Russia USD/RUB Swap: Overnight: Base Swap Rate data was reported at 87.115 USD/RUB in 25 Feb 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 80.647 USD/RUB for 24 Feb 2022. Russia USD/RUB Swap: Overnight: Base Swap Rate data is updated daily, averaging 35.939 USD/RUB from Sep 2002 (Median) to 25 Feb 2022, with 4597 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 87.115 USD/RUB in 25 Feb 2022 and a record low of 23.125 USD/RUB in 16 Jul 2008. Russia USD/RUB Swap: Overnight: Base Swap Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Russia. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Swap Rates – Table RU.ME002: ForEx Swap Transactions: Bank of Russia: Terms.

Russia USD/RUB Swap Rate: NFEA: Yield: 1M data was reported at 17.500 % pa in 30 Mar 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 17.500 % pa for 29 Mar 2022. Russia USD/RUB Swap Rate: NFEA: Yield: 1M data is updated daily, averaging 6.490 % pa from Dec 2009 (Median) to 30 Mar 2022, with 3004 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.880 % pa in 19 Dec 2014 and a record low of 2.100 % pa in 16 Jun 2010. Russia USD/RUB Swap Rate: NFEA: Yield: 1M data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Self-regulatory organisation «National Finance Association». The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Swap Rates – Table RU.ME004: ForEx Swap Rate: National Foreign Exchange Association (NFEA).

Russia USD/RUB Swap Rate: NFEA: Yield: 18M data was reported at 26.930 % pa in 30 Mar 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 26.930 % pa for 29 Mar 2022. Russia USD/RUB Swap Rate: NFEA: Yield: 18M data is updated daily, averaging 6.730 % pa from Dec 2009 (Median) to 30 Mar 2022, with 3003 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.930 % pa in 30 Mar 2022 and a record low of 3.920 % pa in 10 Nov 2020. Russia USD/RUB Swap Rate: NFEA: Yield: 18M data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Self-regulatory organisation «National Finance Association». The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Swap Rates – Table RU.ME004: ForEx Swap Rate: National Foreign Exchange Association (NFEA).

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The market continues to evolve, driven by several key trends and challenges. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. The Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionize banking and financial services, enabling real-time personal finance software and content delivery for travelers and businesses. The uncertainty of future exchange rates fuels the demand for 24x7 trading opportunities. As urbanization progresses and digitalization becomes more prevalent, the market is expected to grow, offering numerous opportunities for businesses and investors.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market, also known as the forex or FX market, is a decentralized global market for the trading of currencies. It facilitates the conversion of one currency into another for various reasons, including international trade, tourism, hedging, speculation, and investment. Participants in this market include financial institutions, non-financial customers, individuals, retailers, corporate institutes, and central banks. Currencies are traded 24 hours a day, five days a week, due to the presence of multiple time zones and the interbank network.
Currency swaps, interest rate differentials, monetary interventions, economic indicators, political developments, and investment flows are some of the key drivers influencing the market. International trade, balance of payments, and economic instability in various countries also significantly impact currency values. Speculation and hedging activities, particularly by corporations and financial institutions, contribute to the volatility of currency rates. The market is increasingly leveraging artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies to optimize trading strategies, with mutual funds utilizing these advancements to enhance portfolio performance and manage currency risk more efficiently. The forex market plays a crucial role in facilitating international business transactions and managing risks associated with currency fluctuations.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.TypeReporting dealersFinancial institutionsNon-financial customersTrade Finance InstrumentsCurrency swapsOutright forward and FX swapsFX optionsCounterpartyReporting DealersOther Financial InstitutionsNon-Financial CustomersGeographyNorth AmericaCanadaUSEuropeGermanyUKAPACChinaIndiaJapanSouth AmericaBrazilMiddle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market, also known as Forex or FX, is a global financial market where participants buy, sell, and exchange currencies. This market involves various market participants, including financial institutions, non-financial customers, and corporations. Currency swaps, individuals, retailers, corporates, hedge funds, wealth managers, and foreign exchange services are among the key players. The markets facilitate international trade and investment flows, with economic indicators, political developments, inflationary pressures, and interest rate differentials influencing currency values. Monetary interventions, speculation, and risk appetite are also significant factors.
Modern technology and electronic platforms have increased efficiency and accessibility, enabling 24-hour operation. Currency exchange services, monetary policies, and regulations, including those by central banks, impact the market. Economic events, financial crises, and strategic corporate activities can cause volatility. Hedging strategies, accessible platforms, and personal finance considerations are essential for individual investors, small businesses, and multinational corporations dealing with major currency pairs. Online trading platforms and trade balances are crucial for managing currency risks in an increasingly globalized business environment.

