The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is the principal source of information on the health of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States and is one of the major data collection programs of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) which is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The National Health Survey Act of 1956 provided for a continuing survey and special studies to secure accurate and current statistical information on the amount, distribution, and effects of illness and disability in the United States and the services rendered for or because of such conditions. The survey referred to in the Act, now called the National Health Interview Survey, was initiated in July 1957. Since 1960, the survey has been conducted by NCHS, which was formed when the National Health Survey and the National Vital Statistics Division were combined. NHIS data are used widely throughout the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to monitor trends in illness and disability and to track progress toward achieving national health objectives. The data are also used by the public health research community for epidemiologic and policy analysis of such timely issues as characterizing those with various health problems, determining barriers to accessing and using appropriate health care, and evaluating Federal health programs. The NHIS also has a central role in the ongoing integration of household surveys in DHHS. The designs of two major DHHS national household surveys have been or are linked to the NHIS. The National Survey of Family Growth used the NHIS sampling frame in its first five cycles and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey currently uses half of the NHIS sampling frame. Other linkage includes linking NHIS data to death certificates in the National Death Index (NDI). While the NHIS has been conducted continuously since 1957, the content of the survey has been updated about every 10-15 years. In 1996, a substantially revised NHIS questionnaire began field testing. This revised questionnaire, described in detail below, was implemented in 1997 and has improved the ability of the NHIS to provide important health information.

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program overseen by the US Agency for International AID (USAID) uses nationally representative surveys, biomarker testing, and geographic location to collect data on monitoring and impact evaluation indicators for individual countries and for cross-country comparisons.

Standardized DHS surveys include the Demographic and Health Survey, Service Provision Assessment, HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey, Malaria Indicator Survey, and Key Indicators Survey. The DHS Program also collects biomarkers and geographic data. Data availability varies by year and country. A table that lists all currently available data can be found here.

Abstract

The Service Delivery Indicators (SDI) are a set of health and education indicators that examine the effort and ability of staff and the availability of key inputs and resources that contribute to a functioning school or health facility. The indicators are standardized, allowing comparison between and within countries over time.

The Health SDIs include healthcare provider effort, knowledge and ability, and the availability of key inputs (for example, basic equipment, medicines and infrastructure, such as toilets and electricity). The indicators provide a snapshot of the health facility and assess the availability of key resources for providing high quality care.

The Mozambique SDI Health survey team visited a sample of 195 health facilities across Mozambique between April and June 2014. The survey team collected rosters covering 2,972 workers for absenteeism and assessed 694 health workers for competence using patient case simulations.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Health facilities and healthcare providers

Universe

All health facilities providing primary-level care

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling strategy for SDI surveys is designed towards attaining indicators that are accurate and representative at the national level, as this allows for proper cross-country (i.e. international benchmarking) and across time comparisons, when applicable. In addition, other levels of representativeness are sought to allow for further disaggregation (rural/urban areas, public/private facilities, subregions, etc.) during the analysis stage.

The sampling strategy for SDI surveys follows a multistage sampling approach. The main units of analysis are facilities (schools and health centers) and providers (health and education workers: teachers, doctors, nurses, facility managers, etc.). The multi-stage sampling approach makes sampling procedures more practical by dividing the selection of large populations of sampling units in a step-by-step fashion. After defining the sampling frame and categorizing it by stratum, a first stage selection of sampling units is carried out independently within each stratum. Often, the primary sampling units (PSU) for this stage are cluster locations (e.g. districts, communities, counties, neighborhoods, etc.) which are randomly drawn within each stratum with a probability proportional to the size (PPS) of the cluster (measured by the location’s number of facilities, providers or pupils). Once locations are selected, a second stage takes place by randomly selecting facilities within location (either with equal probability or with PPS) as secondary sampling units. At a third stage, a fixed number of health and education workers and pupils are randomly selected within facilities to provide information for the different questionnaire modules.

Detailed information about the specific sampling process is available in the associated SDI Country Report included as part of the documentation that accompany these datasets.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The SDI Health Survey Questionnaire consists of four modules and weights:

Module 1: General Information - Administered to the health facility manager to collect information on equipment, medicines, infrastructure and other facets of the health facility.

Module 2: Provider Absence - A roster of healthcare providers is collected and absence measured.

