In September 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In September 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 17 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.3 percent in September 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 8 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

According to a survey conducted between July 9 and July 11, 2022, ** percent of Americans thought that Joe Biden was highly responsible for the current trend in the inflation rate. This is compared to ** percent of Americans who said President Biden did not have a lot of responsibility for the current inflation rate.

Inflation in the U.S. Global events in 2022 had a significant impact on the United States. Inflation rose from *** percent in January 2021 to *** percent in June 2022. Significantly higher prices of basic goods led to increased concern over the state of the economy, and the ability to cover increasing monthly costs with the same income. Low interest rates, COVID-19-related supply constraints, corporate profiteering, and strong consumer spending had already put pressure on prices before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Despite rising wages on paper, the rapid growth of consumer prices resulted in an overall decline in real hourly earnings in the first half of 2022.

How much control does Joe Biden have over inflation? The bulk of economic performance and the inflation rate is determined by factors outside the President’s direct control, but U.S. presidents are often held accountable for it. Some of those factors are market forces, private business, productivity growth, the state of the global economy, and policies of the Federal Reserve. Although high-spending decisions such as the 2021 COVID-19 relief bill may have contributed to rising inflation rates, the bill has been seen by economists as a necessary intervention for preventing a recession at the time, as well as being of significant importance to low-income workers impacted by the pandemic.

The most important tool for curbing inflation and controlling the U.S. economy is the Federal Reserve. The Reserve has the ability to set, raise, and lower interest rates and determine the wider monetary policy for the United States – something out of the president’s control. In June 2022, the Reserve announced it would raise interest rates **** percent for the second time that year – hoisting the rate to a target range of **** to *** percent – in an attempt to slow consumer demand and balance demand with supply. However, it can often take time before the impacts of interventions by the Federal Reserve are seen in the public’s day-to-day lives. Most economists expect this wave of inflation to pass in a year to 18 months.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

Building materials made of steel, copper and other metals had some of the highest price growth rates in the U.S. in the first half of 2025 in comparison to the previous year. The growth rate of the cost of several construction materials was slightly lower than in late 2024. It is important to note, though, that the figures provided are Producer Price Indices, which cover production within the United States, but do not include imports or tariffs. This might matter for lumber, as Canada's wood production is normally large enough that the U.S. can import it from its neighboring country. Construction material prices in the United Kingdom Similarly to these trends in the U.S., at that time the price growth rate of construction materials in the UK were generally lower 2024 than in 2023. Nevertheless, the cost of some construction materials in the UK still rose that year, with several of those items reaching price growth rates of over **** percent. Considering that those materials make up a very big share of the costs incurred for a construction project, those developments may also have affected the average construction output price in the UK. Construction material shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic During the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there often were supply problems and material shortages, which created instability in the construction market. According to a survey among construction contractors, the construction materials most affected by shortages in the U.S. during most of 2021 were steel and lumber. This was also a problem on the other side of the Atlantic: The share of building construction companies experiencing shortages in Germany soared between March and June 2021, staying at high levels for over a year. Meanwhile, the shortage of material or equipment was one of the main factors limiting the building activity in France in June 2022.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Metal Can Manufacturing: Aluminum Cans (Including Lids, Ends, and Parts Shipped Separately) (PCU3324313324313) from Dec 1975 to Sep 2025 about aluminum, parts, metals, manufacturing, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The global fuel energy price index stood at 157.89 index points in September 2025, up from 100 in the base year 2016. Figures decreased that month due to a fall in natural gas prices. The fuel energy index includes prices for crude oil, natural gas, coal, and propane. Supply constraints across multiple commodities The global natural gas price index surged nearly 11-fold, and the global coal price index rose almost seven-fold from summer 2020 to summer 2022. This notable escalation was largely attributed to the Russia-Ukraine war, exerting increased pressure on the global supply chain. Tariffs bring economic uncertainty With the global economy having adjusted to the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war, new uncertainty has emerged due to tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. If these tariffs are fully implemented, global trade could be significantly disrupted, mainly the bilateral trade between the world’s two largest economies. In 2025, import tariffs between China and the United States exceeded 130 percent on both sides, while their tariffs on imports from the rest of the world were around 10 percent. U.S. tariffs on Chinese imported goods reached a high of 134.7 percent in April of that year, while China imposed a 147.6 percent tariff on U.S. goods. Early estimates indicate that the impact of Trump’s proposed tariffs on the U.S. economy could amount to 0.4 percent of GDP, mainly driven by the reduced trade with Mexico, Canada and China.

In Q3 2025, North America Iron Oxide Price Index rose by 7.79% quarter-over-quarter, reflecting tariff-driven inflation. Check detailed insights for Europe, South America and APAC.

The statistic depicts Mexico's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, Mexico's real GDP grew by about 1.45 percent compared to the previous year. Mexico's economy Mexico, having not been dramatically affected by the 2002 South American crisis, has one of the strongest economies in the Americas behind the United States and Canada. By improving its macroeconomic rules and regulations, Mexico improved on many aspects of its economy, most notably inflation. Several goals that the government wanted accomplish were the improvement of infrastructure around the country as well as newer tax laws that would allow for higher income equality. Mexico is generally an export-oriented country, with the majority of export goods consisting of electronics, automobiles and agricultural goods. Exports over the past decade have seen continuous growth, with the exception of 2009. This increase in exports is largely due to an increasing number of free trade agreements with international countries, which essentially eliminate tariffs between member countries. However, Mexico imports more than they export, having recorded an annual trade deficit over the past decade. While most economics label this as a negative aspect, other economics believe that trade deficits are associated with positive economic developments.