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The Reporting dealers segment was valued at USD 278.60 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Currency pairs are the foundation of forex trading, with spot trading being one of the most common methods of buying and selling currencies. Forward contracts and swap deals offer traders the ability to lock in exchange rates for future transactions, managing ris

The global foreign exchange (FX) market, valued at $888.67 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing cross-border transactions, globalization, and the rising adoption of fintech solutions for currency trading. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.6% from 2025 to 2033 signifies a significant expansion of market opportunities. Key drivers include the surge in e-commerce, international investments, and the growing need for efficient risk management strategies among businesses operating across multiple geographies. The market is segmented by customer type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers) and by trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forwards and FX swaps, FX options). While regulatory changes and geopolitical uncertainties present potential restraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, fueled by technological advancements and the consistent demand for efficient foreign exchange solutions. Major players like Bank of America, Citigroup, and HSBC dominate the market, leveraging their extensive global networks and technological expertise. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established financial institutions and emerging fintech companies vying for market share, creating further dynamism within the sector. The regional breakdown reveals significant participation from North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, with North America currently holding a substantial market share. However, rapidly growing economies in Asia-Pacific, particularly China and India, are expected to fuel significant expansion in this region over the forecast period. The burgeoning middle class and increasing international trade in these economies present significant opportunities for growth within the FX market. South America and the Middle East and Africa are also poised for moderate growth, albeit at a slower pace compared to other regions. The ongoing digital transformation of the financial sector, coupled with the demand for sophisticated trading platforms and data analytics, further supports the market's upward trajectory. The predicted growth trajectory suggests substantial investment opportunities and an evolving competitive landscape in the coming years.

The average daily turnover of over the counter (OTC) derivatives traded in France increase between 2001 and 2010, before falling over the following decade. From a peak of over 192.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2010, by 2019 the average daily turnover had fallen to around 119.7 billion U.S. dollars. In all years under consideration the most common instrument traded was interest rate swaps, which accounted for around two thirds of turnover in 2022.

The average daily turnover of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives traded on in Germany fluctuated between 2001 and 2022, ranging from a peak of over 212 billion U.S. dollars in 2022 down from a low of 31.3 billion in 2016. The most common instrument traded also varied, with interest rate swaps growing dramatically in 2022.

In 2007, the average daily turnover of foreign exchange (forex) transactions and derivatives traded in Italy had risen significantly, before dropping during the next few years. The level of foreign exchange swaps has remained stable since 2016, not experiencing a significant increase or decrease through to 2022. The most commonly traded foreign exchange instrument was foreign exchange rate swaps, which amounted to a rough value of 22 billion U.S. dollars in 2007. The least traded foreign exchange instrument was currency swaps, with the highest value of roughly 354 million U.S. dollars being recorded in 2016.

The average daily turnover of foreign exchange (forex) transactions and derivatives traded in Germany fluctuated in recent years. The most commonly traded was foreign exchange rate swaps, which are agreements to swap the principal and interest payments made on one currency for the principal and interest payments on a loan of equal value in another currency.

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Authority; Nonofficial Foreign Currencies (Swap Lines); Asset, Transactions (ROWNFCA027N) from 1946 to 2024 about monetary authorities, swaps, IMA, foreign, transactions, currency, assets, and USA.

The Japan foreign exchange market size reached USD 55.2 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 111.9 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% during 2025-2033. The shifting consumer inclination toward currency trading, inflating disposable incomes, and higher interest rates of foreign exchange rates represent some of the key factors driving the market.

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the Japan foreign exchange market report, along with forecasts at the country level for 2025-2033. Our report has categorized the market based on counterparty and type.

