Synop messages are used to report weather observations from fixed land weather stations. SYNOP (Surface synoptic observations) messages are text messages in a numeric code specified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organisation). Information on codes can be found here https://library.wmo.int/records/item/35713-manual-on-codes-international-codes-volume-i-1 There is also useful information on wikipedia here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNOP This page provides the last 24 hours of synop data.

The land based SYNOP messages measurements describe hourly observations from land stations distributed globally. The observations cumulate in around 60,000 reports a day, giving measurements of parameters such as wind speed and direction, maximum and minimum air temperature, sunshine duration, rainfall accumulation, and cloud type. The data are collected by observation stations worldwide and transmitted within the land SYNOP message.

Data are extracted from the Met Office's MetDB system before being sent to CEDA for archiving. These extractions occur at the 4 principal synoptic periods (00-06, 06-12, 12-18 and 18-00 UT).

The dataset contains a range of measurements including:

• Wind speed and wind direction
• Maximum and minimum air and grass temperature
• Horizontal and vertical visibility
• Snow depth
• Dew-point temperature
• Relative humidity
• 3 -hour pressure change
• Height and period of wind waves
• Cloud height and type
• Radiation in last 24 hours
• Maximum gust period
• Past and present weather
• Rainfall accumulation
• Precipitation amount
• Sunshine duration

The wind speed and vertical gust speed are given to the nearest metre per second, and the vertical gust acceleration to the nearest metre per second squared. The wind direction from which the wind blows is measured in Degrees (true). The entry for an east wind is 090, for a south wind it is 180 and so on clockwise. Note that zero values in both wind speed and wind direction fields indicate that there was no wind blowing at the time of observation.

The air temperature, grass temperature and dew-point temperature are measured in Kelvin.

The cloud height, visibility, snow depth, and wind-wave height are given in metres.

Sunshine duration is recorded over 24 hours and over one hour. For the former, the measurement is in hours, but for the latter the measurement is in minutes.

The past weather is recorded as a number between 0-9 which details what the weather has been like in the last 6 hours for observations at 00, 06, 12, 1800 UTC, the last 3 hours for observations at 03, 09, 15, 2100 UTC and the previous hour at any other times. The past weather is only recorded when a manual observation is done at the station.

The relative humidity is measured as a percentage.

Documentation and Links to further information and references (see linked documentation on this record): Some general information about surface station readings can be obtained from the abridged version of "MIDAS Data Users Guide", provided by the Met Office. This document describes the meteorological surface data in the Met Office Database - MIDAS. This guide is rich in information and is aimed at those with little familiarity with observing methods or instrumentation.

Details of the WMO Meteorological codes used at weather observing stations (daily and hourly weather) explain the codes used in this dataset further.

Meteorological synoptic messages. Published by Met Éireann. Available under the license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0).Synop messages are used to report weather observations from fixed land weather stations. SYNOP (Surface synoptic observations) messages are text messages in a numeric code specified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organisation). Information on codes can be found here https://library.wmo.int/records/item/35713-manual-on-codes-international-codes-volume-i-1 There is also useful information on wikipedia here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNOP This page provides the last 24 hours of synop data. ...

The ship based SYNOP messages measurements describe hourly observations from sea based stations (ships, rigs, platforms and moored buoys) distributed globally. The observations cumulate in around 10,000 reports a day, giving measurements of parameters such as wind speed and direction, maximum and minimum air temperature, sunshine duration, rainfall accumulation, and cloud type. The data are collected by observation stations worldwide and transmitted within the ship SYNOP message.

This data set includes the SYNOP surface meteorological observations from stations in the Lake Victoria region of Africa. SYNOP messages are typically sent every six hours. The data are in the SYNOP BUFR format.

