over a large region of the United States, beginning in Ohio in 1786 and continuing westward.
We digitized and georeferenced archival hand drawn maps of these witness trees for 27 counties in Ohio. This dataset consists of a GIS point shapefile with 11,925 points located at section corners, recording 26,028 trees (up to four trees could be recorded at each corner). We retain species names given on each archival map key, resulting in 70 unique species common names. PLS records were obtained from hand-drawn archival maps of original witness trees produced by researchers at The Ohio State University in the 1960’s. Scans of these maps are archived as “The Edgar Nelson Transeau Ohio Vegetation Survey” at The Ohio State University: http://hdl.handle.net/1811/64106.
The 27 counties are: Adams, Allen, Auglaize, Belmont, Brown, Darke, Defiance, Gallia, Guernsey, Hancock, Lawrence, Lucas, Mercer, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Noble, Ottawa, Paulding, Pike, Putnam, Scioto, Seneca, Shelby, Williams, Wyandot. Coordinate Reference System: North American Datum 1983 (NAD83). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.

The operating expenses by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) which include all members under industry expenditures, for surveying and mapping services (NAICS 54136 and 54137), annual (percent), for five years of data.

Revenue for the Surveying and Mapping Services industry has been volatile in the years since the pandemic. As the economy emerged from a short-lived downturn, surveyors were buoyed by strong residential construction resulting from record-low interest rates. Investment from the commercial sector also expanded as corporate profit soared. However, as the Federal Reserve raised the cost of borrowing to combat high inflation, homebuying and existing home improvements declined, severely inhibiting the residential sector and prompting a multi-year revenue decline for the industry. While interest rates have remained elevated, the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law has pumped millions of dollars into highway construction, civil engineering, mineral surveying and geospatial data processing, rewarding select surveying and mapping companies with hefty contracts. Thus, industry revenue is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 2.0% through 2025, even as interest rates remain elevated. In 2025, the industry is projected to grow 1.8% with revenue totalling $11.5 billion.Advances in technology are revolutionizing surveying by enabling faster, more accurate data collection and processing. Mobile mapping tools, UAVs, 3D laser scanning and AI-driven analytics are streamlining workflows, reducing field time and expanding the range of services companies offer. These innovations are supporting complex projects in construction, infrastructure and smart city planning, while cloud-based GIS and automation are improving productivity. As these tools are becoming industry standards, companies that have been quick to adopt them have gained a competitive edge. This increased competition has left laggards behind, making innovation incumbent to sustaining profitability.The industry will continue to see modest expansion as steady economic growth will increase demand from the nonresidential sector. However, economic uncertainty and the expectation of conservative monetary policy by the Federal Reserve will continue to keep interest rates elevated, tempering the residential housing market. Still, surveyors will benefit from new home construction that is expected to rise above historical averages, especially in regions where job growth will support relocation. Through 2030, industry revenue is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 1.1% to reach $12.2 billion.

The NGS Survey Control Map provides a map of the US which allows you to find and display geodetic survey control points stored in the database of the National Geodetic Survey and access the geodetic control data sheets associated with the points. Data sheets are in ASCII format and show precise latitude and longitude, orthometric heights, and gravity data for individual survey control points.

In support of new permitting workflows associated with anticipated WellSTAR needs, the CalGEM GIS unit extended the existing BLM PLSS Township & Range grid to cover offshore areas with the 3-mile limit of California jurisdiction. The PLSS grid as currently used by CalGEM is a composite of a BLM download (the majority of the data), additions by the DPR, and polygons created by CalGEM to fill in missing areas (the Ranchos, and Offshore areas within the 3-mile limit of California jurisdiction).CalGEM is the Geologic Energy Management Division of the California Department of Conservation, formerly the Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (as of January 1, 2020).Update Frequency: As Needed

Layers in this dataset represent Public Land Survey System subdivisions for Canadian County. Included are Townships, Sections, Quarter Sections and Government Lots. This data was created from 2019 to 2021 as part of a project to update county parcel data in partnership with ProWest & Associates (https://www.prowestgis.com/) and CEC Corporation (https://www.connectcec.com/). Corners were located to the quarter section level and additional corners were determined for the South Canadian River meanders based on the original government surveys. Quarter section corners were located using Certified Corner Records ( filed by Oklahoma licensed professional surveyors with the Oklahoma Department of Libraries where those records included coordinates. When a corner record could not be found or did not include coordinates, other interpolation methods were employed. These included connecting known corner record locations to unknown corners using data from filed subdivisions or from highway plans on record with the Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Where no corner records with coordinates were available and no interpolation methods could be used, aerial inspection was used to locate corners as the last option.Corner location accuracy varies as the method of locating the corner varies. For corners located using Certified Corner Records, accuracy is high depending on the age of the corner record and can possibly be less than 1 U.S. Foot. For corners located using interpolation methods, accuracy depends on the additional material used to interpolate the corner. In general, newer subdivisions and highway plans yield higher accuracy. For meander corners located using original government surveys, accuracy will be low due to the age of those surveys which date to the 1870's at the earliest. Additionally, corners that were located with aerials as the last available option cannot be assumed to be accurate.The data was built at the quarter section level first by connecting located corners and larger subdivisions were created from the quarter sections. For townships that extend into Grady County, township lines were only roughly located outside sections not in Canadian County.

