According to recent projections, the impact of reciprocal tariffs worldwide will lead to a short-term acceleration of prices by 0.71 percent. The U.S. is expected to experience the highest price index increase, estimated at 7.26 percent.

Trump_Tariff_Data

This dataset compiles key data points related to the impact and policy measures surrounding U.S. tariffs proposed or implemented by Donald Trump, particularly during the 2024 campaign and policy forecast period. It includes economic and trade metrics that provide context on U.S. trade balances, tariffs, and their international implications.

📁 Files & Structure

The dataset is divided into two main data tables:

📊 Data 1: Country-Level Trade & Tariff Overview

📈 Data 2: Tariff Policy Events & Economic Impact

💡 Use Cases

• Analyze the economic and geopolitical impact of tariff policies
• Forecast inflation or GDP shifts due to trade measures
• Build visual dashboards to compare U.S. trade relations by country
• Study election-cycle economic strategies and their global implications

Let us know if you create something cool using this dataset!

How Tariffs Are Impacting the Economy

The imposition of tariffs has significantly affected the global economy by driving up costs, creating supply chain disruptions, and reducing consumer purchasing power. In the U.S., tariffs on imported goods have increased the price of raw materials, components, and finished products, forcing businesses to adjust their pricing strategies.

Many industries, including manufacturing and technology, have experienced delays due to tariff-induced supply chain disruptions. Companies reliant on international suppliers have been particularly impacted, as tariff costs have added to production expenses. In response, businesses have explored alternatives like reshoring or diversifying suppliers to mitigate risks.

These tariff-related challenges have created inflationary pressure, resulting in higher operational costs across sectors. The tariff climate has forced businesses to reconsider their growth strategies and adapt to higher input costs, slower global trade, and a more uncertain economic environment. Despite some of these negative impacts, the push for more localized supply chains may eventually lead to long-term stability and operational resilience.

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How Tariffs Are Impacting the Economy

Tariffs have had a substantial impact on the global economy, driving up costs for businesses and consumers. In the U.S., tariffs on imports have resulted in higher prices for raw materials, components, and finished products, leading to inflationary pressures across industries.

Companies that rely on international supply chains, such as manufacturing and technology, have experienced increased production costs, which have been passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. This has reduced consumer purchasing power, making it more difficult for businesses to attract customers in price-sensitive sectors. Tariffs have also disrupted global supply chains, causing delays and inefficiencies, especially in industries that require timely product delivery, such as retail and technology.

In the crowdfunding market, these disruptions have affected the capital raising process for startups, particularly in sectors like food & beverage, where product development and distribution are often dependent on international suppliers. As a result, businesses are reconsidering their global operations and seeking alternative supply chains to minimize tariff-related risks.

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The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

How Tariffs Are Impacting the Economy

Tariffs have created significant disruption in the global economy, increasing the cost of goods and raw materials, which has impacted many industries, including the cold chain sector. In the U.S., tariffs on imported goods have raised the price of raw materials for cold chain technologies, such as sensors and refrigerants.

As the cost of production rises, businesses are facing increased operational costs, which are often passed on to consumers, resulting in higher prices for goods. These tariff-induced price increases are contributing to inflation, reducing consumer purchasing power. Additionally, tariffs are disrupting global supply chains, causing delays in shipping and increasing transportation costs.

For industries reliant on global trade, including food and pharmaceuticals, this presents significant challenges in maintaining efficient and cost-effective supply chains.

Companies are now rethinking their sourcing strategies, considering alternatives like nearshoring or reshoring to mitigate the impact of tariffs on operations. This could lead to greater supply chain diversification but also higher operational costs in the short term.