Module 3: Clinical Vignettes – A selection of providers are given clinical vignettes to measure knowledge of common medical conditions.

Module 4: Facility finances – Information on facility revenue and expenditures is collected from the health facility manager.

Weights: Weights for facilities, absentee-related analyses and clinical vignette analyses.

Cleaning operations

Quality control was performed in Stata.

The New York City Community Mental Health Survey (CMHS) was a one-time telephone survey conducted by the DOHMH. The CMHS was conducted in conjunction with the annual 2012 Community health Survey (CHS). The CMHS provides robust data on the mental health of New Yorkers, including neighborhood, borough, and citywide estimates. The data are analyzed and disseminated to influence mental health program decisions, and increase the understanding of the mental health among New Yorkers.

The Washington State Department of Health presents this information as a service to the public. This includes information on the work status, practice characteristics, education, and demographics of healthcare providers, provided in response to the Washington Health Workforce Survey.

This is a complete set of data across all of the responding professions. The data dictionary identifies questions that are specific to an individual profession and aren't common to all surveys. The dataset is provided without identifying information for the responding providers.

More information on the Washington Health Workforce Survey can be found at www.doh.wa.gov/workforcesurvey

Abstract

Health access and utilization survey (HAUS) is a cross-sectional, household telephone survey designed by the Public Health Section as a tool to determine refugees’ access to, utilization of, and coverage of key health services across different levels of health facilities as well as to identify critical factors and challenges faced by refugees that may affect health access in a timely manner. UNHCR Malaysia conducted the survey in December 2022 with the help of 23 enumerators and successfully collected data from 718 households comprising of 1,760 individuals. Informed consent was obtained prior to the start of the interview.

The average age of the respondents was 34 years (SD = 9 years). Majority of the households were male-headed (87%), married (55%), currently in some form of employment (83%) and originated from Myanmar (74%). Among the head of households, knowledge of available health services were lacking with a third of them (30.8%) unaware of subsidized care at government health facilities for UNHCR document holders while more than half of them were unaware of the availability of hospitalization assistance as provided by IMARET. Nevertheless, most households were able to access health care when needed (93%) although affordability remained a major barrier. The average amount paid by households for primary health services was MYR164 while hospitalization care could cost as much as MYR5,197 on average. In terms of childhood vaccination, 78% children under 5 were able to receive measles or MMR vaccination mainly from government health facilities. However, it is worth noting that the finding did not indicate whether the children had completed the required doses for MMR. Access to reproductive health services remain challenging with slightly more than half of pregnant women faced difficulties accessing antenatal care due to financial barrier. The average cost of delivery care paid by the respondents was MYR3,600. In terms of family planning, only 45.1% received family planning counselling or services post-delivery. Non-communicable diseases were emerging as another health concern affecting as many as 10% of the total households. The top three most common NCD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and musculo-skeletal diseases. As a result of inclusive national COVID-19 vaccination programme, refugees benefitted from the initiative with 92.6% completing the required doses and 74.6% receiving a booster dose. In summary, findings from this survey indicated the need to strengthen health awareness and information dissemination among refugees while sustainable health financing will help to ease the financial barrier faced by most refugees in need of health services. Advocacy for inclusion in the national health programming in key areas namely communicable and non-communicable diseases, childhood immunization, safe motherhood and family planning will help to promote better health outcomes for refugees.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household and individual

Universe

Registered Refugees in Malaysia 2022

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Simple Random Sample

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

The purpose of the Health Interview Survey is to obtain information about the amount and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the kinds of health services people receive. There are five types of records in this core survey, each in a separate data file. The variables in the Household file (Part 1) include type of living quarters, size of family, number of families in the household, presence of a telephone, number of unrelated individuals, and region. The Person file (Part 2) includes information on sex, age, race, marital status, Hispanic origin, education, veteran status, family income, family size, major activities, health status, activity limits, employment status, and industry and occupation. These variables are found in the Condition, Doctor Visit, and Hospital Episode files as well. The Person file also supplies data on height, weight, bed days, doctor visits, hospital stays, years at residence, and region variables. The Condition file (Part 3) contains information for each reported health condition, with specifics on injury and accident reports. The Hospital Episode file (Part 4) provides information on medical conditions, hospital episodes, type of service, type of hospital ownership, date of admission and discharge, number of nights in hospital, and operations performed. The Doctor Visit file (Part 5) documents doctor visits within the time period and identifies acute or chronic conditions. The Health Insurance file (Part 6) includes information on education level, family income, hospital visits and length of stay, and also data on medical coverage, hospital coverage, medicare coverage, and doctor visit coverage. The Medical Care Cost file (Part 7) includes information on hospital bill expenses, doctor and dental bill expenses, optical bill expenses, and total personal and family expenses. The X-Ray file (Part 8) includes information on x-ray records, doctor visits, height, weight, and total medical x-ray visits.