The average daily turnover of foreign exchange (forex) transactions and derivatives traded in France grew steadily greatly between 2001 and 2013, before gradually declining in the following years. From a peak of 189.9 billion U.S. dollars in 2013, by 2019 this had fallen to 167.1 billion U.S. dollars. The most commonly traded was foreign exchange rate swaps, which are agreements to swap the principal and interest payments made on one currency for the principal and interest payments on a loan of equal value in another currency. In 2022, swaps accounted for around 73 percent of the total daily forex turnover in France.

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Authority; Other Assets, Including Fixed Assets, Foreign Currency Denominated Assets and Central Bank Liquidity Swaps, Transactions (BOGZ1FA713090003Q) from Q4 1946 to Q4 2024 about central bank, monetary authorities, swaps, liquidity, foreign, transactions, fixed, currency, assets, and USA.

Brazil Swap Rate: Interbank Deposit & Fixed Rate: 90 days data was reported at 6.283 % pa in Jun 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.381 % pa for May 2019. Brazil Swap Rate: Interbank Deposit & Fixed Rate: 90 days data is updated monthly, averaging 12.171 % pa from Mar 2001 (Median) to Jun 2019, with 220 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.490 % pa in Feb 2003 and a record low of 6.235 % pa in Apr 2018. Brazil Swap Rate: Interbank Deposit & Fixed Rate: 90 days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table BR.ME001: Interest Rate Swap.

The average daily turnover of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives traded in Australia grew between 2001 and 2022, increasing from 9.8 billion U.S. dollars in 2001 to 112.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2019. The most common instrument traded in every period except 2001 was interest rate swaps. Moreover, much of the overall growth can be attributed to the increased turnover of interest rate swaps, which increased from less than half of the total turnover in 2001 to around 90 percent by the late 2010s.

These data are derived from returns submitted to the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) by banks authorised under the Banking Act 1959. APRA assumed responsibility for the supervision and regulation of banks on 1 July 1998. Data prior to that date were submitted to the RBA.

Prior to March 2002, banks reported quarterly to APRA on the Off-balance Sheet Business Return. From that date until the end of 2007, banks reported quarterly on ARF 112.2: Capital Adequacy – Off-balance Sheet Business. Following the introduction of a new capital framework (Basel II) on 1 January 2008, the data between March 2008 and March 2011 were reported on either ARF 112.2: Capital Adequacy – Off-balance Sheet Business, ARF 112.2A: Standardised Credit Risk – Off-balance Sheet Exposures, or ARF 118.0: Off-balance Sheet Business, depending on whether the bank had been approved by APRA to use a Basel II advanced approach to credit risk. Following the revocation of Australian Prudential Standard APS150 on 30 June 2011, banks using the advanced approach to credit risk have been required to report data with reference to the Basel II framework. From June 2011, data are reported on ARF 112.2A: Standardised Credit Risk – Off-balance Sheet Exposures, ARF 118.0: Off-balance Sheet Business, or ARF 118.1: Other Off-balance Sheet Exposures, depending on whether the bank has been approved by APRA to use a Basel II advanced approach to credit risk.

‘Consolidated group’, for a locally incorporated bank, refers to the global operations of the bank and its subsidiaries, excluding those involved in insurance, funds management/trustee and non-financial business. For a foreign bank authorised to operate in Australia as a branch, the data relate to the operations of the branch only. Figures are as at the last business day of the quarter and refer to the principal amount (face value) of the transaction.

From March 2002, banks are required to report separately activity in the banking and trading books for interest rate contracts, foreign exchange contracts, and other derivative contracts. Banking and trading book figures are added to produce the data reported in the table. Before March 2002, exposures were netted across the banking and trading books (except credit derivatives). This has necessitated a break in the series.

‘Direct credit substitutes’ covers any irrevocable obligations that carry the same credit risk as a direct extension of credit. This includes the issue of guarantees, confirmation of letters of credit, standby letters of credit serving as financial guarantees for loans, securities and any other financial liabilities, and certain bills endorsed under bill endorsement lines. ‘Direct credit substitutes’ does not include credit derivatives, which are shown separately.

‘Trade- and performance-related items’ covers contingent liabilities arising from trade-related obligations secured against an underlying shipment of goods and any irrevocable obligations to make a payment to a third party if a counterparty fails to perform a contractual non-monetary obligation. This includes documentary letters of credit issued, acceptances on trade bills, shipping guarantees issued, issue of performance bonds, bid bonds, warranties, indemnities, standby letters of credit in relation to a non-monetary obligation of a counterparty under a particular transaction, and any other trade- and performance-related items.

