This dataset contains taxanomic and neuropil volume measurements of wild caught heliconiine butterflies, as well as kenyon cell and synapse counts in the mushroom body calyx of insectory -reared heliconiine butterflies. Wild caught butterflies were sampled from five locations in Central and South America between 2012 and 2016. Locations included Costa Rica, Panama, French Guiana, Ecuador, and Peru. These locations covered a range of habitats from dry to wet forest, at elevations from sea level to 2500m. Interspecific data from wild caught individuals include identification to a species level, sex, and body size, as well as volume measurements of the mushroom body structures, central brain, medulla, and antennal lobe. Measurements of mushroom body calyx volume, and estimates of Kenyon cell and synapse counts are included for six species of insectary-reared adult heliconiine butterflies (Agraulis vanilla, dryas iulia, eueides Isabella, heliconius melpmonene, heliconius Hortense, heliconius hecale). Two species (dryas iulia, heliconius charthonia) were also sampled for microglomeruli counts. This dataset was created as part of a NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/N014936/1, to analyse the evolutionary expansions in mushroom body size in Heliconius butterflies, compared to their closest relatives.

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on January 9, 2023. Connectomes repository to facilitate the analysis of connectome data by providing a unified front for connectomics research. With a focus on Electron Microscopy (EM) data and various forms of Magnetic Resonance (MR) data, the project aims to make state-of-the-art neuroscience open to anybody with computer access, regardless of knowledge, training, background, etc. Open science means open to view, play, analyze, contribute, anything. Access to high resolution neuroanatomical images that can be used to explore connectomes and programmatic access to this data for human and machine annotation are provided, with a long-term goal of reconstructing the neural circuits comprising an entire brain. This project aims to bring the most state-of-the-art scientific data in the world to the hands of anybody with internet access, so collectively, we can begin to unravel connectomes. Services: * Data Hosting - Their Bruster (brain-cluster) is large enough to store nearly any modern connectome data set. Contact them to make your data available to others for any purpose, including gaining access to state-of-the-art analysis and machine vision pipelines. * Web Viewing - Collaborative Annotation Toolkit for Massive Amounts of Image Data (CATMAID) is designed to navigate, share and collaboratively annotate massive image data sets of biological specimens. The interface is inspired by Google Maps, enhanced to allow the exploration of 3D image data. View the fork of the code or go directly to view the data. * Volume Cutout Service - RESTful API that enables you to select any arbitrary volume of the 3d database (3ddb), and receive a link to download an HDF5 file (for matlab, C, C++, or C#) or a NumPy pickle (for python). Use some other programming language? Just let them know. * Annotation Database - Spatially co-registered volumetric annotations are compactly stored for efficient queries such as: find all synapses, or which neurons synapse onto this one. Create your own annotations or browse others. *Sample Downloads - In addition to being able to select arbitrary downloads from the datasets, they have also collected a few choice volumes of interest. * Volume Viewer - A web and GPU enabled stand-alone app for viewing volumes at arbitrary cutting planes and zoom levels. The code and program can be downloaded. * Machine Vision Pipeline - They are building a machine vision pipeline that pulls volumes from the 3ddb and outputs neural circuits. - a work in progress. As soon as we have a stable version, it will be released. * Mr. Cap - The Magnetic Resonance Connectome Automated Pipeline (Mr. Cap) is built on JIST/MIPAV for high-throughput estimation of connectomes from diffusion and structural imaging data. * Graph Invariant Computation - Upload your graphs or streamlines, and download some invariants. * iPad App - WholeSlide is an iPad app that accesses utilizes our open data and API to serve images on the go.

How synapses change molecularly during the lifespan and across all brain circuits is unknown. We analyzed the protein composition of billions of individual synapses from birth to old age on a brain-wide scale in the mouse, revealing a program of changes in the lifespan synaptome architecture spanning individual dendrites to the systems level. Three major phases were uncovered, corresponding to human childhood, adulthood and old age. An arching trajectory of synaptome architecture drives the differentiation and specialization of brain regions to a peak in young adults before dedifferentiation returns the brain to a juvenile state. This trajectory underscores changing network organization and hippocampal physiology that may account for lifespan transitions in intellectual ability and memory, and the onset of behavioral disorders. # Note re dataset title # At the request of the journal publisher, the title of this dataset was updated to 'Mouse Lifespan Synaptome Atlas dataset'. Previous titles of this dataset: * 'Raw data from individual synapses across the mouse brain from birth to 18 months. This dataset was previously titled - Synaptome data with individual synapse parameters, types and subtypes for 10 representative sagittal mouse brain sections across the lifespan' # Note re file download # There is a known issue in Chrome and Microsoft Edge which can cause .bz2 files to download in a corrupted form, where the browser renames the file .zip but the zip file is unusable. If this is affecting you please use a different browser.

DenseVNet Multi-organ Segmentation on Abdominal CT

This dataset includes the multi-organ abdominal CT reference segmentations publicly released in conjunction with the IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging paper "Automatic Multi-organ Segmentation on Abdominal CT with Dense V-networks" [1].

The data comprises reference segmentations for 90 abdominal CT images delineating multiple organs: the spleen, left kidney, gallbladder, esophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas and duodenum.

The abdominal CT images and some of the reference segmentations were drawn from two data sets: The Cancer Image Archive (TCIA) Pancreas-CT data set [2-4] and the Beyond the Cranial Vault (BTCV) Abdomen data set [5-6]. The Pancreas-CT data set comprises abdominal CT acquired at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center from pre-nephrectomy healthy kidney donors or patients with neither major abdominal pathologies nor pancreatic cancer lesions. Segmentations of the pancreas are included with this data set; images were manually labeled slice-by-slice by a medical student, and verified/modified by an experienced radiologist. The BTCV data set comprises abdominal CT acquired at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center from metastatic liver cancer patients or post-operative ventral hernia patients. Segmentations of the spleen, right and left kidney, gallbladder, esophagus, liver, stomach, aorta, inferior vena cava, portal vein and splenic vein, pancreas, right adrenal gland, left adrenal gland are included in this data set; images were manually labeled by two experienced undergraduate students, and verified by a radiologist on a volumetric basis using the MIPAV software.

