Annual government expenditure in the United States added up to about 10.76 trillion U.S. dollars in the second quarter of 2025. This is compared to the first quarter of 2009, when this figure stood at 5.53 trillion U.S. dollars.

In 2025/26, the budgeted expenditure of the United Kingdom government is expected to be reach 1,335 billion British pounds, with the highest spending function being the 379 billion pounds expected to be spent on social protection, which includes pensions and other welfare benefits. Government spending on health was expected to be 277 billion pounds and was the second-highest spending function in this fiscal year, while education was the third-highest spending category at 146 billion pounds. UK government debt approaching 100 percent of GDP At the end of the 2024/25 financial year, the UK's government debt amounted to approximately 2.8 trillion British pounds, around 96 percent of GDP that year. This is due to the UK having to borrow money to cover its spending commitments, especially at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, when this deficit amounted to 314.6 billion pounds. Without significant cuts to spending or tax rises, the current government is aiming to reduce this debt by creating a stronger, more productive economy. Though this is how Britain's post WW2 debt was reduced, the country faces far more structural problems to growth than it did in the mid 20th century. Income Tax the UK's main revenue source Income Tax is expected to raise approximately 329 billion British pounds in the 2025/26 financial year, and be the largest revenue source for the government that year. Value Added Tax (VAT) receipts are expected to raise 214 billion pounds, with National Insurance contributions reaching 199 billion pounds. Although National Insurance rates for employees has actually fallen recently, the rate which employers pay was one of the main tax rises announced in the Autumn 2024 budget, rising from 13.8 percent to 15 percent. Though this avoided raising tax for workers directly, many UK businesses were critical of the move, with taxation seen as the main issue facing them at the start of 2025.

This table represents the breakdown of taxes that are received by the federal government. Federal taxes received are represented as deposits in the Deposits and Withdrawals of Operating Cash table. All figures are rounded to the nearest million.

France's total budgetary expenditure in 2025 was nearly 844 billion euros. The first item of expenditure was Refunds and rebates, with more than 148 billion of investment. Advances to local authorities were the second sector of public investment with more than 134 billion euros. The COVID-19 recovery plan Following the economic crisis linked to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, the French government has opened a budget of 36 billion euros for 2021. This recovery plan is intended for individuals, companies, local authorities, and administrations and is based on three themes: the economic, social, and ecological reconstruction of the country. Added to this budget is the emergency plan for the health crisis with aid to businesses.This vast plan, initiated at the very beginning of the crisis, has made it possible to limit the increase in unemployment in France, thanks to partial unemployment and the company closures through subsidies and state loans at zero interest. The economic model in the face of debt Although the economy is rapidly liberalizing in France, its economic system is still based on the principle of the welfare state, which intervenes regularly in the country's economy and finances to ensure that social services are developed for the well-being of its citizens.But this model is very expensive, the country keeps having a rather high debt level. In 2024, the public debt in France reached 112 percent of the GDP.

This summary table shows, for Budget Receipts, the total amount of activity for the current month, the current fiscal year-to-date, the comparable prior period year-to-date and the budgeted amount estimated for the current fiscal year for various types of receipts (i.e. individual income tax, corporate income tax, etc.). The Budget Outlays section of the table shows the total amount of activity for the current month, the current fiscal year-to-date, the comparable prior period year-to-date and the budgeted amount estimated for the current fiscal year for agencies of the federal government. The table also shows the amounts for the budget/surplus deficit categorized as listed above. This table includes total and subtotal rows that should be excluded when aggregating data. Some rows represent elements of the dataset's hierarchy, but are not assigned values. The classification_id for each of these elements can be used as the parent_id for underlying data elements to calculate their implied values. Subtotal rows are available to access this same information.

This table represents the breakdown of inter-agency tax transfers within the federal government. All figures are rounded to the nearest million.

This table represents the breakdown of tax refunds by recipient (individual vs business) and type (check vs electronic funds transfer). Tax refunds are also represented as withdrawals in the Deposits and Withdrawals of Operating Cash table. All figures are rounded to the nearest million. As of February 14, 2023, Table VI Income Tax Refunds Issued was renamed to Table V Income Tax Refunds Issued within the published report.

Key information about US Tax revenue: % of GDP

• United States Tax revenue: % of GDP was reported at 16.5 % in Dec 2024.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 16.1 % for Dec 2023.
• US Tax revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 18.0 % from Dec 1968 to 2024, with 57 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 19.5 % in 2000 and a record low of 13.7 % in 2009.
• US Tax revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Tax Revenue: % of Nominal GDP: Annual.

