In total, about 60.4 percent of U.S. households paid income tax in 2025. The remaining 39.6 percent of households paid no individual income tax. In that same year, about 56.9 percent of U.S. households with an income between 40,000 and 50,000 U.S. dollars paid no individual income taxes.

Graph and download economic data for Personal Taxes: Federal Income Taxes by Number of Earners: Consumer Units of Two or More People, No Earners (CXUFEDTAXESLB0704M) from 1984 to 2023 about tax, federal, personal, persons, consumer, income, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Personal Taxes: Federal Income Taxes by Number of Earners: Consumer Units of Two or More People, One Earner (CXUFEDTAXESLB0705M) from 1984 to 2022 about tax, federal, personal, consumer, persons, income, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Personal Taxes: Federal Income Taxes by Race: White and All Other Races, Not Including Black or African American (CXUFEDTAXESLB0903M) from 2003 to 2023 about white, tax, federal, personal, income, and USA.

Many people report disliking taxes despite the fact that tax funds are used to provide essential services for the taxpayer and fellow citizens. In light of past research demonstrating that people are more likely to engage in prosocial action when they recognize how their assistance positively impacts the recipient, we examine whether recognition of how one’s tax contributions help other citizens–perceived prosocial taxation–predicts more supportive views of taxation and greater engagement. We conducted three correlational studies using North American samples (N = 902, including a nationally representative sample of over 500 US residents) in which we find that perceived prosocial taxation is associated with greater enjoyment paying taxes, willingness to continue paying taxes, and larger financial contributions in a tax-like payment. Findings hold when controlling for several demographic variables, participants’ general prosocial orientation, and the perception that tax dollars are being put to good use. In addition, we examined data from six waves of the World Values Survey (N > 474,000 across 107 countries). We find that people expressing trust in their government and civil service–thereby indicating some confidence that their taxes will be used in prosocial ways–are significantly more likely to state that it is never justifiable to cheat on taxes. Together, these studies offer a new and optimistic perspective on taxation; people may hold more positive views and be more willing to contribute if they believe their contribution benefits others.

The IRS publishes migration data for the US population based upon the individual tax returns filed with the IRS, where they track on a year-by-year basis

• where people were coming from - the prior state of residency
• where people moving to - the new state of residency
• number of returns filed - approximate number of households that migrated
• number of exemptions - approximate number of individuals
• the adjusted gross income (AGI) - recorded in thousands of dollars

The raw data published on the IRS website clearly shows patterns of evolution - changing patterns of what is recorded, how it is record, and naming conventions used - making it a challenge to track changes in the underlying data over time. The current dataset attempts to address these shortcomings by normalizing the record layout, standardizing the conventions, and collecting the annual into a single, coherent dataset.

An individual record is laid out with 9 fields

Y1 Y1_STATE_FIPS Y1_STATE_ABBR Y1_STATE_NAME Y2 Y2_STATE_FIPS Y2_STATE_ABBR Y2_STATE_NAME NUM_RETURNS NUM_EXEMPTIONS AGI Here, Y1 refers to the first year (from where the people are migrating) while Y2 refers to the second year (to where the people are migrating). As this is annual data, Y2 should always be the next year after Y1. Associated with each year are three different ways of identifying a state - the name of the state, it's two-letter abbreviaion, and it's FIPS code. Granted, carrying around three IDs per state is redundant; however, the various IDs are useful in different contexts. One thing to note - the IRS data represents migration into and out of the country via the introduction of a fake state, identified by STATE_NAME=FOREIGN, STATE_ABBR=FR, and STATE_FIPS=57.

From any given state, the dataset records migration to 52 destinations

• either not moving, or staying in the same state
• migrating to one of the other 49 states
• migrating to Washington DC
• migrating overseas (i.e., to the FOREIGN state)

Similarly, the dataset represents the migation into any given state as being from one of 52 destinations. Typically, the numbers associated with "staying put" constitute, by far, the largest contingent of tax payers for the given state. The one exception to this description is the FOREIGN state. The dataset does not record "staying put" outside of the country; there is no record for FOREIGN-to-FOREIGN migration. As such, there are 51, not 52, destinations paired with migration to-and-from the FOREIGN state.

Source: Publication 15-A Cat. No. 21453T Employer's Supplemental Tax Guide (Supplement to Pub. 15, Employer's Tax Guide) For use in 2018

Full Name: Wage Bracket Percentage Method Tables for Computing Income Tax Withholding From Gross Wages (For Wages Paid in 2018, America)

This data set represents the American 2018 tables for withholding gross wages (not from wages exceeding allowance amount). Wages withheld from employee checks by the employer are computed by looking employee's W-4 form, finding the number of allowances, the pay-period of the business(Weekly, Semi-Monthly, etc..) and filing status (Married/Single), and then finding the wage range the employees change fall into. Once this is done, the employer will subtract a pre determined base amount (Base Amount Subtracted from Gross Wages), multiply that by a per-determined percentage (Percentage to Multiply), and the result will be the amount withheld from the employee's check for federal taxes. This amount does not include state, social security, and other taxes.
For example, an employee that is paid on a Bi-Weekly basis, that has filed for 2 allowances and Single, who has earned $2000 in the pay-period will have the following amount withheld from their check for federal taxes:

$2000 - $1171.38(base amount) = $828.62

$828.62 * .22 (per-determined percentage ) = $182.30 (amount withheld from their check for federal taxes)

This data set was developed from a burning hatred for not being able to find this information in an excel or csv format. So I have made one that can hopefully save someone else a little time and energy. For more information on tax laws and practices in America, please refer to the IRS.

