Transport for NSW provides projections of population and dwellings at the small area (Travel Zone or TZ) level for NSW. The latest version is Travel Zone Projections 2024 (TZP24), released in January 2025.\r \r TZP24 replaces the previously published TZP22.\r \r The projections are developed to support a strategic view of NSW and are aligned with the NSW Government Common Planning Assumptions .\r \r The TZP24 Population & Dwellings Projections dataset covers the following variables:\r \r * Estimated Resident Population\r \r * Structural Private Dwellings (Regional NSW only)\r \r * Population in Occupied Private Dwellings, by 5-year Age categories & by Sex\r \r * Population in Non-Private Dwellings\r \r The projections in this release, TZP24, are presented annually from 2021 to 2031 and 5-yearly from 2031 to 2066, and are in TZ21 geography.\r \r Please note, TZP24 is based on best available data as at early 2024, and the projections incorporate results of the National Census conducted by the ABS in August 2021.\r \r Key Data Inputs used in TZP24:\r \r * 2024 NSW Population Projections – NSW Department of Planning, Housing & Infrastructure\r \r * 2021 Census data - Australian Bureau of Statistics (including dwellings by occupancy, total dwellings by Mesh Block, household sizes, private dwellings by occupancy, population age and gender, persons by place of usual residence)\r \r For a summary of the TZP24 projection method please refer to the TZP24 Factsheet .\r \r For more detail on the projection process please refer to the TZP24 Technical Guide . \r \r Additional land use information for workforce and employment as well as Travel Zone 2021 boundaries for NSW (TZ21) and concordance files are also available for download on the Open Data Hub.\r \r Visualisations of the population projections are available on the Transport for NSW Website under Data and research/Reference Information .\r \r Cautions\r \r The TZP24 dataset represents one view of the future aligned with the NSW Government Common Planning Assumptions and population and employment projections.\r \r The projections are not based on specific assumptions about future new transport infrastructure but do take into account known land-use developments underway or planned, and strategic plans.\r \r *\tTZP24 is a strategic state-wide dataset and caution should be exercised when considering results at detailed breakdowns.\r \r *\tThe TZP24 outputs represent a point in time set of projections (as at early 2024).\r \r *\tThe projections are not government targets.\r \r *\tTravel Zone (TZ) level outputs are projections only and should be used as a guide. As with all small area data, aggregating of travel zone projections to higher geographies leads to more robust results.\r \r *\tAs a general rule, TZ-level projections are illustrative of a possible future only.\r \r *\tMore specific advice about data reliability for the specific variables projected is provided in the “Read Me” page of the Excel format summary spreadsheets on the TfNSW Open Data Hub.\r \r *\tCaution is advised when comparing TZP24 with the previous set of projections (TZP22) due to addition of new data sources for the most recent years, and adjustments to methodology.\r \r Further cautions and notes can be found in the TZP24 Technical Guide\r \r Important note: \r \r The Department of Planning, Housing & Infrastructure (DPHI) published the 2024 NSW Population Projections in November 2024. As per DPHI’s published projections, the following variables are excluded from the published TZP24 Population and Dwellings Projections:\r \r *\tStructural Private Dwellings for Travel Zones in 43 councils across Greater Sydney, Illawarra-Shoalhaven, Central Coast, Lower Hunter and Greater Newcastle\r \r *\tOccupied Private Dwellings for Travel Zones in NSW.\r \r Furthermore, in TZP24, the Structural Private Dwellings variable aligns with the 2024 Implied Dwelling projections while the Occupied Private Dwellings variable aligns with the 2024 Households projections at SA2 level prepared by DPHI.\r \r The above variables are available upon request by contacting model.selection@transport.nsw.gov.au - Attention Place Forecasting.

The statistic shows the ten largest cities in Australia in 2021. In 2021, around 5.26 million people lived in Sydney and the surrounding area, making it the most populous city in Australia.

This statistic shows the share of ethnic groups in Australia in the total population. 33 percent of the total population of Australia are english.

Australia’s population

Australia’s ethnic diversity can be attributed to their history and location. The country’s colonization from Europeans is a significant reason for the majority of its population being Caucasian. Additionally, being that Australia is one of the most developed countries closest to Eastern Asia; its Asian population comes as no surprise.

Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries, often earning recognition as one of the world’s economical leaders. With a more recent economic boom, Australia has become an attractive country for students and workers alike, who seek an opportunity to improve their lifestyle. Over the past decade, Australia’s population has slowly increased and is expected to continue to do so over the next several years. A beautiful landscape, many work opportunities and a high quality of life helped play a role in the country’s development. In 2011, Australia was considered to have one of the highest life expectancies in the world, with the average Australian living to approximately 82 years of age.

From an employment standpoint, Australia has maintained a rather low employment rate compared to many other developed countries. After experiencing a significant jump in unemployment in 2009, primarily due to the world economic crisis, Australia has been able to remain stable and slightly increase employment year-over-year.

In June 2022, it was estimated that around 7.3 percent of Australians were aged between 25 and 29, and the same applied to people aged between 30 and 34. All in all, about 55 percent of Australia’s population was aged 35 years or older as of June 2022. At the same time, the age distribution of the country also shows that the share of children under 14 years old was still higher than that of people over 65 years old. A breakdown of Australia’s population growth Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world, yet with a population of around 26 million inhabitants, it is only sparsely populated. Since the 1970s, the population growth of Australia has remained fairly constant. While there was a slight rise in the Australian death rate in 2022, the birth rate of the country decreased after a slight rise in the previous year. The fact that the birth rate is almost double the size of its death rate gives the country one of the highest natural population growth rates of any high-income country.
National distribution of the population Australia’s population is expected to surpass 28 million people by 2028. The majority of its inhabitants live in the major cities. The most populated states are New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland. Together, they account for over 75 percent of the population in Australia.

Household Travel Survey (HTS) is the most comprehensive source of personal travel data for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA). This data explores average weekday travel patterns for residents in Sydney GMA.\r \r The Household Travel Survey (HTS) collects information on personal travel behaviour. The study area for the survey is the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA) which includes Sydney Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA), parts of Illawarra and Hunter regions. All residents of occupied private dwellings within the Sydney GMA are considered within scope of the survey and are randomly selected to participate.\r The HTS has been running continuously since 1997/981 and collects data for all days through the year – including during school and public holidays.\r \r Typically, approximately 2,000-3,000 households participate in the survey annually. Data is collected on all trips made over a 24-hour period by all members of the participating households.\r \r Annual estimates from the HTS are usually produced on a rolling basis using multiple years of pooled data for each reporting year2. All estimates are weighted to the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Estimated Resident Population, corresponding to the year of collection3. Unless otherwise stated, all reported estimates are for an average weekday.\r \r \r \r Due to disruptions in data collection resulting from the lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, post-COVID releases of HTS data are based on a lower sample size than previous HTS releases. To ensure integrity of the results and mitigate risk of sampling errors some post-COVID results have been reported differently to previous years. Please see below for more information on changes to HTS post-COVID (2020/21 onwards).\r \r 1. Data collection for the HTS was suspended during lock-down periods announced by the NSW Government due to COVID-19.\r \r 2. Exceptions apply to the estimates for 2020/21 which are based on a single year of sample as it was decided not to pool the sample with data collected pre-COVID-19. \r \r 3. HTS population estimates are also slightly lower than those reported in the ABS census as the survey excludes overseas visitors and those in non-private dwellings.\r \r Changes to HTS post-COVID (2020/21 onwards)\r \r HTS was suspended from late March 2020 to early October 2020 due to the impact and restrictions of COVID-19, and again from July 2021 to October 2021 following the Delta wave of COVID-19. Consequently, both the 2020/21 and 2021/22 releases are based on a reduced data collection period and smaller samples.\r \r Due to the impact of changed travel behaviours resulting from COVID-19 breaking previous trends, HTS releases since 2020/21 have been separated from pre-COVID-19 samples when pooled. As a result, HTS 2020/21 was based on a single wave of data collection which limited the breadth of geography available for release. Subsequent releases are based on pooled post-COVID samples to expand the geographies included with reliable estimates.\r \r Disruption to the data collection during, and post-COVID has led to some adjustments being made to the HTS estimates released post-COVID:\r \r SA3 level data has not been released for 2020/21 and 2021/22 due to low sample collection.\r LGA level data for 2021/22 has been released for selected LGAs when robust Relative Standard Error (RSE) for total trips are achieved\r Mode categories for all geographies are aggregated differently to the pre-COVID categories\r Purpose categories for some geographies are aggregated differently across 2020/21 and 2021/22.\r A new data release – for six cities as defined by the Greater Sydney Commission - is included since 2021/22.\r Please refer to the Data Document for 2022/23 (PDF, 262.54 KB) for further details.\r \r RELEASE NOTE\r \r The latest release of HTS data is 28 March 2024 . This release includes Region, LGA, SA3 and Six Cities data for 2022/23. This is the first release of SA3 level data from HTS post COVID-19.\r \r A revised dataset for HTS 2021/22 data for LGAs and Six Cities has also been included in this release on 28 March 2024. If you have downloaded HTS 2021/22 data by LGA and/or Six Cities from this link prior to 28/03/2024, we advise you replace it with the revised tables. \r \r Further revisions may be undertaken on the HTS post-COVID data (since 2020) as we review other datasets to calibrate the travel behaviour post-COVID.