‘Commitments and other non-market-related items’ includes lending of securities or posting of securities as collateral, assets sold with recourse, forward asset purchases, partly paid shares and securities, placements of forward deposits, underwriting facilities, standby lines of credit, redraw facilities, undrawn credit card facilities, and all other non-market-related off-balance sheet items.

‘Interest rate contracts – OTC forwards’ covers single currency over-the-counter interest rate forwards including forward rate agreements.

‘Interest rate contracts – OTC swaps’ covers single currency over-the-counter interest rate swaps.

‘Interest rate contracts – Other’ covers other single currency over-the-counter and exchange-traded interest rate contracts including interest rate options written and purchased.

‘Foreign exchange contracts – OTC forwards’ covers over-the-counter foreign exchange forwards including foreign exchange forward contracts involving gold.

‘Foreign exchange contracts – OTC swaps’ covers over-the-counter foreign exchange swaps including cross currency interest rate swaps and foreign exchange swap contracts involving gold.

‘Foreign exchange contracts – Other’ covers other over-the-counter and exchange-traded foreign exchange contracts including other foreign exchange contracts involving gold.

‘Credit derivatives’ covers all credit derivatives contracts, both where protection is purchased and protection is sold. Banks were required to report credit derivatives exposure to APRA from June 2000 following a change to the Off-balance Sheet Business Return. This has necessitated a break in the series.

‘Other off-balance sheet business’ covers equity contracts including written and purchased options positions, derivatives based on gold and precious metals, base metals, energy and other commodities, and all other derivative activity.

The Money Market Statistical Reporting (MMSR) is a transaction-by-transaction dataset about the Euro money market. The collection of data is based on European Central Bank (ECB) regulation. Under this regulation, the 50 biggest Monetary Financial Institutes (MFIs) in the Eurozone are obliged to report money market transactions. The Deutsche Bundesbank provides access to the German subset of the MMSR. In total, this subset currently contains 115 Reporting Agents (including 14 MFIs based upon the ECB criterion).

Reporting agents are obliged to report to Deutsche Bundesbank all money market transactions conducted with financial corporations (except central banks where the transaction is not for investment purposes), general government or non-financial corporations classified as “wholesale” according to the Basel III LCR framework. Data is available from July 2016 onwards. Starting in October 2019, the MMSR data will be the base for the Euro Short-Term Rate which represents a new reference rate index by the Eurosystem.

The average daily turnover of foreign exchange (forex) transactions and derivatives traded in the Netherlands has fluctuated greatly between 2001 and 2019. From a peak of 112.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2013, by 2019 this had fallen to 64.2 billion U.S. dollars. The most commonly traded was foreign exchange rate swaps, which are agreements to swap the principal and interest payments made on one currency for the principal and interest payments on a loan of equal value in another currency. In 2019, swaps accounted for around 80 percent of the total daily forex turnover in the Netherlands.

Between 2001 and 2022, the average daily turnover of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives traded in Italy fluctuated considerably, peaking in 2004. The turnover of derivatives in 2004 amounted to a total value of about 38 billion U.S. dollars, while the turnover of derivatives in 2019 only amounted to 11.5 billion U.S. dollars, the market is experiencing upward growth as the total value climbs to roughly 21.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. The most commonly traded interest rate instruments were interest rate swaps, which are forward contracts wherein future interest payment streams are exchanged based on a definite principal amount.

China Foreign Exchange Turnover: RMB/FX Swap: USD/RMB: Overnight data was reported at 7,906,544.000 RMB mn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,555,335.000 RMB mn for Jan 2025. China Foreign Exchange Turnover: RMB/FX Swap: USD/RMB: Overnight data is updated monthly, averaging 6,155,643.000 RMB mn from Jan 2017 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 98 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,454,103.000 RMB mn in Jul 2024 and a record low of 2,870,629.000 RMB mn in Feb 2018. China Foreign Exchange Turnover: RMB/FX Swap: USD/RMB: Overnight data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Foreign Exchange Trading Center. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money Market, Interest Rate, Yield and Exchange Rate – Table CN.MD: China Foreign Exchange Trading Center (CFETC): Foreign Exchange Trading.