Abstract

The second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) was conducted in 2010 by the Ministry of Health and National Bureau of Statistics.

The primary objectives of the second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) were: - To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in South Sudan; - To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; - To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in South Sudan and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems. - To generate data on the situation of children and women, including the identification of vulnerable groups and of disparities, to inform policies and interventions. - To provide up-to-date information on the health status of children and women of South Sudan in order to understand differences related to determinants of health, such as poverty, education, gender, residence type (rural/urban), and the State of residence; - To generate data that assist in monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs and WFFC’s goals; and - To contribute to essentially desired improvements of data collection, quality, and analysis in South Sudan.

Sudan Household Health Survey is modelled on MICS, an international household survey programme developed by UNICEF. SHHS 2 was conducted as part of the fourth global round of MICS surveys (MICS4). MICS provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments. Additional information on the global MICS project may be obtained from www.childinfo.org.

Geographic coverage

The ten states of South Sudan: Upper Nile, Jonglei, Unity, Warap Northern Bahr El Ghazal, Western Bahr El Ghazal, Lakes, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, and Eastern Equatoria.

Sampling procedure

The sample for the second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) was designed to provide estimates for a large number of indicators on the situation of children and women at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for the 10 states across the country: The said States are Upper Nile, Jonglei, Unity, Warap Northern Bahr El Ghazal, Western Bahr El Ghazal, Lakes, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria.

The sampling frame used for the SHHS 2 is the 2008 Sudan Population and Housing Census. States were identified as the sampling domains or domains of analysis. The sample uses 20 urban and rural strata, two per State.

The sample size for the survey was determined by the degree of precision required for survey estimates for each state: 1,000 households in each state. Since a similar level of precision was required for the survey results from each state, it was decided to draw 40 clusters from each state and 25 households from each cluster. However, in each of Unity and Jonglei states only 39 clusters were selected and that yields 975 households by state. The total sample was finally 9,950 households or 398 clusters (enumeration areas).

The sample was selected in two stages: within each State, enumeration areas were randomly selected with probability proportional to size as primary sampling units. After a household listing was carried out within the selected enumeration areas, a sample of 25 households was drawn in each sampled enumeration area.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four sets of questionnaires were used in the survey: 1) a household questionnaire which was used to collect information on all de jure household members (usual residents), the household, and the dwelling; 2) a women’s questionnaire administered in each household to all women aged 15-49 years; 3) a men’s questionnaire administered in each household to all men aged 15-49 years; and 4) an under-5 questionnaire, administered to mothers or caretakers for all children under 5 living in the household.

The questionnaires included the following modules:

The household questionnaire included the following modules: - Household information panel - Household Listing Form and Education - Water and Sanitation (country specific tables were produced for use of improved water sources, Household water treatment, Time to source of drinking water; and Drinking water and sanitation ladders) - Household Characteristics - Insecticide Treated Nets (Results are only available for household possession of at least one mosquito net and one long-lasting treated net)Salt Iodization

The questionnaire for individual women was administered to all women aged 15-49 years living in the households, and included the following modules: - Woman’s Information Panel - Women’s Background - Child Mortality - Live Birth History - Desire for Last Birth (Results not available) - Maternal and Newborn Health - Contraception - Unmet Need - Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence - Marriage/Union - Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Results not available) - Sexual Behaviour - HIV/AIDS - Sexually Transmitted Infections (Results not available)

The questionnaire for individual men was administered to all men aged 15-49 years living in the households, and included the following modules: - Men’s information panel - Men’s Background - Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence - Marriage/Union - Sexual Behaviour - HIV/AIDS - Sexually Transmitted Infections

The questionnaire for children under five was administered to mothers or caretakers of children under 5 years of age1 living in the households. Normally, the questionnaire was administered to mothers of under-5 children; in cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed. The questionnaire included the following modules: - Under five Child Information Panel - Age - Birth Registration - Breastfeeding - Early Child Development (Results not available) - Care of Illness - Malaria - Immunization - Anthropometry

The questionnaires are based on the MICS4 model questionnaire2. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.