The message collects surface SYNOP reports in BUFR format from land fixed automated weather stations of 0-20000-0-07181 (Nancy-Ochey). The station reports : Wind direction and Wind speed Air Temperature Relative Humidity Precipitation Pressure Horizontal visibility Soil temperature Current weather The ISMN TTAA data designators decode as : T1 (I) : Observational data (Binary codes) - BUFR, T2 (S) : Surface / sea level, A1 (M) : Main synoptic observations from fixed land stations, A2 (N) : northern hemisphere. (refer to WMO n°386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5)

The message collects surface SYNOP reports in BUFR format from land fixed automated weather stations of 0-20000-0-07140 (Chateaudun), 0-20000-0-07147 (Villacoublay), 0-20000-0-07247 (Romorantin), 0-20000-0-07249 (Orleans), 0-20000-0-07257 (Avord). The stations report : Wind direction and Wind speed Air Temperature Relative Humidity Precipitation Pressure Horizontal visibility Soil temperature Current weather Sunshine duration (most sites) Global sky radiation (not all sites) The ISIN TTAA data designators decode as : T1 (I) : Observational data (Binary codes) - BUFR, T2 (S) : Surface / sea level, A1 (I) : Intermediate synoptic observations from fixed land stations, A2 (N) : northern hemisphere. (refer to WMO n°386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5)

Observation data from international surface observation messages (SYNOP) circulating on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). Atmospheric parameters measured (temperature, humidity, wind direction and strength, atmospheric pressure, precipitation height) or observed (sensitive time, cloud description, visibility) from the Earth's surface. Depending on instrumentation and local specificities, other parameters may be available (snow height, soil condition, etc.)

Observation data from international surface observation messages (SYNOP) circulating on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). Atmospheric parameters measured (temperature, humidity, wind direction and strength, atmospheric pressure, precipitation height) or observed (sensitive time, cloud description, visibility) from the Earth's surface. Depending on instrumentation and local specificities, other parameters may be available (snow height, soil condition, etc.) The archives of this data are downloadable online since January 1996

Metropolitan and overseas

Frequency: 3 hours

Format: CSV

Observation data from international surface observation messages (SYNOP) circulating on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). Atmospheric parameters measured (temperature, humidity, wind direction and strength, atmospheric pressure, precipitation height) or observed (sensitive time, cloud description, visibility) from the Earth's surface. Depending on instrumentation and local specificities, other parameters may be available (snow height, soil condition, etc.)

The global marine meteorological observations data contains marine meteorological values, such as wave heights and periods, wind speed and direction, present weather, and air and sea temperature, measured during the hour ending at the stated date and time. The data is collected by worldwide observation stations and transmitted within the following message types: Ship SYNOP, which is also referred to as FM 13-IX SHIP, FM 18-X BUOY, Light Vessel, Marid, Marine logbooks, NAVY, OWS, PLAT/RIG, and VOF. In this dataset the different message types are all described by the SHIP message name. Data are available from 1854 to present.

The data consist of:

Offshore wind (speed and direction) Weather (present, past) Cloud (amount, type, base amount, base height) Pressure (mean sea level) Visibility Temperature (air, dew-point, wetbulb, sea) Relative humidity Wave (direction, period, height) Wind-wave (period, height) Swell (direction, -wave period, height) Ship direction and distance Maximum gust speed and period

The wind speed is given to the nearest knot, direction to the nearest 10 degrees, and the time of the maximum gust is given to the nearest 0.1 hour. The wind direction from which the wind blows, is measured in Degrees (true). The entry for an east wind is 090, for a south wind it is 180 and so on clockwise. Note that zero values in both wind speed and wind direction fields indicate that there was no wind blowing at the time of observation.

The temperature and dew point are given to the nearest 0.1 degree Celsius, the pressure is given to the nearest 0.1 hectopascal, the cloud base height and the visibility are given to the nearest decametre. Cloud amount is reported in oktas.

The past weather is recorded as a number between 0-9 which details what the weather has been like in the last 6 hours for observations at 00, 06, 12, 1800 UTC, the last 3 hours for observations at 03, 09, 15, 2100 UTC and the previous hour at any other times. The past weather is only recorded when a manual observation is done at the station.

Marine reports are defined by position (latitude and longitude) and by time. Duplicates can exist at a specified position and time, e.g. when ships are alongside for bunkering, so the identifier of the ship or buoy is part of the primary key of the entity.

A great many ships do not include a valid call sign in their reports; the call sign may be missing or invalid. When this occurs, Midas will substitute the call sign value “SHIP”.

Le message SYNOP, ou synoptique, est codé par un codage de données adopté par l’Organisation météorologique mondiale et employé pour diffuser les observations d'une station météorologique terrestre à intervalles réguliers de 3 heures (débutant à 0 h UTC) dites synoptiques.