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The study of Jürgen Nautz deals with selected aspects of tariff autonomy and wage development during the years of inflation in the Weimar Republic. First the development of wages will be presented in the context of cost of living. To investigate the question of tariff autonomy in the inflation period it is of special interest to analyze the usage of arbitration instruments by unions, management and the state. Another central subject of this study is the fundamental position concerning the question of the design of important relations. Two themes are in the focus of interest; the ideas of the further refinement of the collective bargaining principle and the arbitration of labor disputes.Especially concerning tariff autonomy legal positions were developed during the inflation years which had an important impact on the discussion about tariff autonomy during the entire period the Weimar Republic. Data tables in HISTAT:A.1 Development of cost of living: Index of the statistical office of the German Empire (1920-1923)A.2 Index of average real weekly wages per collective agreement Index (1913-1923)A.3 Real weekly and real hourly wages of unskilled and skilled workers (1919-1923)A.4 Strikes and lockouts (1918-1924) A.5 Number of collective agreements (1918-1929)

According to a survey conducted between July 9 and July 11, 2022, ** percent of Americans thought that Joe Biden was highly responsible for the current trend in the inflation rate. This is compared to ** percent of Americans who said President Biden did not have a lot of responsibility for the current inflation rate.

Inflation in the U.S. Global events in 2022 had a significant impact on the United States. Inflation rose from *** percent in January 2021 to *** percent in June 2022. Significantly higher prices of basic goods led to increased concern over the state of the economy, and the ability to cover increasing monthly costs with the same income. Low interest rates, COVID-19-related supply constraints, corporate profiteering, and strong consumer spending had already put pressure on prices before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Despite rising wages on paper, the rapid growth of consumer prices resulted in an overall decline in real hourly earnings in the first half of 2022.

How much control does Joe Biden have over inflation? The bulk of economic performance and the inflation rate is determined by factors outside the President’s direct control, but U.S. presidents are often held accountable for it. Some of those factors are market forces, private business, productivity growth, the state of the global economy, and policies of the Federal Reserve. Although high-spending decisions such as the 2021 COVID-19 relief bill may have contributed to rising inflation rates, the bill has been seen by economists as a necessary intervention for preventing a recession at the time, as well as being of significant importance to low-income workers impacted by the pandemic.

The most important tool for curbing inflation and controlling the U.S. economy is the Federal Reserve. The Reserve has the ability to set, raise, and lower interest rates and determine the wider monetary policy for the United States – something out of the president’s control. In June 2022, the Reserve announced it would raise interest rates **** percent for the second time that year – hoisting the rate to a target range of **** to *** percent – in an attempt to slow consumer demand and balance demand with supply. However, it can often take time before the impacts of interventions by the Federal Reserve are seen in the public’s day-to-day lives. Most economists expect this wave of inflation to pass in a year to 18 months.

How Tariffs Are Impacting the Economy

The imposition of tariffs has substantially impacted global economies, with rising costs and inflation taking center stage. In the United States, the implementation of new tariffs on imported goods has caused a significant surge in consumer prices, particularly in sectors like electronics, apparel, and automotive. U.S. GDP is projected to experience a loss of approximately 1.1%, which translates to a $170 billion reduction in economic output.

Moreover, the tariffs have eroded consumer purchasing power, with households expected to lose about $3,800 annually. These measures have forced businesses to reevaluate their supply chains and cost structures, further influencing the global trade environment. As inflation rises, central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, face growing pressure to manage the economic fallout, balancing inflation control with economic growth.

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Building materials made of steel, copper and other metals had some of the highest price growth rates in the U.S. in the first half of 2025 in comparison to the previous year. The growth rate of the cost of several construction materials was slightly lower than in late 2024. It is important to note, though, that the figures provided are Producer Price Indices, which cover production within the United States, but do not include imports or tariffs. This might matter for lumber, as Canada's wood production is normally large enough that the U.S. can import it from its neighboring country. Construction material prices in the United Kingdom Similarly to these trends in the U.S., at that time the price growth rate of construction materials in the UK were generally lower 2024 than in 2023. Nevertheless, the cost of some construction materials in the UK still rose that year, with several of those items reaching price growth rates of over **** percent. Considering that those materials make up a very big share of the costs incurred for a construction project, those developments may also have affected the average construction output price in the UK. Construction material shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic During the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there often were supply problems and material shortages, which created instability in the construction market. According to a survey among construction contractors, the construction materials most affected by shortages in the U.S. during most of 2021 were steel and lumber. This was also a problem on the other side of the Atlantic: The share of building construction companies experiencing shortages in Germany soared between March and June 2021, staying at high levels for over a year. Meanwhile, the shortage of material or equipment was one of the main factors limiting the building activity in France in June 2022.