CEIC calculates annual Tax Revenue as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Tax Revenue and annual Nominal GDP. Tax Revenue is calculated as the sum of Individual Income Taxes, Corporation Income Taxes, Social Insurance Taxes, Excise Tax, Estate and Gift Taxes and Customs Duties. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service provides Tax Revenue in USD. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal GDP in USD.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Net Outlays as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYONGDA188S) from 1929 to 2024 about outlays, Net, federal, GDP, and USA.

Revenue, expenditure and budgetary balance of six levels of general governments.

At around ** billion U.S. dollars, the requested total U.S. drug control budget for 2026 was significantly lower than in previous years. This was mostly because for several agencies, the budget requests had still to be defined, as of the time of publication of the report. This statistic depicts the total federal drug control spending in the United States from FY 2012 to FY 2026, in million U.S. dollars. U.S. drug control spending In the United States, around half of the requested budget for federal drug control spending for FY 2025 was requested for treatment of substance use disorders; the remaining budget was distributed amongst various governmental departments for prevention, interdiction, and law enforcement. In particular, the largest amount of drug control treatment funding in FY 2025 within the Department of Health and Human Services was spent by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, followed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug control and the opioid epidemic The misuse of prescription drugs and the opioid epidemic are a major focus of U.S. drug control strategies and spending. In the U.S., the top controlled prescription drugs distributed are hydrocodone and oxycodone, both potentially addictive opioid analgesics that can be misused and sold illegally. In 2010-2019, efforts to reduce illegal sales of opioid narcotics in the U.S. have managed to reduce the amount of opioids diverted from the legal market by over half. Unfortunately, misusing opioids and synthetic variants such as heroin can be life-threatening; death rates due to opioid overdoses are continuing to rise.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Receipts (FYFR) from 1901 to 2025 about receipts, federal, and USA.

In 2024/25, the UK government spent approximately 13.3 percent of GDP on social protection, compared with 8.4 percent for health, and 4.1 percent for education. These three spending areas have accounted for the highest share of government spending since the late 1980s. Defence spending as a share of GDP has, by contrast, fallen throughout this period, from a high of 4.6 percent in 1984/85, to just 1.8 percent in the mid-2010s. Main sources of revenue During this same time period, income tax has been the most important source of revenue for the government, accounting for almost ten percent of GDP in the 2022/23 financial year. The UK's main tax levied on sales, Value Added Tax (VAT), was equivalent to 7.4 percent of GDP that year, with National Insurance Contributions at around seven percent of GDP. Taxes raised from businesses via Corporation Tax were the fourth-major source of tax revenue that year, at approximately 3.1 percent of GDP. Debt and borrowing Due to several years of the government spending more than it earns, the government has had to borrow large amounts to finance its commitments. This was especially the case at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic when, due to depressed revenues and increased expenditure, the government borrowed more than 314 billion pounds. This increased the national debt from 1.8 trillion pounds, to around 2.15 trillion pounds, or almost 97 percent of GDP.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Surplus or Deficit - from 1901 to 2025 about budget, federal, and USA.

In 2024/25 the value of tax receipts for the United Kingdom amounted to approximately 840 billion British pounds. Tax receipts form the bulk of UK government income, based on various direct and indirect taxes. Although tax income has gradually increased throughout most of this period, there is a noticeable dip in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Tax revenue sources Of the revenue generated by taxation in 2024/25, over 301 billion of this came from Income Tax receipts, which was the main source of direct tax income for the government. After income tax, the next most substantial direct tax were contributions from National Insurance, which amounted to just over 172.5 billion pounds of tax revenue. The UK's main goods and services tax; Value-added Tax (VAT) amounted to 170.6 billion pounds, while Corporation Tax receipts raised 91.6 billion pounds. Although other smaller direct and indirect taxes produce notable income, these four sources were by far the main sources of income in the previous financial year. UK government finances While taxes and other sources of income raised more than 1.13 trillion pounds in 2024/25, the UK government expenditure was around 1.28 trillion pounds. This gap between revenue and expenditure was financed via government borrowing, which amounted to almost 152 billion pounds. As the UK government has been spending more than it earns for several years, this has resulted in a significant government debt of 2.8 trillion pounds building up, the equivalent of just under 96 percent of GDP in 2024/25.