Cleaning operations

Data were entered using the CSPro software. The data were entered on 20 microcomputers and carried out by 40 data entry operators and 4 data entry supervisors. In order to ensure quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS4 programme and adapted to the South Sudan questionnaire were used throughout. Data processing began after the end of data collection and was completed in July 2010. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, Version 18, and the model syntax and tabulation plans developed by UNICEF were used for this purpose.

Response rate

Of the 9,950 households selected for the sample, 9,760 were found to be occupied. Of these, 9,369 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 96 percent. In the interviewed households, 11,568 women (age 15-49 years) were identified. Of these, 9,069 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 78 percent within interviewed households. In addition, 8,656 men (age 15-49 years) were listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 4,345 of eligible men, which corresponds to a response rate of 50 percent within interviewed households. There were 10,040 children under age five listed in the household questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed for 8,338 of these children, which corresponds to a response rate of 83 percent within interviewed households. Overall response rates of 75, 48, and 80 are calculated for the women’s, men’s and under-5’s interviews respectively. See Table HH.1 of the survey report.

Across the 10 States, women’s response rates, except Northern Bahr el Ghazal, are below 85 percent. The results for these States should thus be interpreted with some caution, as their response rates are low. The response rates for the children under five years of age in 5 of the 10 States were equally low. These are Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Unity, Upper Nile and Lakes States. These results are low, and therefore interpretation in these States should also be handled with caution. Response rates for urban and rural areas for the three categories (women, men and children under-five) are also below 85 percent; this as well requires some caution in the interpretation of the results. Crucially, response for the men’s module was exceedingly low, as their overall response rate is 48. Accordingly, all analysis on men was dropped from the survey report.

This dataset contains The Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Home Health Care Survey results. This survey is designed to measure the experiences of people receiving home health care from Medicare-certified home health agencies. The Home Health Care Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HHCAHPS) is conducted for home health agencies by approved HHCAHPS Survey vendors.

• to provide annual data about the nation’s health;
• to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;
• to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;
• to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;
• to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;
• to monitor progress towards selected health targets
• since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;
• since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change.

Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage.

Changes to the HSE from 2015:
Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS Digital disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.

COVID-19 and the HSE:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles webpage for more details.

The HSE 2007 was designed to provide data at both national and regional level about the population living in private households in England. The sample comprised two components; the core (general population) sample and a boost sample of children aged 2-15. The core sample was designed to be representative of the population living in private households in England and should be used for analyses at the national level.

For the HSE core sample, all adults aged 16 years or older at each household were selected for the interview (up to a maximum of ten adults). However, a limit of two was placed on the number of interviews carried out with children aged 0-15. For households with three or more children, interviewers selected two children at random. At boost addresses interviewers screened for households containing at least one child aged 2-15 years. For households which included eligible children, up to two were selected by the interviewer for inclusion in the survey. Interviewing was conducted throughout the year to take account of seasonal differences.

For the second edition (April 2010), three new children's Body Mass Index (BMI) variables have been added to the individual data file (bmicat1, bmicat2, bmicat3). The original variables (bmicut1, bmicut2, bmicut3) are unreliable and should not be used. Further information is available in the documentation and on the Information Centre for Health and Social Care Health Survey for England web page.

In January 2013, the Urban Institute launched the Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS), a survey of the nonelderly population, to explore the value of cutting-edge, Internet-based survey methods to monitor the Affordable Care Act (ACA) before data from federal government surveys are available. Topics covered by the 20th round of the survey (April 2021) include self-reported health status, health insurance coverage, access to health care, awareness of Marketplace and Medicaid coverage options, use of public benefits, telehealth, COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, forgone care because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and unfair treatment in health care settings. Additional information collected by the survey includes age, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, education, race and ethnicity, United States citizenship, housing type, home ownership, internet access, income, and employment status.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Health Survey for England (HSE) is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health. It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.
The aims of the HSE series are:

• to provide annual data about the nation’s health;
• to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;
• to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;
• to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;
• to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;
• to monitor progress towards selected health targets
• since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;
• since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change.

Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage.

Changes to the HSE from 2015:
Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS Digital disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.

COVID-19 and the HSE:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles webpage for more details.

The main focus of the HSE in 2010 was respiratory health and lung function. Additional modules of questions were also included, covering contraception and sexual health, well-being, kidney disease and dental health.

Data collection involved an interview, followed by a visit from a specially trained nurse for all those in the core sample who agreed. The nurse visit included measurements and collection of blood, saliva and urine samples, as well as additional questions.

For the third edition (January 2015), extra variables covering renal analytes were added to the individual data file. These resulted from additional analysis carried out on blood samples taken during the survey, to provide results for Serum cystatin C. The documentation has been updated accordingly.
Main Topics:

Question modules covered general health, personal care plans, dental health, doctor-diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, respiratory health, swine flu, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking (aged 18 years and over), drinking (aged 18 years and over), and demographic characteristics. The household questionnaire covered household demographics and the nurse visit covered clinical and anthropometric measures.

The purpose of this study was to collect extensive information on the sexual experiences and other social, demographic, attitudinal, and health-related characteristics of adults in the United States. The survey collected information on sexual practices with spouses/cohabitants and other sexual partners and collected background information about the partners. Major areas of investigation include sexual experiences such as number of sexual partners in given time periods, frequency of particular practices, and timing of various sexual events. The data cover childhood and adolescence, as well as adulthood. Other topics in the survey relate to sexual victimization, marriage and cohabitation, and fertility. Respondents were also queried about their physical health, including history of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents' attitudes toward premarital sex, the appeal of particular practices such as oral sex, and levels of satisfaction with particular sexual relationships were also studied. Demographic items include race, education, political and religious affiliation, income, and occupation.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. The NHANES combines personal interviews and physical examinations, which focus on different population groups or health topics. These surveys have been conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) on a periodic basis from 1971 to 1994. In 1999, the NHANES became a continuous program with a changing focus on a variety of health and nutrition measurements designed to meet current and emerging concerns. The sample for the survey is selected to represent the U.S. population of all ages. Many of the NHANES 2001-2002 questions also were asked in NHANES II 1976-1980, Hispanic HANES 1982-1984, NHANES III 1988-1994. New questions were added to the survey based on recommendations from survey collaborators, NCHS staff, and other interagency work groups.

In the 2001-2002 wave, the NHANES includes more than 100 datasets. Most have been combined into three datasets for convenience. Each starts with the demographic dataset and includes datasets of a specific type.

1. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Demographic & Examination Data, 2001-2002 (the base of the Demographic dataset + all data from medical examinations).

2. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Demographic & Laboratory Data, 2001-2002 (the base of the Demographic dataset + all data from medical laboratories).

3. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Demographic & Questionnaire Data, 2001-2002 (the base of the Demographic dataset + all data from questionnaires).

Not all files from the 2001-2002 wave are included. This is for two reasons, both of which related to the merging variable (SEQN). For a subset of the files, SEQN is not a unique identifier for cases (i.e. some respondents have multiple cases) or SEQN is not in the file at all. The following datasets from this wave of the NHANES are not included in these three files and can be found individually from the "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm" Target="_blank">NHANES website at the CDC:

Examination: Dietary Interview (Individual Foods File)
Examination: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXX)
Examination: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXX)
Questionnaire: Analgesics Pain Relievers
Questionnaire: Dietary Supplement Use -- Ingredient Information
Questionnaire: Dietary Supplement Use -- Supplement Blend
Questionnaire: Dietary Supplement Use -- Supplement Information
Questionnaire: Drug Information
Questionnaire: Dietary Supplement Use -- Participants Use of Supplement
Questionnaire: Physical Activity Individual Activity File
Questionnaire: Prescription Medications

Variable SEQN is included for merging files within the waves. All data files should be sorted by SEQN.

Additional details of the design and content of each survey are available at the "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm" Target="_blank">NHANES website.

