Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Sydney, Australia metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Humans have been living on the continent of Australia (name derived from "Terra Australis"; Latin for "the southern land") for approximately 65,000 years, however population growth was relatively slow until the nineteenth century. Europeans had made some contact with Australia as early as 1606, however there was no significant attempt at settlement until the late eighteenth century. By 1800, the population of Australia was approximately 350,000 people, and the majority of these were Indigenous Australians. As colonization progressed the number of ethnic Europeans increased while the Australian Aboriginal population was decimated through conflict, smallpox and other diseases, with some communities being exterminated completely, such as Aboriginal Tasmanians. Mass migration from Britain and China After the loss of its American colonies in the 1780s, the British Empire looked to other parts of the globe to expand its sphere of influence. In Australia, the first colonies were established in Sydney, Tasmania and Western Australia. Many of these were penal colonies which became home to approximately 164,000 British and Irish convicts who were transported to Australia between 1788 and 1868. As the decades progressed, expansion into the interior intensified, and the entire country was claimed by Britain in 1826. Inland colonization led to further conflict between European settlers and indigenous Australians, which cost the lives of thousands of natives. Inward expansion also saw the discovery of many natural resources, and most notably led to the gold rushes of the 1850s, which attracted substantial numbers of Chinese migrants to Australia. This mass migration from non-European countries eventually led to some restrictive policies being introduced, culminating with the White Australia Policy of 1901, which cemented ethnic-European dominance in Australian politics and society. These policies were not retracted until the second half of the 1900s. Independent Australia Australia changed its status to a British dominion in 1901, and eventually became independent in 1931. Despite this, Australia has remained a part of the British Commonwealth, and Australian forces (ANZAC) fought with the British and their Allies in both World Wars, and were instrumental in campaigns such as Gallipoli in WWI, and the South West Pacific Theater in WWII. The aftermath of both wars had a significant impact on the Australian population, with approximately 90 thousand deaths in both world wars combined, as well as 15 thousand deaths as a result of the Spanish flu pandemic following WWI, although Australia experienced a significant baby boom following the Second World War. In the past fifty years, Australia has promoted immigration from all over the world, and now has one of the strongest economies and highest living standards in the world, with a population that has grown to over 25 million people in 2020.

Transport for NSW provides projections of population and dwellings at the small area (Travel Zone or TZ) level for NSW. The latest version is Travel Zone Projections 2024 (TZP24), released in January 2025.

TZP24 replaces the previously published TZP22.

The projections are developed to support a strategic view of NSW and are aligned with the NSW Government Common Planning Assumptions.

The TZP24 Population & Dwellings Projections dataset covers the following variables:

• Estimated Resident Population

• Structural Private Dwellings (Regional NSW only)

• Population in Occupied Private Dwellings, by 5-year Age categories & by Sex

• Population in Non-Private Dwellings

The projections in this release, TZP24, are presented annually from 2021 to 2031 and 5-yearly from 2031 to 2066, and are in TZ21 geography.

Please note, TZP24 is based on best available data as at early 2024, and the projections incorporate results of the National Census conducted by the ABS in August 2021.

Key Data Inputs used in TZP24:

• 2024 NSW Population Projections – NSW Department of Planning, Housing & Infrastructure

• 2021 Census data - Australian Bureau of Statistics (including dwellings by occupancy, total dwellings by Mesh Block, household sizes, private dwellings by occupancy, population age and gender, persons by place of usual residence)

For a summary of the TZP24 projection method please refer to the TZP24 Factsheet.

For more detail on the projection process please refer to the TZP24 Technical Guide.

Additional land use information for workforce and employment as well as Travel Zone 2021 boundaries for NSW (TZ21) and concordance files are also available for download on the Open Data Hub.

Visualisations of the population projections are available on the Transport for NSW Website under Data and research/Reference Information.

Cautions

The TZP24 dataset represents one view of the future aligned with the NSW Government Common Planning Assumptions and population and employment projections.

The projections are not based on specific assumptions about future new transport infrastructure but do take into account known land-use developments underway or planned, and strategic plans.