Data

This dataset contains more than 3,000,000 meteorological readings and 20,000,000 astronomical features collected from January 1, 2010, to October 28, 2023.

  Data Sources





  Meteorological Data

Source: The meteorological component of the dataset originates from the SYNOP messages circulated on the World Meteorological Organization's Global Telecommunication System (GTS). URL: SYNOP Essential Data - WMO Features: Temperature, wind speed, precipitation… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/La-matrice/ASTRAL_DATASET.

The UK daily weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on a 24 hour time scale. The measurements of sunshine duration, concrete state, snow depth, fresh snow depth, and days of snow, hail, thunder and gail were attained by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK operated and transmitted within DLY3208, NCM, AWSDLY and SYNOP messages. The data span from 1889 to 2017. For details of observations see the relevant sections of the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record for the various message types.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily weather observations within the full MIDAS collection.

The message collects surface SYNOP reports in BUFR format from land fixed automated weather stations of 0-20000-0-07661 (Cap Cépet). The station reports : Wind direction and Wind speed Air Temperature Relative Humidity Precipitation Horizontal visibility Current weather The ISMN TTAA data designators decode as : T1 (I) : Observational data (Binary codes) - BUFR, T2 (S) : Surface / sea level, A1 (M) : Main synoptic observations from fixed land stations, A2 (N) : northern hemisphere. (refer to WMO n°386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5)

Données d'observations issues des messages internationaux d’observation en surface (SYNOP) circulant sur le système mondial de télécommunication (SMT) de l’Organisation Météorologique Mondiale (OMM). Paramètres atmosphériques mesurés (température, humidité, direction et force du vent, pression atmosphérique, hauteur de précipitations) ou observés (temps sensible, description des nuages, visibilité) depuis la surface terrestre. Selon instrumentation et spécificités locales, d'autres paramètres peuvent être disponibles (hauteur de neige, état du sol, etc.)

Données d'observations issues des messages internationaux d’observation en surface (SYNOP) circulant sur le système mondial de télécommunication (SMT) de l’Organisation Météorologique Mondiale (OMM). Paramètres atmosphériques mesurés (température, humidité, direction et force du vent, pression atmosphérique, hauteur de précipitations) ou observés (temps sensible, description des nuages, visibilité) depuis la surface terrestre. Selon instrumentation et spécificités locales, d'autres paramètres peuvent être disponibles (hauteur de neige, état du sol, etc.)

Observation data from international surface observation messages (SYNOP) circulating on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). Atmospheric parameters measured (temperature, humidity, wind direction and strength, atmospheric pressure, precipitation height) or observed (sensitive time, cloud description, visibility) from the Earth's surface. Depending on instrumentation and local specificities, other parameters may be available (snow height, soil condition, etc.) The archives of this data are downloadable online since January 1996 Metropolitan and overseas Frequency: 3 hours Format: CSV

The message collects surface SYNOP reports in BUFR format from land fixed automated weather stations of 0-20000-0-91570 (Surprise island), 0-20000-0-91573 (Belep - Art island -), 0-20000-0-91574 (Chesterfield - Loop island -), 0-20000-0-91577 (Koumac), 0-20000-0-91578 (Kone), 0-20000-0-91579 (Ouloup - Ouvea island -), 0-20000-0-91582 (Ouanaham - Lifou island -), 0-20000-0-91586 (Touho), 0-20000-0-91587 (La Roche - Mare island -), 0-20000-0-91590 (La Tontouta), 0-20000-0-91592 (Nouméa), 0-20000-0-91596 (Moue - Pins island -), 0-20000-0-91598 (Matthew). The stations report : Wind direction and Wind speed Air Temperature Relative Humidity Precipitation (most sites) Pressure Horizontal visibility (most sites) Current weather (most sites) Sunshine duration (not all sites) Global sky radiation (most sites) The ISIG TTAA data designators decode as : T1 (I) : Observational data (Binary codes) - BUFR, T2 (S) : Surface / sea level, A1 (I) : Intermediate synoptic observations from fixed land stations, A2 (G) : 180° - 90°E tropical belt. (refer to WMO n°386 - Manual on the GTS - Attachment II.5)

The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2024. This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2024. For details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data.