This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans, PIIE Policy Brief 24-1.

If you use the data, please cite as: Clausing, Kimberly, and Mary E. Lovely. 2024. Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans. PIIE Policy Brief 24-1. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

This paper characterizes the trade-off between the income gains and the inequality costs of trade using survey data for 54 developing countries. Tariff data on agricultural and manufacturing goods are combined with household survey data on detailed income and expenditure patterns to estimate the first-order effects of the elimination of import tariffs on household welfare. The paper assesses how these welfare effects vary across the distribution by estimating impacts on the consumption of traded goods, wage income, farm and non-farm family enterprise income, and government transfers. For each country, the income gains and the inequality costs of trade liberalization are quantified and the trade-offs between them are assessed using an Atkinson social welfare index. The analysis finds average income gains from import tariff liberalization in 45 countries and average income losses in nine countries. Across countries in the sample, the gains from trade are 1.9 percent of real household expenditure on average. We find overwhelming evidence of a trade-off between the income gains (losses) and the inequality costs (gains), which arise because trade tends to exacerbate income inequality: 45 countries face a trade-off, while only nine do not. The income gains typically more than offset the increase in inequality. In the majority of developing countries, the prevailing tariff structure thus induces sizable welfare losses

Ghana Electricity Consumption: Special Load Tariff data was reported at 4,728.000 GWh in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,528.000 GWh for 2016. Ghana Electricity Consumption: Special Load Tariff data is updated yearly, averaging 4,153.000 GWh from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2017, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,728.000 GWh in 2017 and a record low of 2,687.000 GWh in 2007. Ghana Electricity Consumption: Special Load Tariff data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Energy Commission. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ghana – Table GH.RB004: Electricity Consumption.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in The US Revenue Implications of President Trump’s 2025 Tariffs, PIIE Briefing 25-2.

If you use the data, please cite as:

McKibbin, Warwick, and Geoffrey Shuetrim. 2025. The US Revenue Implications of President Trump’s 2025 Tariffs. PIIE Briefing 25-2. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

The United States recorded a trade deficit of 71.52 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This Dataset is a characterization by municipality of customers who have the benefit of the social electricity tariff (TSEE), including customers who are currently active and billing, and is composed of the following elements:Municipality: Name of the municipality where the customers are located.Number of Customers: Number of customers registered for the social electricity tariff who are currently active and billing.Opportunities: Number of people registered in Cadúnico and eligible for the social electricity tariff who DO NOT have the benefit because it is not possible to identify which consumer unit the person is linked to. This occurs due to the lack of key information such as the installation number and full address in the person's registration in CadÚnico.Distributed Subsidy: Amount of subsidy distributed through direct discount on the value of the energy bill to customers registered in the social electricity tariff.Opportunity Percentage: Percentage of customers registered in the social electricity tariff in relation to the total opportunity.Year: Data reference year.Month: Data reference month.This dataset is updated monthly on the 15th of each month, always reflecting data from the previous two months.The information provided by EDP constitutes a view of the values ​​taken from the system and is based on the time at which it is collected. The data contained in this dataset is naturally very dynamic and may be subject to changes and updates. Therefore, occasional omissions and/or inaccuracies may occur.Therefore, EDP is not responsible to third parties, partners, service providers, contractors, customers and users for any damages that may arise as a direct or indirect consequence of the use of this information. We emphasize that direct comparisons between databases from different sources are not recommended, as discrepancies may exist. It is essential to verify the accuracy and updating of the data before carrying out interventions, calculations and/or estimates.Customers registered with CadÚnico and with a monthly income of up to half the minimum wage per person are entitled to the Social Electricity Tariff. To maintain your benefit, keep your registration updated with CadÚnico in your city. For more information and to find out if you are entitled to the social tariff, access the link: https://www.edp.com.br/tarifa-social/. If you move house, be sure to notify EDP so that you can take your benefit with you as well.