This map shows population and land use in Sydney and the County of Cumberland. It was prepared by the Department of Main Roads.

The scale is 1 mile = 1 inch. The map is in two parts.


(SR Map Nos.52693-94). 2 sheets.

Note:
This description is extracted from Concise Guide to the State Archives of New South Wales, 3rd Edition 2000.

Humans have been living on the continent of Australia (name derived from "Terra Australis"; Latin for "the southern land") for approximately 65,000 years, however population growth was relatively slow until the nineteenth century. Europeans had made some contact with Australia as early as 1606, however there was no significant attempt at settlement until the late eighteenth century. By 1800, the population of Australia was approximately 350,000 people, and the majority of these were Indigenous Australians. As colonization progressed the number of ethnic Europeans increased while the Australian Aboriginal population was decimated through conflict, smallpox and other diseases, with some communities being exterminated completely, such as Aboriginal Tasmanians. Mass migration from Britain and China After the loss of its American colonies in the 1780s, the British Empire looked to other parts of the globe to expand its sphere of influence. In Australia, the first colonies were established in Sydney, Tasmania and Western Australia. Many of these were penal colonies which became home to approximately 164,000 British and Irish convicts who were transported to Australia between 1788 and 1868. As the decades progressed, expansion into the interior intensified, and the entire country was claimed by Britain in 1826. Inland colonization led to further conflict between European settlers and indigenous Australians, which cost the lives of thousands of natives. Inward expansion also saw the discovery of many natural resources, and most notably led to the gold rushes of the 1850s, which attracted substantial numbers of Chinese migrants to Australia. This mass migration from non-European countries eventually led to some restrictive policies being introduced, culminating with the White Australia Policy of 1901, which cemented ethnic-European dominance in Australian politics and society. These policies were not retracted until the second half of the 1900s. Independent Australia Australia changed its status to a British dominion in 1901, and eventually became independent in 1931. Despite this, Australia has remained a part of the British Commonwealth, and Australian forces (ANZAC) fought with the British and their Allies in both World Wars, and were instrumental in campaigns such as Gallipoli in WWI, and the South West Pacific Theater in WWII. The aftermath of both wars had a significant impact on the Australian population, with approximately 90 thousand deaths in both world wars combined, as well as 15 thousand deaths as a result of the Spanish flu pandemic following WWI, although Australia experienced a significant baby boom following the Second World War. In the past fifty years, Australia has promoted immigration from all over the world, and now has one of the strongest economies and highest living standards in the world, with a population that has grown to over 25 million people in 2020.

At the 2021 Australian census, 278,043 people in New South Wales were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. New South Wales is Australia’s most populated state, also housing Australia’s largest city, Sydney. By comparison, Australia’s second largest state, Victoria, was home to around 66 thousand Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

There are around 800,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, which represents just over three percent of the Australian population. Indigenous people are often referred to as Australia's first people or the traditional custodians of the land in recognition of their ancestors inhabiting Australia more than 60,000 years ago. Australia's Indigenous peoples are represented by two distinct groups. Aboriginal people come from the Australian mainland. Torres Strait Islander people inhabit the group of Islands between the northern tip of Queensland and Papua New Guinea and represent less than 40,000 people.

Closing the gap

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience significantly poorer health and wellbeing outcomes when compared to their non-Indigenous Australian counterparts. The average life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is around eight years shorter than that of the non-Indigenous population. In education, Indigenous Australians are also underrepresented, but attendance rates are improving and in 2019, full-time Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students numbered well over 200,000 people.