How Tariffs Are Impacting the Economy

Tariffs on imported software and hardware components essential for tax technology solutions have increased costs for providers and users. The U.S. tariffs on technology imports, particularly from China and other major suppliers, have led to higher prices for cloud infrastructure, data processing hardware, and security systems.

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This escalation results in increased operational costs for firms deploying tax tech platforms, potentially delaying implementation and scaling efforts. Supply chain disruptions due to tariffs affect availability of critical hardware, leading to project delays and higher prices passed to customers. These factors may slow digital transformation in tax administration and compliance. While tariffs aim to protect domestic industries, they introduce inflationary pressures and uncertainty in the tech ecosystem supporting tax solutions.

Analysis of America's beef supply crisis with record prices, declining cattle herds, and rising Brazilian imports despite 50% tariffs, featuring insights from JBS executive Wesley Batista.

Hand Levels Market size was valued at USD 1.25 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 152.15 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 82.4% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Global Hand Levels Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Hand Levels Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Increasing Work in Construction: The market for hand levels is heavily influenced by the global increase in construction activity. The need for accurate leveling instruments has increased in rising economies due to urbanization and infrastructure expansion. Government programs that support residential development and business infrastructure stimulate market expansion since these environments call for precise leveling solutions at different phases of construction. Furthermore, in order to maintain compliance with environmental requirements, the move toward sustainable and green building methods calls for the use of sophisticated leveling instruments. As a result, the requirement for hand levels grows as public and private sector investment in construction rises, making it a crucial element in achieving construction accuracy and quality. Technological Progress: The market for hand levels has been significantly shaped by technological developments. Tools become stronger, lighter, and easier to use as a result of advancements in material science and production processes. Hand levels with features like built-in sensors, digital displays, and networking capabilities are more functional and appealing to both pros and do-it-yourselfers. Greater precision and usability are made possible by these cutting-edge goods, which increase their use in a variety of applications. The need for technologically advanced hand levels is expected to increase as companies continue to look for ways to level tasks more precisely and efficiently, which will further drive market expansion.

Global Hand Levels Market Restraints

Several factors can act as restraints or challenges for the Hand Levels Market. These may include:

Economic Volatility: Economic swings have a tremendous impact on the hand levels market. The demand for hand levels may decline as a result of decreased infrastructure and construction projects brought on by economic instability. Businesses may reduce spending, postpone maintenance, and invest less in new tools and equipment during economic downturns. Furthermore, changes in production and material costs brought on by trade tariffs or inflation might have an effect on pricing structures, making hand levels less affordable for customers. The industry’s problems are exacerbated by this uncertainty, which deters investment from both customers and producers. This, in turn, stifles market growth and inhibits innovation in product development. Advanced Technology Competition: Modern leveling technologies like digital and laser levels, which provide increased accuracy and efficiency, pose a serious threat to the hand level sector. Traditional hand levels may find it difficult to stay relevant in the market as construction professionals employ more and more contemporary instruments, particularly among tech-savvy consumers. These sophisticated substitutes are more enticing for a variety of applications since they frequently offer real-time results and ease of use. The need for manual leveling equipment may decline due to consumers’ rising inclination toward automated and digital solutions, which may push producers to develop new products or face losing market share. This dynamic presents a serious threat to the market for conventional hand levels.