The New York City Community Health Survey (CHS) is a telephone survey conducted annually by the DOHMH, Division of Epidemiology, Bureau of Epidemiology Services. CHS provides robust data on the health of New Yorkers, including neighborhood, borough, and citywide estimates on a broad range of chronic diseases and behavioral risk factors. The data are analyzed and disseminated to influence health program decisions, and increase the understanding of the relationship between health behavior and health status.
For more information see EpiQuery, https://a816-health.nyc.gov/hdi/epiquery/visualizations?PageType=ps&PopulationSource=CHS

The Health Survey for England series was designed to monitor trends in the nation's health, to estimate the proportion of people in England who have specified health conditions, and to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors and combinations of risk factors associated with these conditions. The surveys provide regular information that cannot be obtained from other sources on a range of aspects concerning the public's health and many of the factors that affect health. Each survey in the series includes core questions and measurements (such as blood pressure, height and weight, and analysis of blood and saliva samples), and modules of questions on topics that vary from year to year. These trend tables focus on key changes in core topics and measurements. All surveys have covered the adult population aged 16 and over living in private households in England. Since 1995, the surveys have included children who live in households selected for the survey; children aged 2-15 were included from 1995, and infants under two years old were added in 2001. The Health Survey for England has been carried out since 1994 by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of NatCen Social Research and the Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at UCL (University College London). A total of 8,795 adults and 2,185 children were interviewed in 2013.

The Health 2000 and 2011 surveys involved collecting data on the health, functional capacity and welfare of Finns as well as on related determining factors, service needs and use, and the differences in health and welfare between different population groups and the reasons for these. 10,000 Finns over 18 years of age selected with random sampling from the population register participated in the surveys. Research data was collected with interviews, health examinations and questionnaires.

The surveys collected data about the same persons in 2000 and 2011. As a result, unique follow-up data at the level of individuals is available, allowing exploring the factors that predict changes in health, functioning and welfare. In addition, comparative data on many of the phenomena charted in the Health 2000 and Health 2011 surveys is available from the Mini Finland Health Survey carried out between 1978 and 1980. This allows the versatile description of the health and functioning of the adult population and related determining factors over a period that already spans 30 years.

Abstract

The 1998 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) is the latest in a series of national-level population and health surveys conducted in Ghana and it is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS+ Project, designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health.

The primary objective of the 1998 GDHS is to provide current and reliable data on fertility and family planning behaviour, child mortality, children’s nutritional status, and the utilisation of maternal and child health services in Ghana. Additional data on knowledge of HIV/AIDS are also provided. This information is essential for informed policy decisions, planning and monitoring and evaluation of programmes at both the national and local government levels.

The long-term objectives of the survey include strengthening the technical capacity of the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) to plan, conduct, process, and analyse the results of complex national sample surveys. Moreover, the 1998 GDHS provides comparable data for long-term trend analyses within Ghana, since it is the third in a series of demographic and health surveys implemented by the same organisation, using similar data collection procedures. The GDHS also contributes to the ever-growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Children under five years
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-59

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The major focus of the 1998 GDHS was to provide updated estimates of important population and health indicators including fertility and mortality rates for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates of key variables for the ten regions in the country.

The list of Enumeration Areas (EAs) with population and household information from the 1984 Population Census was used as the sampling frame for the survey. The 1998 GDHS is based on a two-stage stratified nationally representative sample of households. At the first stage of sampling, 400 EAs were selected using systematic sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS-Method). The selected EAs comprised 138 in the urban areas and 262 in the rural areas. A complete household listing operation was then carried out in all the selected EAs to provide a sampling frame for the second stage selection of households. At the second stage of sampling, a systematic sample of 15 households per EA was selected in all regions, except in the Northern, Upper West and Upper East Regions. In order to obtain adequate numbers of households to provide reliable estimates of key demographic and health variables in these three regions, the number of households in each selected EA in the Northern, Upper West and Upper East regions was increased to 20. The sample was weighted to adjust for over sampling in the three northern regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West), in relation to the other regions. Sample weights were used to compensate for the unequal probability of selection between geographically defined strata.

The survey was designed to obtain completed interviews of 4,500 women age 15-49. In addition, all males age 15-59 in every third selected household were interviewed, to obtain a target of 1,500 men. In order to take cognisance of non-response, a total of 6,375 households nation-wide were selected.