• TZP24 is a strategic state-wide dataset and caution should be exercised when considering results at detailed breakdowns.

• The TZP24 outputs represent a point in time set of projections (as at early 2024).

• The projections are not government targets.

• Travel Zone (TZ) level outputs are projections only and should be used as a guide. As with all small area data, aggregating of travel zone projections to higher geographies leads to more robust results.

• As a general rule, TZ-level projections are illustrative of a possible future only.

• More specific advice about data reliability for the specific variables projected is provided in the “Read Me” page of the Excel format summary spreadsheets on the TfNSW Open Data Hub.

• Caution is advised when comparing TZP24 with the previous set of projections (TZP22) due to addition of new data sources for the most recent years, and adjustments to methodology.

Further cautions and notes can be found in the TZP24 Technical Guide

Important note:

The Department of Planning, Housing & Infrastructure (DPHI) published the 2024 NSW Population Projections in November 2024. As per DPHI’s published projections, the following variables are excluded from the published TZP24 Population and Dwellings Projections:

• Structural Private Dwellings for Travel Zones in 43 councils across Greater Sydney, Illawarra-Shoalhaven, Central Coast, Lower Hunter and Greater Newcastle

• Occupied Private Dwellings for Travel Zones in NSW.

Furthermore, in TZP24, the Structural Private Dwellings variable aligns with the 2024 Implied Dwelling projections while the Occupied Private Dwellings variable aligns with the 2024 Households projections at SA2 level prepared by DPHI.

The above variables are available upon request by contacting model.selection@transport.nsw.gov.au - Attention Place Forecasting.

In June 2022, it was estimated that around 7.3 percent of Australians were aged between 25 and 29, and the same applied to people aged between 30 and 34. All in all, about 55 percent of Australia’s population was aged 35 years or older as of June 2022. At the same time, the age distribution of the country also shows that the share of children under 14 years old was still higher than that of people over 65 years old. A breakdown of Australia’s population growth Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world, yet with a population of around 26 million inhabitants, it is only sparsely populated. Since the 1970s, the population growth of Australia has remained fairly constant. While there was a slight rise in the Australian death rate in 2022, the birth rate of the country decreased after a slight rise in the previous year. The fact that the birth rate is almost double the size of its death rate gives the country one of the highest natural population growth rates of any high-income country.
National distribution of the population Australia’s population is expected to surpass 28 million people by 2028. The majority of its inhabitants live in the major cities. The most populated states are New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland. Together, they account for over 75 percent of the population in Australia.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for Hampden-Sydney, VA, US including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

The median age indicates the age separating the population group into two halves of equal size.

This map shows population and land use in Sydney and the County of Cumberland. It was prepared by the Department of Main Roads.

The scale is 1 mile = 1 inch. The map is in two parts.


(SR Map Nos.52693-94). 2 sheets.

Note:
This description is extracted from Concise Guide to the State Archives of New South Wales, 3rd Edition 2000.

Comprehensive demographic dataset for Sydney's Place, Chelsea, AL, US including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

The median income indicates the income bracket separating the income earners into two halves of equal size.

Transport Performance and Analytics (TPA) provides projections of workforce at the small area (Travel Zone or TZ) level for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA).

The GMA includes the Sydney Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA), the Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven SA4, Illawarra SA4, Newcastle and Lake Macquarie SA4, and Lower Hunter, Port Stephens, and Maitland SA3s, as defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). TPA workforce projections are five-yearly, from 2011 to 2056 and relate to usual residents of the GMA aged 15 years and over who are employed. They are estimates of employed people based on where they reside. TPA also produces employment projections based on the workplace or job location. They refer to persons aged 15 years and over, working in the GMA regardless of their place of usual residence. The majority of the persons employed in the GMA also reside in the GMA.

Factors considered in the estimation of workforce projections include: population by age and gender; participation rates; unemployment rates; historical labour force data; past trends of employment in each industry and the forecasts of industry growth or decline in each region.

Age-sex charts emphasize the gap between the numbers of males and females at a specific age group. It also illustrates the age and gender trends across all age and gender groupings. A top heavy chart describes a very young population while a bottom heavy chart illustrates an aging population.