Inflation Nowcasting Quarterly is a part of the Inflation Nowcasting indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

This article continues a scientific and practical work on zero tariff in public transport, especially in local public transport, which was started in 2007. Previous texts had already made it clear that the crucial question is whether a zero tariff in public transport is developed and practiced as an instrument that is integrated into a policy aimed at making society progressively more peaceful, democratic, just, social, ecological and solidary – socially as well as ecologically sustainable. Democratic activists which have been fighting for a zero tariff for many years often became initiators or parts of alliances of various social actors, including political parties, for such a transformative zero tariff. The core question of this text is whether the current intensified debate on zero tariff in the context of Covid-19 pandemic, the consequences of its management and of inflation resp. rising prices of energy and food due to the Ukraine war, offers possibilities to strengthen the idea and concept of zero tariff as a transformational instrument. The analysis of the discussion and literature on practical zero tariff experiences shows that the challenge is to focus the debate on the long term, predictability also late positive outcomes as the issue of public health. This conclusion collides with two very different problems in particular: the urgent social needs of many people affected by the two big crises and the dramatically advanced climate and ecological crisis, which requires rapid and drastic action to address, and the mostly short-term nature of the programs to address the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and inflation. These problems reinforce the need to running the zero-tariff debate as a transformational one, or to make it a transformational debate. The focus must be on socially and ecologically sustainable mobility, on the development of public transport and the strong relativisation of the car as a means of satisfying mobility needs.

Home improvement stores form a mature industry dominated by two major companies, Home Depot and Lowe's. Both companies share similar product lines, which fuels high levels of price competition. Home improvement stores serve various markets, including do-it-for-me (DIFM), do-it-yourself (DIY) and professional customers. The most prominent influence on the performance of stores is activity in the residential market. Starting in 2021, spikes in inflation have cut consumers' spending power, while rising interest rates have constrained residential construction spending. While inflation has been tempered, the recent tariff announcements by the Trump administration remain a threat to product prices. Revenue for home improvement stores is expected to swell at a CAGR of 1.7% to $292.8 billion through the end of 2025, including growth of 1.9% in 2025 alone. The residential market boomed in 2020 as consumers stayed inside, resulting in more consumers with time to spend looking at new homes. Sales of home appliances, lumber, tools, hardware and lawn equipment were boosted. However, mounting inflationary pressure in 2022 led the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates. Since home improvement stores are tied to residential sector growth, rising interest rates cut housing sales that year, leading to faltering revenue. Since the pandemic, exploding e-commerce sales have been a boon for the industry. Home improvement stores will continue to improve their online platforms to strengthen sales in the coming years. Growing economic uncertainty has lifted sales of DIY products while limiting profit growth. Moving forward, interest rates are expected to drop, benefiting home improvement stores. Tariffs could result in higher interest rates, potentially upending the industry. Still, consumer spending power will remain relatively low, suppressing residential activity. Although residential activity is expected to slow, rising disposable income will boost spending on appliances and gardening equipment. There will be a trend of consumers opting for smaller appliances and upgrades rather than making significant investments in new construction or renovations. Home improvement store revenue is expected to climb at a CAGR of 2.1% to $325.3 billion through the end of 2030. The growing efficiency of online operations will cause profit to swell.

In September 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In September 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 17 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.3 percent in September 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 8 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

How Tariffs Are Impacting the Economy

Tariffs, particularly those introduced by the U.S. on Chinese imports, have led to rising consumer prices, increased manufacturing costs, and reshuffling of global trade partnerships. As of 2024, over US$550 billion in Chinese goods face U.S. tariffs, which has placed strain on retailers importing electronics, apparel, and consumer goods. Inflationary pressures have risen as businesses pass on increased costs to consumers.

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Additionally, retaliatory tariffs from China and other nations have reduced American export competitiveness in key sectors such as agriculture and automotive. Tariffs also influence investor confidence, slowing capital investment and hiring activities. While some domestic industries benefit from reduced foreign competition, overall GDP growth has been marginally impacted. Prolonged tariff uncertainty has hindered long-term planning, especially for small and mid-sized e-commerce businesses dependent on global supply chains.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.