Vietnam and US trade data is in the sheet “VN US”. (XLSX)

Abstract The study aims to examine the possible impacts of the Transpacific and Transatlantic agreements on the Brazilian chicken meat market. The methodology derives from a Spatial Equilibrium Model as a Mixed Complementarity Problem (MCP), based on five alternative scenarios, which aimed to highlight possible changes in the market of chicken meat from the implementation of new trade agreements. The results indicate that, in general, with the implementation of both agreements the Brazilian chicken meat market may invariably cause losses, particularly in relation to production, consequently, affect producers’ prices and surpluses. The most damaging scenarios for Brazil are the formation of the TPP in its broadest form, based on the elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers, as well as the simultaneous formation of the agreements, in which the country shows a net loss in welfare. From this, we emphasize the importance of negotiating trade agreements to ensure the industry conditions of expansion and access to new markets.

This dataset contains individual level data on British energy bill payers collected from an online survey of a nationally representative sample of market research panel participants in 2014. It contains demographic data as well as data on their electrical appliance ownership (electric vehicles, washing machines, tumble dryers, dishwashers) as well as their occupancy patterns. It also contains a measure of willingness to switch to a smart time of use tariff designed to be commercially viable in 2020. The data was collected as part of a trial to determine the impact of message framing (loss, gain, environmental) on willingness to switch to this tariff) as well as how willingness to switch is affected by demographics and electrical appliance ownership. No personal data is contained in the dataset.

ABSTRACT This paper contributes by encouraging discussions about the public policy of setting tariffs for public services based on the value of the investment made by the providers of these services. The purpose of this study was, in an unprecedented way and by combining theories of equity valuation and finance, to identify the asset valuation method that can lead to a fair value and balance between an affordable price for the consumer and an adequate return on investment for the concessionaires. The value assigned to these assets affects the tariff in two ways: (i) via depreciation/amortization, which affects the cost of service; (ii) via the return on investment, which is the portion that corresponds to the investor’s profit. We analyzed the Brazilian electricity sector, in which the rates set by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) currently use the new replacement value (NRV) approach. We carried out empirical tests using data available on the ANEEL website from the second cycle periodic tariff review and information obtained in financial statements from 1995 onwards. The analysis included the NVR and restated historical cost (RHC) methods, the latter being updated by the extended consumer price index (IPCA). After the descriptive and statistical analyses, we used the test of means to verify the differences between the variables in terms of NRV vs. RHC. The first conclusion was the absence of a significant difference between the NRV and RHC methods; that is, on average, the replacement price showed no significant difference to what would be the pure and simple restatement of assets. But this was found to hide something relevant, the fact that this average is derived from two main groups: that of the consumers who are paying more for energy services than they should, which constitutes a visible benefit to investors and loss for these consumers, and that of the consumers who are paying less than they should, which benefits them but harms investors.

Electronic communications. Agriculture and agricultural policy. Geographical and labor market mobility. Use of antibiotics and awareness of antibiotic campaign.

Topics: 1. Electronic communications: Internet access by mobile phones; number of mobile phones in the household: with contract, prepaid and mobile subscription for Internet access); characterization of the personal mobile phone use (breaks during a telephone call, constant access to the wireless network, limitation of national and international calls from own mobile phone for telephone costs, consumer-friendly usage control, easier comparison of the current mobile tariff scheme with other offers; change of the cost of mobile telephone service usage within the last two years; access to online content and applications is limited by the capacity of the mobile phone; the contract with the mobile operator or the accessibility is blocked by the mobile operator; benefits of a fixed telephone access: provider supplies a complete and clear bill for the usage, simple comparison of the of the landline tariff scheme with other offers, consumer-friendly way of usage control; self-restraint in mobile telephony for cost reasons limitation of calls with own landline for telephone costs; reasons for no fixed telephone access in the household; frequency of personally use of public payphones, and reasons for use; reception of television in the household via an aerial, a cable TV network, satellite TV, etc.), type of Internet access, internet access via the mobile phone network is sufficient for the household, and used device for Internet access; permanent Internet access in the household; download speed corresponds to the contract terms; use of a Wi-Fi connection at home for calls over the Internet (VOIP, e.g. SKYPE); characterization of Internet connection (uninterrupted internet connection , download speed corresponds to the contract terms, help from internet providers in case of problems blocking of certain content and applications by the provider, received response from helpline staff is helpful, the cost of of the support is affordable, simple comparison of the Internet tariff with other offers); intended change of providers; reasons for no Internet access; respondent wants to be informed by the telecom provider, if personal data was lost or stolen; concern about the possible misuse of personal data in social networking websites such as Facebook, etc.); frequency of using social networking websites; frequency of using printed directories, online telephone directories and directory inquiries; used services as part of a combined package(television channels, fixed telephony, mobile telephony and Internet access); attitude towards these kinds of communication packages; satisfaction with the offer of new services, the flexibility of pricing schemes adapted to the houshold’s needs, ease of use, total budget and the ability to control household’s expenditure; assessment of changes in these areas.