In 2025/26, the government of the United Kingdom is expected to receive 1.2 trillion British pounds of public sector current receipts, with 329 billion British pounds coming from income tax, as well as 214 billion pounds from VAT. Other substantial sources of income include Corporation Tax, predicted to raise 105 billion pounds, and Council Tax, which will raise around 50 billion pounds. Government revenue falls short of spending Overall government revenue in 2023/24 amounted to approximately 1.13 trillion pounds, but with the government spending around 1.28 trillion pounds, the UK borrowed almost 152 billion pounds to cover its costs. As a consequence, the UK's national debt increased from 2.69 trillion pounds in 2022/23, to 2.81 trillion pounds in 2023/24, almost 100 per cent of GDP. Financing this debt is becoming increasingly burdensome for UK government finances, with the UK spending more on debt interest than on defence, transport, and public order and safety. Impact of COVID-19 on revenue sources Income received from some of the UK's typical revenue sources were severely depleted at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2018/19, for example, VAT raised around 132.5 billion pounds, with receipts falling to 129.9 billion pounds in 2019/20, and just 101.7 billion pounds in 2020/21. Corporation Tax, fell from 61.6 billion pounds in 2019/20, to 50.5 billion pounds in 2020/21, while revenue from Air Passenger Duties declined from 3.64 billion pounds in 2019/20, to just 590 million pounds in 2020/21, and just over one billion pounds in 2021/22.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Industrial Alcohol Market Size was USD XX Billion in 2025 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Billion by the end of 2033 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. North America held largest share of XX % in the year 2024 Europe held share of XX % in the year 2024 Asia-Pacific held significant share of XX % in the year 2024 South America held significant share of XX % in the year 2024 Middle East and Africa held significant share of XX % in the year 2024 Market Dynamics of Industrial Alcohol Market

Key Drivers for Industrial AlcoholMarket

Growing Interest in Biofuels The need for ethanol-based fuels has increased due to the growing focus on renewable energy sources, making industrial alcohol a crucial element in the energy industry. ? Growth in Personal Care and Pharmaceuticals Particularly during international health emergencies, industrial alcohols—most notably isopropyl and ethyl alcohol—are essential to the manufacturing of sanitizers, disinfectants, and other pharmaceutical formulations. Increased Use of Chemicals and Solvents Industrial alcohols are used as solvents and intermediates in the chemical industry for a variety of products, including paints, coatings, adhesives, and inks.

Economic Implications: Impact on Industry and Revenue Generation boost the market growth

The decision's ability to increase state revenue is another important consequence. Since industrial alcohol is now considered "intoxicating liquor," state governments have the power to tax its manufacture, sale, and distribution. States may benefit greatly from this, particularly in areas where the alcohol sector is a major source of income. State funds may be used for public health initiatives, law enforcement, and education about the risks of alcohol abuse if industrial alcohol taxes were collected. However, the decision can have a financial impact on the sectors of the economy that depend on industrial alcohol. producers of industrial goods that use alcohol as a raw material, such as paints, cosmetics, medications, and cleaning products. For instance, 10 July 2023, more regulations will now apply to the material, which may raise operating expenses. These companies may need to modify their supply chains, raise the price of compliance, or impose higher taxes on customers. States could, however, also use the additional money they get to fund initiatives that help these sectors, such tax exemptions, subsidies, or public-private partnerships that promote innovation and guarantee safe production methods. (Source- https://cbic-gst.gov.in/hindi/) For instance, October 23, 2024- an important turning point in the legal and regulatory environment surrounding industrial alcohol was marked by the Supreme Court of India's historic decision on October 23, 2024. This ruling changed the way industrial alcohol is regarded under Indian law and has significant ramifications for both public health and governance by confirming that state go. (Source- https://www.thehindu.com/news/ ) Thus, the decision can have a financial impact on the sectors of the economy that depend on industrial alcohol. producers of industrial goods that use alcohol as a raw material, such as paints, cosmetics, medications, and cleaning products.

Restraint Factor for Industrial Alcohol Market

Growing Awareness of Biofuels Industrial alcohol is an essential component of the energy sector since the demand for ethanol-based fuels has grown as a result of the increased emphasis on renewable energy sources. ? Growth in Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care The production of sanitizers, disinfectants, and other pharmaceutical formulations depends on industrial alcohols, most notably isopropyl and ethyl alcohol, especially during global health emergencies. Growing Utilization of Solvents and Chemicals In the chemical industry, industrial alcohols are employed as solvents and intermediates for a range of goods, such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and inks.

Environmental Difficulties in the Manufacturing of Industrial Alcohol

Industrial alcohol production presents serious environmental issues that may hamper market expansion, particularly when it is based on fossil fuels. These difficulties include the ecological risks brought on by the release of dangerous chemicals, as well as the poisoning and depletion of w...