In June 2022, it was estimated that around 7.3 percent of Australians were aged between 25 and 29, and the same applied to people aged between 30 and 34. All in all, about 55 percent of Australia’s population was aged 35 years or older as of June 2022. At the same time, the age distribution of the country also shows that the share of children under 14 years old was still higher than that of people over 65 years old. A breakdown of Australia’s population growth Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world, yet with a population of around 26 million inhabitants, it is only sparsely populated. Since the 1970s, the population growth of Australia has remained fairly constant. While there was a slight rise in the Australian death rate in 2022, the birth rate of the country decreased after a slight rise in the previous year. The fact that the birth rate is almost double the size of its death rate gives the country one of the highest natural population growth rates of any high-income country.
National distribution of the population Australia’s population is expected to surpass 28 million people by 2028. The majority of its inhabitants live in the major cities. The most populated states are New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland. Together, they account for over 75 percent of the population in Australia.

Sydney is a city with a population of 4,255,212 and lies in the 1500-3000 (Medium) density category. The city has an area of 1662.71 km² with a total green space of 41% and a tree coverage of 34%. The city lies in the South Temperate Zone of the world. The city has improved its Percentage of urban area covered by trees when compared to Global Average and also improved its Urban green space per capita when compared to previous year. Kudos to Sydney for being the top ranker within East, Southeast Asia and Oceania.

Due to Australia’s size and relatively low population density, domestic travel for a holiday, business, or visiting family and friends often involves long hours of driving or a domestic airline flight. Nevertheless, in the year ended December 2024, Australians spent millions of nights away from home on domestic travel trips, with the strongest accommodation preference being staying with friends or relatives. The second most popular choice of accommodation was at a hotel, resort, motel, or motor inn. Urban centers and surfing spots dominate While Australians enjoy diverse accommodation options, their choice of destinations focuses on major cities and beloved coastal areas. Sydney emerged as the top destination for domestic overnight visitors in 2024, attracting over **** million people. Melbourne and Brisbane also proved popular, along with renowned beach and surfing locations along New South Wales' North and South Coast. Interestingly, Melbourne outpaced Sydney in terms of visitor expenditure, with domestic overnight tourists spending over **** billion Australian dollars in the Victorian capital compared to **** billion in Sydney. Domestic travel motivations The primary motivation for domestic overnight travel in Australia was to go on holiday, accounting for almost ** million trips in 2024. The city of Melbourne snatched Sydney's crown for the second year running as the most popular holiday or leisure destination, with Sydney the previous winner in 2022. Visiting family or friends was the next most common reason for domestic overnight travel, with around ** million trips taken. Business trips came in third, followed by uncategorized visit purposes.

The Australian used car market, valued at $69.90 million in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.12% from 2025 to 2033. This surge is driven by several factors. Firstly, increasing affordability compared to new vehicles makes used cars a more accessible option for a wider range of buyers, particularly younger demographics and budget-conscious consumers. Secondly, the rising popularity of online marketplaces like Gumtree and Carsales.com.au has streamlined the buying and selling process, boosting market transparency and facilitating quicker transactions. Furthermore, the growing preference for SUVs and multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs) is shaping market segmentation, with these categories experiencing disproportionately high demand. However, challenges exist. Fluctuations in fuel prices and the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) could influence buyer preferences in the coming years. Moreover, stringent vehicle inspection regulations and concerns regarding vehicle history could act as restraints on market expansion. The market's diverse structure, encompassing organized dealerships alongside informal sales channels, further contributes to its dynamic nature. Organized dealerships benefit from established reputations and warranties, while the unorganized sector offers potentially lower prices. The market's regional distribution likely mirrors Australia's population density, with major cities like Sydney and Melbourne contributing significantly to overall sales. While precise regional breakdowns are unavailable, the provided global regional segmentation suggests a concentration within Australia's urban centers. Future growth will depend on managing the evolving landscape of consumer preferences, addressing concerns regarding vehicle quality and transparency, and adapting to the ongoing transition towards sustainable mobility solutions. Further research into specific vehicle types, online versus offline sales channels, and regional variations within Australia would provide more granular insights into the market's intricacies and growth potential. The ongoing influence of economic factors like interest rates and consumer confidence will play a crucial role in shaping the market's trajectory in the coming years. This report provides a detailed analysis of the Australian used car market, encompassing historical data (2019-2024), current estimations (2025), and future forecasts (2025-2033). It offers invaluable insights for businesses and investors navigating this dynamic sector. With a focus on key segments like petrol, diesel, and electric vehicles, the report leverages high-search-volume keywords such as "used cars Australia," "second hand car market Australia," "pre-owned car prices Australia," and "Australian used car industry report" to maximize online visibility. Recent developments include: March 2023: Hyundai Australia announced that it has begun selling used Ioniq 5 models on its company’s website, beginning with 23 vehicles initially., May 2023: Sojitz Corporation acquired full ownership of Albert Automotive Holdings Pty Ltd, which operates a wholesale and retail used car business as part of Dutton Group.. Key drivers for this market are: Quality Assurance is Driving Market Growth in the Country. Potential restraints include: Trust and Transparency in Used Car Remained a Key Challenge for Consumers. Notable trends are: The Online Sales Channel Segment is Expected to be the Fastest Growing Segment Between 2024 and 2029.

