This data set presents annual enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by managed care participation (comprehensive managed care, primary care case management, MLTSS, including PACE, behavioral health organizations, nonmedical prepaid health plans, medical-only prepaid health plans, and other). There are three metrics presented: (1) the number of beneficiaries ever enrolled in each managed care plan type over the year (duplicated count); (2) the number of beneficiaries enrolled in each managed care plan type as of an individual’s last month of enrollment (duplicated count); and (3) average monthly enrollment in each managed care plan type.

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some cells have a value of “DS”. Some states have serious data quality issues, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts used measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and year are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topics Enrollment in CMC, Enrollment in PCCM Programs, and Enrollment in BHO Plans. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by managed care participation (comprehensive managed care, primary care case management, MLTSS, including PACE, behavioral health organizations, nonmedical prepaid health plans, medical-only prepaid health plans, and other). These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topics Enrollment in CMC, Enrollment in PCCM Programs, and Enrollment in BHO Plans. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly counts and rates (per 1,000 beneficiaries) of services provided via telehealth, including live audio video, remote patient monitoring, store and forward, and other telehealth, to Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries, by state. These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating telehealth services measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Claims Volume - OT, Procedure Codes - OT Professional. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly counts and rates (per 1,000 beneficiaries) of pregnancy outcomes, including (1) live births and (2) miscarriages, stillbirths, and terminations, for female Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries ages 15 to 44 (as of the first day of the month), by state. These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating pregnancy measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Procedure Codes - OT Professional, Claims Volume - OT. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by program type (Medicaid or CHIP). These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topics Medicaid-only Enrollment and M-CHIP and S-CHIP Enrollment. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set presents annual enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by major eligibility group (children, adult expansion group, adult, aged, persons with disabilities, or COVID newly-eligible). There are three metrics presented: (1) the number of beneficiaries ever enrolled in each major eligibility group over the year (duplicated count); (2) the number of beneficiaries enrolled in each major eligibility group as of an individual’s last month of enrollment (unduplicated count); and (3) average monthly enrollment in each major eligibility group. These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts used measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and year are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topic Eligibility Group Code. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly counts and rates (per 1,000 beneficiaries) of acute care services, including emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient stays, intensive care unit (ICU) stays, and ICU stays that include ventilator use, provided to Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries, by state. Users can filter to acute care services for any reason, or acute care services for COVID-19.

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating acute care services measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Claims Volume - IP, Claims Volume - OT, Diagnosis Code - IP, Diagnosis Code - OT, Procedure Codes - OT Professional. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly counts and rates (per 1,000 beneficiaries) of COVID-19 testing services provided to Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries, by state.

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating COVID-19 testing services measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Procedure Codes - OT Professional, Claims Volume - OT. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by major eligibility group (children, adult expansion group, adult, aged, persons with disabilities, or COVID newly-eligible). These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topic Eligibility Group Code. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees by primary language spoken (English, Spanish, and all other languages). Results are shown overall; by state; and by five subpopulation topics: race and ethnicity, age group, scope of Medicaid and CHIP benefits, urban or rural residence, and eligibility category. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands who were enrolled for at least one day in the calendar year, except where otherwise noted. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and select states with data quality issues with the primary language variable in TAF are not included. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown overall (where subpopulation topic is "Total enrollees") exclude enrollees younger than age 5 and enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results for states with TAF data quality issues in the year have a value of "Unusable data." Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Primary language spoken by the Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020." Enrollees are assigned to a primary language category based on their reported ISO language code in TAF (English/missing, Spanish, and all other language codes) (Primary Language). Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of December 31st of the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to the comprehensive benefits or limited benefits subpopulation according to the criteria in the "Identifying Beneficiaries with Full-Scope, Comprehensive, and Limited Benefits in the TAF" DQ Atlas brief. Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural subpopulation based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF (Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an eligibility category subpopulation using their latest reported eligibility group code, CHIP code, and age in the calendar year. Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

NCHS has linked various surveys with Medicaid enrollment and claims records collected from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS). Linkage of the NCHS survey participants with the CMS T-MSIS data creates a new data resource that can support research studies focused on a wide range of patient health outcomes and the association of means-tested government insurance programs on health and health outcomes.

This data set includes monthly counts and percentages of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries, by state, who received at least one service for each of the following conditions: acute bronchitis, acute respiratory distress, bronchitis not other specified (NOS), COVID-19 (based on the presence of diagnosis code U07.1), influenza, lower or acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, respiratory infection NOS, and suspected COVID-19 (based on the presence of diagnosis code B97.29).