As of October 2024, around ****** Japanese residents lived in Sydney, marking ***** consecutive years of growth. Australia was one of the countries with the highest number of Japanese residents.

Australia real estate market value reached around USD 136.50 Billion in 2024, driven by robust demand for residential properties. Recovering of economy has led to a surge in housing demand, particularly in major cities like Sydney, Brisbane, and Perth, where property values have reached record highs. Additionally, low interest rates and favourable lending conditions have made homeownership more accessible, further fuelling market activity. As a result, the industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.60% during the forecast period of 2025-2034 to attain a value of USD 194.42 Billion by 2034. Government incentives and infrastructure developments are also expected to stimulate investment in real estate.

The marital status is another term for civil status, or person's current relationship with a partner.

Discover the booming Australian commercial real estate market! Projected to reach $69.55B by 2033 with an 8.46% CAGR, driven by strong population growth and e-commerce. Analyze market trends, key players (Mirvac, Lendlease, Stockland), and investment opportunities across Sydney, Melbourne, and other major cities. Key drivers for this market are: Rapid Urbanization, Government Initiatives Actively promoting the Construction Activities. Potential restraints include: Shortage of Skilled Labor, Supply chain issues and rising material costs. Notable trends are: Retail real estate is expected to drive the market.

This statistic shows the share of ethnic groups in Australia in the total population. 33 percent of the total population of Australia are english. Australia’s population Australia’s ethnic diversity can be attributed to their history and location. The country’s colonization from Europeans is a significant reason for the majority of its population being Caucasian. Additionally, being that Australia is one of the most developed countries closest to Eastern Asia; its Asian population comes as no surprise. Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries, often earning recognition as one of the world’s economical leaders. With a more recent economic boom, Australia has become an attractive country for students and workers alike, who seek an opportunity to improve their lifestyle. Over the past decade, Australia’s population has slowly increased and is expected to continue to do so over the next several years. A beautiful landscape, many work opportunities and a high quality of life helped play a role in the country’s development. In 2011, Australia was considered to have one of the highest life expectancies in the world, with the average Australian living to approximately 82 years of age. From an employment standpoint, Australia has maintained a rather low employment rate compared to many other developed countries. After experiencing a significant jump in unemployment in 2009, primarily due to the world economic crisis, Australia has been able to remain stable and slightly increase employment year-over-year.

The rent price index in Australia in the first quarter of 2025 was *****, marking an increase from the same quarter of the previous year. Rent prices had decreased in 2020; in Melbourne and Sydney, this was mainly attributed to the absence of international students during the coronavirus outbreak. The current state of the rental market in Australia The rental market in Australia has been marked by varying conditions across different regions. Among the capital cities, Sydney has long been recognized for having some of the highest average rents. As of March 2025, the average weekly rent for a house in Sydney was *** Australian dollars, which was the highest average rent across all major cities in Australia that year. Furthermore, due to factors like population growth and housing demand, regional areas have also seen noticeable increases in rental prices. For instance, households in the non-metropolitan area of New South Wales’ expenditure on rent was around ** percent of their household income in the year ending June 2024. Housing affordability in Australia Housing affordability remains a significant challenge in Australia, contributing to a trend where many individuals and families rent for prolonged periods. The underlying cause of this issue is the ongoing disparity between household wages and housing costs, especially in large cities. While renting offers several advantages, it is worth noting that the associated costs may not always align with the expectation of affordability. Approximately one-third of participants in a recent survey stated that they pay between ** and ** percent of their monthly income on rent. Recent government initiatives, such as the 2024 Help to Buy scheme, aim to make it easier for people across Australia to get onto the property ladder. Still, the multifaceted nature of Australia’s housing affordability problem requires continued efforts to strike a balance between market dynamics and the need for accessible housing options for Australians.