1. Agriculture and agricultural policy: assessment of the future role of European agriculture; knowledge test about the agriculture in the EU: the United States produces more agricultural products than the EU, in the EU the average income in the agricultural sector is lower than in other sectors, and farmers represent about ten percent of the EU´s working population; Knowledge about the European Union’s Common Agricultural and rural development Policy (CAP); preference for the allocation of the tasks of agricultural and rural development policy at European, national or regional level: ensuring a fair standard of living for farmers, development of rural areas, ensuring reasonable food prices, food supply in the EU, protection of the environmental, ensuring good quality of agricultural products; main priorities of the EU in terms of agriculture and rural development; assessment if the European Union’s Common Agricultural and rural development Policy fulfills its role rather well or rather badly in selected issues; preferred goals of European agricultural policy: tackling the effects of climate change, the adaptation of production to market demand, equitable distribution of subsidies, financial support to farmers depending on the compliance with the relevant environmental protection, food safety and animal welfare, preservation of the countryside and economic development in rural areas; main responsibilities of farmers in society; most important reasons for maintaining agricultu...

About the Project The KAPSARC Energy Model of China (KEM China) project began in 2014 to study energy and environmental issues in China. KEM China has been developed to understand China’s energy economy and fuel mix, how they are impacted by government intervention, as well as their interaction with global markets. It is a modular integrated mixed-complementarity problem model that optimizes supply decisions, minimizing fuel and technology costs, while taking into account the effect of government regulation on prices and the environment.Key PointsWhen energy sectors transition from government-controlled to market-driven systems, the legacy regulatory instruments can create unintended market distortions and lead to higher costs. In China, the most notable regulatory throwback is ceilings on electricity prices that generators can charge utilities, which are specified by plant type and region. We built a mixed complementarity model calibrated to 2012 data to examine the impact of these price caps on the electricity and coal sectors. Our study highlights the following major findings: Capped on-grid tariffs incentivize market concentration and vertical integration so that generators can cross-subsidize power plants, ensure an uninterrupted supply of fuel and reduce the impact of volatility in fuel prices. Tight price caps can cause the system to deviate from the least-cost capacity and fuel mix. In 2012, this resulted in an additional annual cost of at least 45 billion RMB, or 4 percent of China’s total power system cost. The government also had to subsidize some of the losses, which indicates that this regulatory design is not responsive to market realities. Price constraints can impact the outcomes of other policy initiatives causing them to veer from intended goals. In the case of China, according to our modeling, greater installed wind capacity does not have a significant impact on the amount of coal consumed. Also, abolishing restrictive tariff caps on coal-fired generation does not increase coal use because the utilization rate of peak-shaving coal plants drops. We also estimate, using the model, subsidies required for a range of wind capacity additions to China’s power generation mix and find that the feed-in tariff could have been less generous.

Vietnam recorded a trade surplus of 0.56 USD Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Vietnam Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

COVID-19 information treatment effect on attitudes towards hypothetical coworkers by exposure to retaliatory tariffs in respondent’s county of residence.

This statistic shows the United States goods trade deficit with China from 2014 to 2024. In 2024, the value of U.S. imports from China exceeded the exports to China by around ***** billion U.S. dollars.

In September 2024, industrial electricity prices in the European countries of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom were among the highest in the world, at around **** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Singapore was the Asian country with the highest electricity bill worldwide at that time. Lowest electricity prices in the world The average retail electricity price in the United States was considerably lower than in most of Europe. Iceland was the European country with one of the lowest electricity bills for enterprises that month. At the bottom of the ranking were also Russia, Iraq, Qatar, Argentina, and Libya. In these countries, commercial electricity prices amounted to less than *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices In addition, European countries had the highest household electricity prices worldwide that month, with Italy at the top of the ranking. By comparison, Iran and Ethiopia had the lowest residential electricity prices in the world.