Note: See detailed description of sample design in APPENDIX A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three types of questionnaires were used in the GDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire, and the Men’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed for the international MEASURE DHS+ programme and were designed to provide information needed by health and family planning programme managers and policy makers. The questionnaires were adapted to the situation in Ghana and a number of questions pertaining to on-going health and family planning programmes were added. These questionnaires were developed in English and translated into five major local languages (Akan, Ga, Ewe, Hausa, and Dagbani).

The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in a selected household and to collect information on the socio-economic status of the household. The first part of the Household Questionnaire collected information on the relationship to the household head, residence, sex, age, marital status, and education of each usual resident or visitor. This information was used to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. For this purpose, all women age 15-49, and all men age 15-59 in every third household, whether usual residents of a selected household or visitors who slept in a selected household the night before the interview, were deemed eligible and interviewed. The Household Questionnaire also provides basic demographic data for Ghanaian households. The second part of the Household Questionnaire contained questions on the dwelling unit, such as the number of rooms, the flooring material, the source of water and the type of toilet facilities, and on the ownership of a variety of consumer goods.

The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information on the following topics: respondent’s background characteristics, reproductive history, contraceptive knowledge and use, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care, infant feeding practices, child immunisation and health, marriage, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, husband’s background characteristics, women’s work, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs, as well as anthropometric measurements of children and mothers.

The Men’s Questionnaire collected information on respondent’s background characteristics, reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and use, marriage, fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning, as well as knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STDs.

Response rate

A total of 6,375 households were selected for the GDHS sample. Of these, 6,055 were occupied. Interviews were completed for 6,003 households, which represent 99 percent of the occupied households. A total of 4,970 eligible women from these households and 1,596 eligible men from every third household were identified for the individual interviews. Interviews were successfully completed for 4,843 women or 97 percent and 1,546 men or 97 percent. The principal reason for nonresponse among individual women and men was the failure of interviewers to find them at home despite repeated callbacks.

Note: See summarized response rates by place of residence in Table 1.1 of the survey report.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of shortfalls made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 1998 GDHS to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 1998 GDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 1998 GDHS sample is the result of a two-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulae. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 1998 GDHS is the ISSA Sampling Error Module. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables - Household age distribution - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women - Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men - Completeness of reporting - Births by calendar years - Reporting of age at death in days - Reporting of age at death in months

Note: See detailed tables in APPENDIX C of the survey report.

The Public Health Agency of Sweden annually conducts a national public health survey, Health on Equal Terms, including a sample of 20 000 people aged 16-84 years. The survey, which was conducted for the first time in 2004, is an on going collaboration between the The Public Health Agency of Sweden and county councils/regions in Sweden and is carried out with help from Statistics Sweden (SCB). All studies, since 2004, can be found under the tab Related studies.

The survey is voluntary and done with the purpose to investigate the health in the population and to show changes in the population's health over time as a follow up of the national health politics.

The sample is randomly drawn from the Statistics Sweden's population register and includes 20 000 people aged 16-84 years. The personal data is confidential and protected by law and those working with this survey are obliged to practice professional secrecy. Individual answers can not be identified in the results.

The study participants are since 2007 given the opportunity to answer the survey on the web. Since 2012, the web survey is also in English, and since 2014 also in Finnish.

The questionnaire includes about 85 questions. Each county council has its own introduction letter and the questions has been prepared in collaboration with representatives from a number of different community medicine units. The origin and quality of the questions are described in the report "Objective and background of the questions in the national public health survey". Most questions recur each year, but questions can in particular cases be replaced by other questions of good quality and national relevance.

The questions in the national public health survey cover physical and mental health, consumption of pharmaceuticals, contact with healthcare services, dental health, living habits, financial conditions, work and occupation, work environment, safety and social relationships. Data regarding education is collected from the education register, and data of income, economic support, sickness benefits and pensions from the income an taxation register.

Purpose:

The aim is to investigate the health in the population and to show changes in the population's health over time as a follow up of the national health politics.

The research purpose of the Health Behaviour survey among Latvian Adult Population is to collect information about individual health behaviour, to evaluate actual and potential public health problems associated with health Behaviour, to investigate demographic and geographic distribution, and to gain accurate evidence-based information for future health promotion and health education programs.