The Point layer covers the State of Washington with a variety of different types of locations. The great majority of Points, point type 1, Corner Point, are located at the corners, or angle points, of Legal Description and Parcel areas. (See the metadata for Legal Description and Parcel.) Corner Points can represent differing types of locations such as surveyed monuments, locations calculated by survey, locations digitized from various maps like US Geological Survey quadrangles, and locations that serve no other purpose than to stabilize the endpoint of a Boundary or angle point of a Legal Description or Parcel. Points are the only features in the upland Cadastre that have attributes regarding the source and accuracy of the data. The known accuracy of the data varies dramatically from place to place. The attributes also indicate whether there is a known physical object to look for on the ground. The second type of Point, Geodetic Control Point, point type 2, is not currently populated. The third type of Point, Significant Coordinated Location, point type 3, can be used to store any type of point location that has cadastral significance. At present, the only Significant Coordinated Points in Cadastre are those points along the Washington Pacific Ocean coast which were used by the US Minerals Management Service to calculate the boundary of the State at one marine league from the coast.WA Public Land Survey Points MetadataClick to download

The map browser is a web based mapping tool that permits users to investigate cadastral data from the Surveyor General Branch. All cadastral data are updated nightly while the background map is static. Cadastral data are available for indian reserves, national parks, northern communities and subdivisions, quad sheets for the north and Cree-Naskapi areas for Quebec.

The Digital Geologic Map of the U.S. Geological Survey Mapping in the Western Portion of Amistad National Recreation Area, Texas is composed of GIS data layers complete with ArcMap 9.3 layer (.LYR) files, two ancillary GIS tables, a Map PDF document with ancillary map text, figures and tables, a FGDC metadata record and a 9.3 ArcMap (.MXD) Document that displays the digital map in 9.3 ArcGIS. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: Eddie Collins, Amanda Masterson and Tom Tremblay (Texas Bureau of Economic Geology); Rick Page (U.S. Geological Survey); Gilbert Anaya (International Boundary and Water Commission). Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation sections(s) of this metadata record (wpam_metadata.txt; available at http://nrdata.nps.gov/amis/nrdata/geology/gis/wpam_metadata.xml). All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.1. (available at: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/geology/GeologyGISDataModel.cfm). The GIS data is available as a 9.3 personal geodatabase (wpam_geology.mdb), and as shapefile (.SHP) and DBASEIV (.DBF) table files. The GIS data projection is NAD83, UTM Zone 14N. The data is within the area of interest of Amistad National Recreation Area.

Map exhibiting the property of the U.S. in the vicinity of the Capitol : colored red, with the manner in which it is proposed to lay off the same in building lots, as described in the report to the Sup't of the city to which this is annexed / BHLatrobe, one of the surveyors of the city of Washington, Dec. 3d 1815.

This data set contains archival raw, partially processed, and ancillary/supporting radio science data acquired during the Mapping (MAP) phase of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission. The radio observations were carried out using the MGS spacecraft and Earth-based receiving stations of the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). The observations were designed to test the spacecraft radio system, the DSN ground system, and MGS operations procedures; to be used in generating high-resolution gravity field models of Mars; and for estimating density and structure of the Mars atmosphere. A small number of surface scattering experiments were also conducted. Of most interest are likely to be the Orbit Data File and Original Data Record files, in the ODF and ODR directories, respectively, which provided the raw input to gravity and atmospheric investigations. The MAP phase extended from March 1999 through January 2001. Data were organized in approximately chronological order and delivered on a set of 184 CD volumes at the rate of 2-3 CD's per week. Typical volume of a one-day ODF was 300-400 kB. Typical volume of an ODR was 5-10 MB, and there were typically 8-16 ODR's per day depending on DSN schedules and observing geometry.

This dataset consists of about 48 000 old survey sheets in 1:600 or 1:1 200 or 1:1 000 scale published between 1920s and 2011 in GeoTIFF format. These survey sheet images were scanned from paper maps and geo-referenced to the Hong Kong 1980 Grid coordinate system. The geo-referenced location is for general reference only and shall not be used for any work with precision.

Map of the city of Washington D.C. in 1851 : established as the permanent seat of the government of the U.S. of Am. / James Keily, surveyor