President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. It's estimated that, if put into effect, the average tariff rate including dutiable imports would reach almost 18 percent, up from two percent in 2024. Tariff rates are higher when dutiable imports are included because they refer only to goods that are actually subject to tariffs, rather than all imports. This skews the average tariff rate upward because it excludes duty-free goods. Trump's proposal for a universal 10 percent tariff on all imports would impose a flat tax on all imports, rather than just dutiable goods. This would result in a sharp increase in the overall tariff burden because previously duty-free goods would be taxed.

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 2.18 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products (%) in China was reported at 5.21 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

On September 1, 2019, China imposed additional tariffs on ** billion U.S. dollars worth of the U.S. import goods. A trade war between the world's two largest economies was initiated by president Trump in mid-2018 and escalated further throughout 2019.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 2.86 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Primary Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Primary Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Primary Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong – Table HK.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Simple Mean: Primary Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Simple Mean: Primary Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Simple Mean: Primary Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong – Table HK.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean most favored nation tariff rate is the unweighted average of most favored nation rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Primary products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 0-4 plus division 68 (nonferrous metals).; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

On April 9, 2025, the U.S. imposed high import tariffs on Chinese goods. Average U.S. tariffs on imports from China reached ***** percent on April 10, 2025. In comparison, import levies on exports from the rest of the world were at around **** percent. In response to increased U.S. tariffs, China imposed retaliatory levies, averaging ***** percent as of April 12, 2025. After trade talks, the U.S. and China agreed to temporarily lower mutual trade barriers, leading to average U.S. tariffs of **** percent and average Chinese tariffs of **** percent on May 14, 2025.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 7.42 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Macau MO: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Macau MO: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2016, with 21 observations. Macau MO: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau – Table MO.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Learn how rising US-China trade tariffs are affecting the apparel industry, with brands like Eastside Golf adjusting strategies to mitigate cost increases.

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products (%) in China was reported at 2 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The Trump administration's unprecedented tariffs are accelerating US-China decoupling, compelling business leaders to rethink strategies after decades of established trade norms.

IBISWorld examines the industries that may be hit next by tariffs introduced by China, following worsening relations with Australia.

In 2024, Chinese exports of trade goods to the United States amounted to about 438.95 billion U.S. dollars; a significant increase from 1985 levels, when imports from China amounted to about 3.86 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. exports to China Compared to U.S. imports from China, the value of U.S. exports to China in 2020 amounted to 427.23billion U.S. dollars. China is the United States’ largest trading partner, while China was the United States third largest goods export market. Some of the leading exports to China in the agricultural sector included soybeans, cotton, and pork products. Texas was the leading state that exported to China in 2020 based on total value of goods exports, at 16.9 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. - China trade war The trade war between the United States and China is an economic conflict between two of the world’s largest national economies. It started in 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump started putting tariffs and trade barriers on China, with the intent to get China to conform to Trump’s wishes. President Trump claimed that China has unfair trade businesses. As a result of this trade war, it has caused a lot of tension between the U.S. and China. Nearly half of American companies impacted by the U.S.-China trade tariffs said that the trade war increased their cost of manufacturing. The healthcare product industry has suffered the most from the trade war in regards to reduced profits.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products (%) in China was reported at 3.09 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, primary products (%) in China was reported at 9.29 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, primary products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Introduction

Tariffs are exerting a growing negative influence on the travel, tourism, and global supply chain sectors by driving up costs for both businesses and consumers. These added expenses often result in higher airfares, increased accommodation rates, and elevated overall travel budgets, making international tourism less attractive. For instance, airline operators facing higher import duties on fuel and aircraft components are forced to pass these costs onto passengers, which affects travel demand across borders.

The global tourism industry has demonstrated strong recovery momentum following the pandemic-era lockdowns, with demand for leisure and business travel rebounding across key markets. This upward trajectory is supported by increasing consumer confidence, greater digitalization in travel booking, and a renewed focus on experience-driven tourism.

Based on current growth patterns, global tourism spending is projected to surpass $2.9 trillion by 2035, marking a significant expansion from pre-pandemic levels. This long-term outlook is being bolstered by rising middle-class income in emerging markets, improved air connectivity, and supportive government policies aimed at rebuilding tourism ecosystems.

In the technology sector, companies like Apple have faced substantial financial impacts due to tariffs. Apple reported a $1.4 billion tariff hit, prompting the company to diversify its supply chain by shifting production from China to countries like India and Vietnam. This move aims to mitigate the effects of a 145% tariff on Chinese imports, which has significantly increased the cost of goods and affected pricing strategies.

We measure the tariff shocks by matching the U.S. products of Section 301 Tariffs with China provincial customs export data in 2017, the year before the trade war.First, based on the tariffed product lists released by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), which specify products at the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) eight-digit code level, we calculate the proportion of tariffed product categories under each six-digit HTS code. For instance, under the U.S. HTS-6 code 6309.29 (tents of other textile material), the corresponding sub-code includes 6306.29.11 (tents of cotton) and 6306.29.21 (tents made of other materials), with only 6306.29.11 being subject to additional tariffs. Thus, the tariffed rate for HTS code 6309.29 is 50%.Second, since the HTS-6 codes are consistent under the Harmonized System (HS) across countries, we estimate the scale of Chinese export affected by the trade war by multiplying the export data of HS-6 products by the corresponding HTS-6 tariffed rate.Third, we further adjust for provincial differences by dividing each province’s tariff-affected export scale by its total export scale.Fourth, the intensity of tariffs varied across the four rounds of the trade war. In the first three rounds, listed products were subjected to a 25% tariff, whereas the fourth round, while covering nearly all remaining U.S.-bound exports, had a lower tariff rate (7.5%), following the signing of the “Phase One” trade agreement between China and the U.S. in January 2020. To account for these differences, we assign a weight of 0.25 to the first three rounds and a weight of 0.075 to the fourth round. The weighted sum serves as a proxy variable for the provincial exposure of the U.S.-China trade war.

The US-China trade war created net export opportunities rather than simply shifting trade across destinations. Many “bystander” countries grew their exports of taxed products into the rest of the world (excluding US and China). Country-specific components of tariff elasticities, rather than specialization patterns, drove large cross-country variation in export growth of tariff-exposed products. The elasticities of exports to US-China tariffs identify whether a country’s exports complement or substitute US or China and its supply curve’s slope. Countries that operate along downward-sloping supplies whose exports substitute (complement) US and China are among the larger (smaller) beneficiaries of the trade war.