A preprint paper describing scenarios which generated this dataset can be accessed here: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06617. Please cite this work when using the dataset: S. L. Chang, C. Zachreson, O. M. Cliff, M. Prokopenko, Simulating transmission scenarios of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Australia, arXiv: 2107.06617, 2021.

Abstract. An outbreak of the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant of SARS-CoV-2 that began around mid-June 2021 in Sydney, Australia, quickly developed into a nation-wide epidemic. The ongoing epidemic is of major concern as the Delta variant is more infectious than previous variants that circulated in Australia in 2020. Using a re-calibrated agent-based model, we explored a feasible range of non-pharmaceutical interventions, including case isolation, home quarantine, school closures, and stay-at-home restrictions (i.e., "social distancing"). Our modelling indicated that the levels of reduced interactions in workplaces and across communities attained in Sydney and other parts of the nation were inadequate for controlling the outbreak. A counter-factual analysis suggested that if 70% of the population followed tight stay-at-home restrictions, then at least 45 days would have been needed for new daily cases to fall from their peak to below ten per day. Our model successfully predicted that, under a progressive vaccination rollout, if 40-50% of the Australian population follow stay-at-home restrictions, the incidence will peak by mid-October 2021. We also quantified an expected burden on the healthcare system and potential fatalities across Australia.

The AMTraC-19 source code (v7.7d) is released on Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/record/5778218

Australia's café and restaurant scene continues to thrive, with New South Wales leading the way with over 19,225 establishments in operation at the end of the 2024 financial year. The second-leading state in terms of the number of cafés and restaurants was Victoria. As Australia's two largest states in terms of population, the concentration of food service establishments in New South Wales and Victoria mirrors Australia's population distribution, reflecting the urban-centric nature of the country's café and restaurant landscape. Gastronomy: a key economic sector In recent years, the number of cafés and restaurants throughout the country has shown relatively consistent growth, exceeding 55,700 in the 2024 financial year, up from approximately 41,570 in 2017. Australia's cafés, restaurants, and takeaway food services turnover experienced steady annual increases for many years up until the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, since 2021, the industry's revenue has been on the recovery, hitting a record of over 65 billion Australian dollars in 2024. Additionally, food services represent a key source of gross value added to the tourism industry. An added boost from coffee Coffee plays an important role in the Australian food service sector, with the beverage topping the list of regularly consumed drinks among Australians in a 2024 survey. Several international chains like McCafé operate alongside popular domestic coffee franchises, including The Coffee Club, in the country. Alongside this, the country's annual domestic coffee consumption remains robust, consistently exceeding two million sixty-kilogram bags in recent years, underscoring the enduring nature of Australia's coffee culture. Nonetheless, recent cost-of-living pressures have led to a shift in consumer behavior, with more Australians opting to brew their coffee at home.

As of January 2023, the total number of registered vehicles in Australia was more than 21 million. That year, the number of passenger vehicles in Australia amounted to approximately 15.33 million. Light commercial vehicles, which accounted for about 3.95 million, came next. Vehicle industry in Australia In recent times, Australia's automotive sector has experienced notable transformations. Global trends are reflected in the market's increasing popularity of SUVs and electric automobiles. Australia saw 8,688 electric car sales in the first half of 2021, demonstrating an impressive level of resilience in electric vehicle sales in the face of the ongoing worldwide coronavirus pandemic and overall trends in new vehicle sales. Furthermore, environmental concerns have impacted the car industry, resulting in an increased emphasis on emission limits and the integration of cleaner technologies. Projected car emissions in Australia are expected to decrease from approximately 43 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030 to 38 million in 2035. Overall, transport emissions are also set to slightly decrease from 103 million metric tons in 2030 to 99 million in 2035. Australian electric vehicle sector For several reasons, the switch to electric vehicles has been gaining popularity in Australia. Many people are choosing electric vehicles as they become more aware of their carbon footprint and want to lessen their reliance on fossil fuels and air pollution. The increasing availability of charging infrastructure across the country also makes EVs a practical and viable option for many Australians. Investments in public electric vehicle charging infrastructure persist, and the number of charging stations has experienced substantial growth since 2020.