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating COVID-related conditions measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Claims Volume - IP, Claims Volume - OT, Claims Volume - IP, Diagnosis Code - IP, Diagnosis Code - OT, Procedure Codes - OT Professional. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This dataset identifies California’s eligibility groups by aid code. California uses aid codes to account for eligibility group populations and the eligibility requirements, scope of benefits, services, costs, claims, encounter data, and managed care arrangements related to those populations. Aid codes in this dataset are mapped to the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) eligibility group descriptions and codes. California uses this mapping to submit claims data, enrollee encounter data, and supporting information to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), as required by Section 4735 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and Section 6504 of the Affordable Care Act for the purpose of program integrity, program oversight, and administration. This dataset includes aid codes that do not have Medi-Cal benefits or have benefits and are not federal programs. Some aid codes may appear to be identical but possess distinct benefits or grouping factors. An aid code may appear more than once if multiple populations are represented in one aid code and can be identified and mapped to distinct T-MSIS groups.

This historic dataset with total enrollment in separate CHIP programs by month and state was created to fulfill reporting requirements under section 1902(tt)(1) of the Social Security Act, which was added by section 5131(b) of subtitle D of title V of division FF of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328) (CAA, 2023). For each month from April 1, 2023, through June 30, 2024, states were required to submit to CMS (on a timely basis), and CMS was required to make public, certain monthly data, including the total number of beneficiaries who were enrolled in a separate CHIP program. Accordingly, this historic dataset contains separate CHIP enrollment by month and state between April 2023 and June 2024. CMS will continue to publicly report separate CHIP enrollment by month and state (beyond the historic CAA/Unwinding period) in a new dataset, which is available at [link]. Please note that the methods used to count separate CHIP enrollees differ slightly between the two datasets; as a result, data users should exercise caution if comparing separate CHIP enrollment across the two datasets. Sources: T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF) and state-submitted enrollment totals. The data notes indicate when a state’s monthly total was a state-submitted value, rather than from T-MSIS.TAF data were pulled as follows:April 2023 enrollment - TAF as of August 2023May 2023 enrollment - TAF as of August 2023June 2023 enrollment - TAF as of September 2023July 2023 enrollment - TAF as of October 2023August 2023 enrollment - TAF as of November 2023September 2023 enrollment - TAF as of December 2023October 2023 enrollment - TAF as of January 2024November 2023 enrollment - TAF as of February 2024December 2023 enrollment - TAF as of March 2024January 2024 enrollment - TAF as of April 2024February 2024 enrollment - TAF as of May 2024March 2024 enrollment - TAF as of June 2024April 2024 enrollment – TAF as of July 2024May 2024 enrollment – TAF as of August 2024June 2024 enrollment – TAF as of September 2024 TAF are produced one month after the T-MSIS submission month. For example, TAF as of August 2023 is based on July T-MSIS submissions. Notes: The separate CHIP enrollment in this report is not inclusive of enrollees covered by Medicaid expansion CHIP. Enrollment includes individuals enrolled in separate CHIP at any point during the month but excludes those enrolled in both Medicaid and separate CHIP during the month. See the Data Sources and Metrics Definitions Overview document for a full description of the data sources, metric definitions, and general data limitations.Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wyoming do not have separate CHIP Programs. Maryland has a separate CHIP program that began in July 2023; April 2023 - June 2023 data for Maryland represents retroactive coverage. This document includes separate CHIP data submitted to CMS by states via T-MSIS or a separate collection form. These data include reporting metrics consistent with section 1902(tt)(1) of the Social Security Act.CHIP: Children's Health Insurance Program Data notes: (a) State-submitted value; data not from T-MSIS(b1) May 2023 enrollment pulled from TAF as of September 2023(b2) Data was restated using TAF as of October 2023(b3) Data was restated using TAF as of April 2024(b4) Data was restated using TAF as of July 2024(b5) Data was restated using TAF as of August 2024(c) Enrollment counts include postpartum women with coverage funded via a Health Services Initiative

This data set presents annual enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by program type (Medicaid or CHIP). There are three metrics presented: (1) the number of beneficiaries ever enrolled in each program type over the year (duplicated count); (2) the number of beneficiaries enrolled in each program type as of an individual’s last month of enrollment (unduplicated count); and (3) average monthly enrollment in each program type.

