According to estimates, President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. If Trump's proposals go into effect, it is estimated that the average tariff rate of all imports would almost triple, marking the highest rate in the United States since 1969.

According to a 2024 survey, roughly two-thirds of Americans thought that increasing tariffs on foreign goods would increase prices in the country. Another ten percent agreed that increasing tariffs would have no great effect on prices in the U.S.

U.S. tariff rates for 2021 was 1.47%, a 0.05% decline from 2020.

• U.S. tariff rates for 2020 was 1.52%, a 12.26% decline from 2019.
• U.S. tariff rates for 2019 was 13.78%, a 12.19% increase from 2018.
• U.S. tariff rates for 2018 was 1.59%, a 0.07% decline from 2017.

Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.

According to a 2025 survey, over one-quarter of Americans were planning on making purchases because they expect prices to increase across the country as a result of Trump's proposed tariffs on all imported goods.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans, PIIE Policy Brief 24-1.

If you use the data, please cite as: Clausing, Kimberly, and Mary E. Lovely. 2024. Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans. PIIE Policy Brief 24-1. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. It's estimated that, if put into effect, the average tariff rate including dutiable imports would reach almost 18 percent, up from two percent in 2024. Tariff rates are higher when dutiable imports are included because they refer only to goods that are actually subject to tariffs, rather than all imports. This skews the average tariff rate upward because it excludes duty-free goods. Trump's proposal for a universal 10 percent tariff on all imports would impose a flat tax on all imports, rather than just dutiable goods. This would result in a sharp increase in the overall tariff burden because previously duty-free goods would be taxed.

Russia tariff rates for 2021 was 4.17%, a 0.1% increase from 2020.

• Russia tariff rates for 2020 was 4.07%, a 1.27% decline from 2019.
• Russia tariff rates for 2019 was 5.34%, a 1.83% increase from 2018.
• Russia tariff rates for 2018 was 3.51%, a 0.1% decline from 2017.

Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.

Belgium BE: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data was reported at 3.240 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.900 % for 2021. Belgium BE: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 3.420 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.860 % in 2002 and a record low of 2.900 % in 2021. Belgium BE: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belgium – Table BE.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.;World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on tariff data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and global imports data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Comtrade database.;;The tariff data for the European Union (EU) apply to EU Member States in alignment with the EU membership for the respective countries/economies and years. In the context of the tariff data, the EU membership for a given country/economy and year is defined for the entire year during which the country/economy was a member of the EU (irrespective of the date of accession to or withdrawal from the EU within a given year). The tariff data for the EU are, thus, applicable to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (EU Member State(s) since 1958), Denmark and Ireland (EU Member State(s) since 1973), the United Kingdom (EU Member State(s) from 1973 until 2020), Greece (EU Member State(s) since 1981), Spain and Portugal (EU Member State(s) since 1986), Austria, Finland, and Sweden (EU Member State(s) since 1995), Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia (EU Member State(s) since 2004), Romania and Bulgaria (EU Member State(s) since 2007), Croatia (EU Member State(s) since 2013).

Germany DE: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data was reported at 1.670 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.600 % for 2020. Germany DE: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 1.935 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.860 % in 1990 and a record low of 1.470 % in 2013. Germany DE: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.;World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.;;

Audi is weighing the possibility of raising prices as a response to U.S. import tariffs, with a focus on localizing production within North America to alleviate costs.

United Kingdom UK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data was reported at 1.960 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.890 % for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 2.270 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.280 % in 1995 and a record low of 1.310 % in 2012. United Kingdom UK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Uzbekistan UZ: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data was reported at 8.730 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.830 % for 2014. Uzbekistan UZ: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 7.125 % from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2015, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.730 % in 2015 and a record low of 5.830 % in 2001. Uzbekistan UZ: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Uzbekistan – Table UZ.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Taiwan tariff rates for was 0.00%, a 0% increase from .

• Taiwan tariff rates for was 0.00%, a 0% increase from .
• Taiwan tariff rates for was 0.00%, a 0% increase from .
• Taiwan tariff rates for was 0.00%, a 0% increase from .

Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.

Luxembourg LU: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Weighted Mean: All Products data was reported at 3.160 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.960 % for 2015. Luxembourg LU: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Weighted Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 3.480 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.380 % in 1995 and a record low of 2.640 % in 2012. Luxembourg LU: Tariff Rate: Most Favored Nation: Weighted Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean most favored nations tariff is the average of most favored nation rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Germany tariff rates for 2021 was 1.39%, a 0.09% decline from 2020.

• Germany tariff rates for 2020 was 1.48%, a 0.36% decline from 2019.
• Germany tariff rates for 2019 was 1.84%, a 0.01% increase from 2018.
• Germany tariff rates for 2018 was 1.83%, a 0.13% decline from 2017.

Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.

Algeria DZ: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data was reported at 12.830 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.520 % for 2020. Algeria DZ: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 16.030 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.730 % in 1997 and a record low of 12.240 % in 2016. Algeria DZ: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Algeria – Table DZ.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs.;World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.;;

Madagascar tariff rates for 2021 was 7.51%, a 0.31% increase from 2020.

• Madagascar tariff rates for 2020 was 7.20%, a 0.34% decline from 2019.
• Madagascar tariff rates for 2019 was 7.54%, a 0.2% decline from 2018.
• Madagascar tariff rates for 2018 was 7.74%, a 0.91% increase from 2017.

Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.

Tariffs have long been central tool in global trade policy. Learn how tariffs affect critical US industries, and how businesses are navigating their impacts.

Nigeria NG: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data was reported at 12.440 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.270 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 23.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 87.190 % in 1995 and a record low of 9.940 % in 2009. Nigeria NG: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Mexico MX: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data was reported at 5.800 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.720 % for 2015. Mexico MX: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 9.270 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2016, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.270 % in 2003 and a record low of 2.820 % in 2014. Mexico MX: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;