This is a dataset comprising the outputs and metadata for quantifying groundwater recharge in the NSW coalfields (Sydney, Gunnedah and Gloucester basins) and a wider area of study (Sydney basins, Great Artesian Basin groundwater system.)

In addition to the outputs contained in this dataset, machine learning scripts relevant to upscaling methods have been included. A sub-directory is also included containing relevant metadata records for source data used in the projects.

The data was produced to fulfil one internal project (EP 2022-2355, Interchange) and two external projects (EP 2022-1381, ACARP; EP 2022-1715, Geoscience Australia)

Interchange - CSIRO Report EP 2022-2355: The work synthesises the outcomes of three projects. The Australian Coal Association project C33037 predominantly covered the Sydney, Gunnedah and Gloucester basins, and is the subject of CSIRO report EP2022-1381 (A. Wilkins et al., 2022). The Geoscience Australia project predominantly covered the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), particularly the intake beds, and is the subject of CSIRO report EP2022-1715 (R. S. Crosbie et al., 2022). CSIRO’s Interchange project funded the remainder of the work, including creating a consistent, novel methodology and tying together results from the other two projects (see below.)

ACARP - CSIRO Report EP2022-1381 This report presents the results of the research work carried out under the Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) project C33037 entitled “Quantifying recharge to groundwater systems in the NSW and Bowen Basin coalfields”. At the project kick-off meeting, it was decided by the monitors and researchers to focus on the NSW coalfields only, so this report discusses results for the Sydney, Gunnedah and Gloucester basins only. The purpose of this project is to estimate the rate of diffuse recharge via rainfall to groundwater systems. The rate of recharge (usually measured in mm/year) is a key ingredient to mines’ environmental impact assessments.

Geoscience Australia - CSIRO Report EP2022-1715 This report presents the results of the research work performed under a Geoscience Australia – CSIRO collaboration to calculate diffuse rainfall recharge to the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) groundwater system, with particular focus on the intake beds. Lineage: 1) Characteristics of the study area: Assessment of various features of the study area, including: basin extent, water resources, hydrostratigraphic surface geology, regolith depth, proportion of soil types (sand, silt, clay), topography (MrVBF, elevation), average rainfall, potential and actual evapotranspiration, aridity index, population density, vegetation (NDVI, LAI, vegetation height.)

Many of these features are used to upscale point-scale estimates of recharge obtained in observation boreholes to grids over the whole study area.

2) Methodology: The methods used for this study is similar to the Bioregional Assessments (Russell S. Crosbie, Peeters, Herron, McVicar, & Herr, 2018) and Geological and Bioregional Assessment Projects (Russell S. Crosbie & Rachakonda, 2021) and included three steps:

a) Estimate recharge using CMB method b) Regression kriging and upscaling c) Evaluation and uncertainty