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts used measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and year are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topics Medicaid-only enrollment and M-CHIP and S-CHIP Enrollment. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This dataset includes total enrollment in separate CHIP (S-CHIP) programs by month and state from April 2023 forward. Sources: T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF) and state-submitted enrollment totals. The data notes indicate when a state’s monthly total was a state-submitted value, rather than from T-MSIS. Methods: Enrollment includes individuals enrolled in S-CHIP at any point during the coverage month, excluding those enrolled in dental-only coverage. The S-CHIP enrollment in this report also excludes enrollees covered by Medicaid expansion CHIP, a program in which a state receives federal funding to expand Medicaid eligibility to optional targeted low-income children that meets the requirements of section 2103 of the Social Security Act. If an individual is enrolled in both Medicaid or Medicaid-expansion CHIP and S-CHIP in a given month, TAF picks the program in which they were last enrolled. Unless S-CHIP enrollment counts are replaced with a state-submitted value, each state's monthly S-CHIP enrollment is equal to the number of unique people in TAF with a CHIP_CODE = 3 (S-CHIP) and ELGBLTY_GRP_CD not equal to ‘66’ (Children Eligible for Dental Only Supplemental Coverage). More information about TAF is available at https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/data-systems/macbis/medicaid-chip-research-files/transformed-medicaid-statistical-information-system-t-msis-analytic-files-taf/index.html. Note: A historic dataset with S-CHIP enrollment by month and state from April 2023 to June 2024 is also available at: https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/d30cfc7c-4b32-4df1-b2bf-e0a850befd77. This historic dataset was created to fulfill reporting requirements under section 1902(tt)(1) of the Social Security Act, which was added by section 5131(b) of subtitle D of title V of division FF of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328) (CAA, 2023). Please note that the methods used to count S-CHIP enrollees differ slightly between the two datasets; as a result, data users should exercise caution if comparing S-CHIP enrollment across the two datasets. State notes: Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wyoming do not have S-CHIP programs. Maryland has an S-CHIP program for the from conception to end of pregnancy group that began in July 2023; April 2023 - June 2023 data for Maryland represents retroactive coverage. Oregon moved all its S-CHIP enrollees, other than those in the from conception to the end of pregnancy group, to a Medicaid-expansion CHIP program effective January 1, 2024. CHIP: Children's Health Insurance Program

This data set includes monthly counts and rates (per 1,000 beneficiaries) of behavioral health services, including emergency department services, inpatient services, intensive outpatient/partial hospitalizations, outpatient services, or services delivered through telehealth, provided to Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries, by state. Users can filter by either mental health disorder or substance use disorder. These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating behavioral health services measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Claims Volume - IP, Claims Volume - OT, Diagnosis Code - IP, Diagnosis Code - OT. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly counts and rates (per 1,000 beneficiaries) of health screenings provided to Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries under the age of 19 (as of the first day of the month) by state. These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating screening services measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable if at least one of the following topics meets the DQ Atlas threshold for unusable: Total Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, Procedure Codes - OT Professional, Diagnosis Codes - OT, Claims Volume - OT. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods. Cells with a value of “DQ” indicate that data were suppressed due to unusable data. Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes monthly enrollment counts of Medicaid and CHIP beneficiaries by dual eligibility status for Medicaid and Medicare (full dual eligibility, partial dual eligibility, or not dually eligible).

These metrics are based on data in the T-MSIS Analytic Files (TAF). Some states have serious data quality issues for one or more months, making the data unusable for calculating these measures. To assess data quality, analysts adapted measures featured in the DQ Atlas. Data for a state and month are considered unusable or of high concern based on DQ Atlas thresholds for the topic Dually Enrolled in Medicare. Please refer to the DQ Atlas at http://medicaid.gov/dq-atlas for more information about data quality assessment methods.

Some cells have a value of “DS”. This indicates that data were suppressed for confidentiality reasons because the group included fewer than 11 beneficiaries.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees who received mental health (MH) or substance use disorder (SUD) services, overall and by six subpopulation topics: age group, sex or gender identity, race and ethnicity, urban or rural residence, eligibility category, and primary language. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, ages 12 to 64 at the end of the calendar year, who were not dually eligible for Medicare and were continuously enrolled with comprehensive benefits for 12 months, with no more than one gap in enrollment exceeding 45 days. Enrollees who received services for both an MH condition and SUD in the year are counted toward both condition categories. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and select states with TAF data quality issues are not included. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown for the primary language subpopulation topic exclude select states with data quality issues with the primary language variable in TAF. Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Medicaid and CHIP enrollees who received mental health or SUD services in 2020." Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of December 31st of the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a sex or gender identity subpopulation using their latest reported sex in the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural subpopulation based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF (Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an eligibility category subpopulation using their latest reported eligibility group code, CHIP code, and age in the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to a primary language subpopulation based on their reported ISO language code in TAF (English/missing, Spanish, and all other language codes) (Primary Language). Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.