Segmentations that were not present in the original data sets were performed interactively using Matlab 2015b and ITK-SNAP 3.2 by an image research fellow under the supervision of a board-certified radiologist with 8 years of experience in gastrointestinal CT and MRI image interpretation. Segmentations that were present in the original data sets were edited to ensure a consistent segmentation protocol across the data set.

Terms of use

The terms of use of this data set include the terms of use of both the TCIA Pancreas-CT data set (see tabs for data links and terms of use) and the Beyond the Cranial Vault (BTCV) Abdomen data set (terms of use; after registration, you can access the data). If you use these reference segmentations, please cite the above manuscript and the references below. Because these data include manual segmentations of images from the Beyond the Cranial Vault challenge test data, they may not be used to develop submissions for the challenge.

References

[1] Gibson E, Giganti F, Hu Y, Bonmati E, Bandula S, Gurusamy K, Davidson B, Pereira SP, Clarkson MJ, Barratt DC. Automatic multi-organ segmentation on abdominal CT with dense v-networks. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2018.

[2] Roth HR, Farag A, Turkbey EB, Lu L, Liu J, and Summers RM. (2016). Data From Pancreas-CT. The Cancer Imaging Archive. http://doi.org/10.7937/K9/TCIA.2016.tNB1kqBU

[3] Roth HR, Lu L, Farag A, Shin H-C, Liu J, Turkbey EB, Summers RM. DeepOrgan: Multi-level Deep Convolutional Networks for Automated Pancreas Segmentation. N. Navab et al. (Eds.): MICCAI 2015, Part I, LNCS 9349, pp. 556–564, 2015. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.06448.pdf

[4] Clark K, Vendt B, Smith K, Freymann J, Kirby J, Koppel P, Moore S, Phillips S, Maffitt D, Pringle M, Tarbox L, Prior F. The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA): Maintaining and Operating a Public Information Repository, Journal of Digital Imaging, Volume 26, Number 6, December, 2013, pp 1045-1057. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-013-9622-7

[5] Xu Z, Lee CP, Heinrich MP, Modat M, Rueckert D, Ourselin S, Abramson RG, and Landman BA, "Evaluation of six registration methods for the human abdomen on clinically acquired CT," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 1563–1572, 2016.http://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2016.2574816

[6] Landman BA, Xu Z, Igelsias JE, Styner M, Langerak TR, and Klein A, "MICCAI multi-atlas labeling beyond the cranial vault - workshop and challenge," 2015, https://doi.org/10.7303/syn3193805

File format Labels are in NIfTI format with the following label definitions. Labels marked with * are only available in the BTCV data set.

1. spleen
2. right kidney*
3. left kidney
4. gallbladder
5. esophagus
6. liver
7. stomach
8. aorta*
9. inferior vena cava*
10. portal vein and splenic vein*
11. pancreas
12. right adrenal gland*
13. left adrenal gland*
14. duodenum

Subjects included in the dataset

The data comprises segmentation volumes for 90 cases, and the cropping coordinates (cropping.csv) used in the manuscript. The abdominal CT can be obtained from the links above. The reference standard segmentations may be incomplete outside of the specified cropping region. The cases are listed by their subject identifiers in their original data set:

\(\begin{bmatrix} 1 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0002\\ 2 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0003\\ 3 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0004\\ 4 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0005\\ 5 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0006\\ 6 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0007\\ 7 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0008\\ 8 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0009\\ 9 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0010\\ 10 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0011\\ 11 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0012\\ 12 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0013\\ 13 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0014\\ 14 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0016\\ 15 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0017\\ 16 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0018\\ 17 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0019\\ 18 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0020\\ 19 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0021\\ 20 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0022\\ 21 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0024\\ 22 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0025\\ 23 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0026\\ 24 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0027\\ 25 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0028\\ 26 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0029\\ 27 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0030\\ 28 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0031\\ 29 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0032\\ 30 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0033\\ 31 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0034\\ 32 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0035\\ 33 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0038\\ 34 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0039\\ 35 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0040\\ 36 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0041\\ 37 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0042\\ 38 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0043\\ 39 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0044\\ 40 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0045\\ 41 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0046\\ 42 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0047\\ 43 & TCIA & Pancreas-CT & 0048\\ 44 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0001\\ 45 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0002\\ 46 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0003\\ 47 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0004\\ 48 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0005\\ 49 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0006\\ 50 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0007\\ 51 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0008\\ 52 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0009\\ 53 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0010\\ 54 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0021\\ 55 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0022\\ 56 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0023\\ 57 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0024\\ 58 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0025\\ 59 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0026\\ 60 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0027\\ 61 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0028\\ 62 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0029\\ 63 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0030\\ 64 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0031\\ 65 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0032\\ 66 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0033\\ 67 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0034\\ 68 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0035\\ 69 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0036\\ 70 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0037\\ 71 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0038\\ 72 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0039\\ 73 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0040\\ 74 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0061\\ 75 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0062\\ 76 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0063\\ 77 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0064\\ 78 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0065\\ 79 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0066\\ 80 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0067\\ 81 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0068\\ 82 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0069\\ 83 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0070\\ 84 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0074\\ 85 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0075\\ 86 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0076\\ 87 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0077\\ 88 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0078\\ 89 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0079\\ 90 & Synapse & BeyondTheCranialVault & 0080\\ \end{bmatrix}\)