Data files and R code supporting "How does a widespread reef coral maintain a population in an isolated environment?" at https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12537

Phosphorus is an essential element for food production whose main global sources are becoming scarce and expensive. Furthermore, losses of phosphorus throughout the food production chain can also cause serious aquatic pollution. Recycling urban organic waste resources high in phosphorus could simultaneously address scarcity concerns for agricultural producers who reply on phosphorus fertilisers, and waste managers seeking to divert waste from landfills to decrease environmental burdens. Recycling phosphorus back to agricultural lands however requires careful logistical planning to maximize benefits and minimize costs including, processing and transportation. The first step towards such analyses is quantifying recycling potential in a spatially-explicit way. Here we present such inventories and scenarios for the Greater Sydney Basin's recyclable phosphorus supply and agricultural demand. In 2011, there was fifteen times more phosphorus available in organic waste than agricultural demand for phosphorus in Sydney. Hypothetically, if future city residents shifted to a plant-based diet, eliminated edible food waste, and removed animal production in the Greater Sydney Basin, available phosphorus supply would decrease to 7.25 kt of phosphorus per year, even when accounting for population growth by 2031, and demand would also decrease to 0.40 kt of phosphorus per year. Creating a circular phosphorus economy for Sydney, in all scenarios considered, would require effective recycling strategies which include transport outside of the Greater Sydney Basin. These spatially explicit scenarios can be used as a tool to facilitate stakeholders engagement to identify opportunities and barriers for appropriate organic waste recycling strategies.

The Australian luxury residential property market, valued at $23.88 billion in 2025, is poised for robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.75% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Strong economic performance in key cities like Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane, coupled with a burgeoning high-net-worth individual (HNWI) population, continues to underpin demand for premium properties. Furthermore, a limited supply of luxury housing stock in prime locations, combined with increasing preference for spacious, high-amenity homes, particularly villas and landed houses, contributes to sustained price appreciation. While rising interest rates present a potential restraint, the resilience of the luxury market segment, driven by wealthier buyers less susceptible to interest rate fluctuations, is expected to mitigate this effect. The market is segmented by property type (apartments/condominiums versus villas/landed houses) and location, with Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane dominating market share, reflecting their established luxury real estate markets and strong economic activity. Prominent developers like Metricon Homes, James Michael Homes, and others cater to this discerning clientele, offering bespoke designs and high-end finishes. The sustained growth trajectory indicates a promising outlook for investors and developers alike, although careful consideration of macroeconomic factors and regulatory changes will remain crucial. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates consistent market expansion, driven by ongoing demand from both domestic and international high-net-worth individuals. While the "Other Cities" segment demonstrates potential for growth, Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane are likely to maintain their dominant positions due to existing infrastructure, established luxury markets, and lifestyle appeal. The preference for villas and landed houses is expected to remain strong, reflecting a shift towards larger properties with increased privacy and outdoor space. However, the market will likely see some adjustments in response to economic conditions, including potential shifts in buyer preferences and developer strategies to meet evolving market demands. Maintaining a keen understanding of these dynamics will be critical for navigating the complexities of this dynamic market. Recent developments include: August 2023: Sydney-based boutique developer Made Property laid plans for a new apartment project along Sydney Harbour amid sustained demand for luxury waterfront properties. The Corsa Mortlake development, positioned on Majors Bay in the harbor city’s inner west, will deliver 20 three-bedroom apartments offering house-sized living spaces and ready access to a 23-berth marina accommodating yachts up to 20 meters. With development approval secured for the project, the company is moving quickly to construction. Made Property expects construction to be completed in late 2025., September 2023: A luxurious collection of private apartment residences planned for a prime double beachfront site in North Burleigh was released to the market for the first time with the official launch of ultra-premium apartment development Burly Residences, being delivered by leading Australian developer David Devine and his team at DD Living. The first stage of Burly Residences released to the market includes prestigious two and three-bedroom apartments – with or without multipurpose rooms – and four-bedroom plus multipurpose room apartments that deliver luxury and space with expansive ocean and beach views.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increasing Number of High Net-Worth Individuals (HNWIs). Potential restraints include: 4., Increasing Number of High Net-Worth Individuals (HNWIs). Notable trends are: Ultra High Net Worth Population Driving the Demand for Prime Properties.