This annual study provides selected income and tax items classified by State, ZIP Code, and the size of adjusted gross income. These data include the number of returns, which approximates the number of households; the number of personal exemptions, which approximates the population; adjusted gross income; wages and salaries; dividends before exclusion; and interest received. Data are based who reported on U.S. Individual Income Tax Returns (Forms 1040) filed with the IRS. SOI collects these data as part of its Individual Income Tax Return (Form 1040) Statistics program, Data by Geographic Areas, ZIP Code Data.

Key Table Information.Table Title.Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics series (NES-D): Legal Form of Organization Statistics for Nonemployer Firms by Industry, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, and Veteran Status for the U.S., States, Metro Areas, and Counties: 2022.Table ID.ABSNESD2022.AB2200NESD03.Survey/Program.Economic Surveys.Year.2022.Dataset.ECNSVY Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics Company Summary.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Surveys, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics.Release Date.2025-05-08.Release Schedule.The Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (NES-D) is released yearly, beginning in 2017..Sponsor.National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, U.S. National Science Foundation.Table Universe.Includes U.S. firms with no paid employment or payroll, annual receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industries) and filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax forms for sole proprietorships (Form 1040, Schedule C), partnerships (Form 1065), or corporations (the Form 1120 series).Data are also obtained from administrative records, the 2022 Economic Census, and other economic surveys..Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Number of nonemployer firmsSales, value of shipments, or revenue of nonemployer firms ($1,000)These data are aggregated by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status when classifiable.The data are also shown by the following legal form of organization (LFO) categories: S-Corporations C-Corporations Individual proprietorships Partnerships Definitions can be found by clicking on the column header in the table or by accessing the Economic Census Glossary..Unit(s) of Observation.The reporting units for the NES-D and the ABS are companies or firms rather than establishments. A company or firm is comprised of one or more in-scope establishments that operate under the ownership or control of a single organization..Geography Coverage.The 2022 data are shown for the total of all sectors (00) and the 2-digit NAICS code levels for:United StatesStates and the District of ColumbiaIn addition, the total of all sectors (00) NAICS is shown for:Metropolitan Statistical AreasMicropolitan Statistical AreasCountiesFor information about geographies, see Geographies..Industry Coverage.The data are shown for the total of all sectors ("00"), and at the 2-digit NAICS code levels depending on geography. Sector "00" is not an official NAICS sector but is rather a way to indicate a total for multiple sectors. Note: Other programs outside of ABS may use sector 00 to indicate when multiple NAICS sectors are being displayed within the same table and/or dataset.The following are excluded from the total of all sectors:Crop and Animal Production (NAICS 111 and 112)Rail Transportation (NAICS 482)Postal Service (NAICS 491)Monetary Authorities-Central Bank (NAICS 521)Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (NAICS 525)Office of Notaries (NAICS 541120)Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (NAICS 813)Private Households (NAICS 814)Public Administration (NAICS 92)For information about NAICS, see North American Industry Classification System..Sampling.NES-D nonemployer data are not conducted through sampling. Nonemployer Statistics (NES) data originate from statistical information obtained through business income tax records that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provides to the Census Bureau. The NES-D adds demographic characteristics to the NES data and produces the total firm counts and the total receipts by those demographic characteristics. The NES-D utilizes various administrative records (AR) and the Census Bureau data sources that include the Business Register (BR), Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax Form 1040 data, tax Schedule K-1 data, Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS) data, Social Security Administration's database (Numident), and AR from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).For more information, see Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics Methodology..Confidentiality.The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of the confidential source data (Project No. P-7504866, Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval number: CBDRB-FY25-0195).This dataset contains both nonemployer and employer data.For the nonemployer data, the NES-D uses noise infusion as the primary method of disclosure avoidance for receipts, and In certain circumstances, some individual cells may be suppressed for additional disclosure avoidance. More information on nonemployer firm disclosure avoidance is available in the Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics Methodology.For the employer data, data rows with high relative standard errors (RSE) are not presented. Additionally, firm counts are suppressed when other select statistics in the same row are suppressed. More information on employer firm disclosure avoidance is available in the Annual Business Survey Methodology..Te...

Property Tax Payment Platforms Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Property Tax Payment Platforms market size was valued at $2.1 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $6.8 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 13.5% during the forecast period of 2024–2033. The primary factor fueling this robust growth is the accelerating digital transformation across public sector agencies and private enterprises, which are increasingly adopting automated, user-friendly platforms to streamline property tax payment processes. This shift is further propelled by the growing demand for secure, efficient, and transparent payment solutions that can handle large transaction volumes while ensuring compliance with evolving regulatory frameworks. As governments and organizations worldwide focus on enhancing citizen experience and operational efficiency, the adoption of property tax payment platforms is expected to surge, driving substantial market expansion over the next decade.

Regional Outlook

North America currently holds the largest share of the global property tax payment platforms market, accounting for approximately 38% of total market value in 2024. This dominance is underpinned by the region’s mature digital infrastructure, high internet penetration, and proactive policies supporting e-governance initiatives. The United States, in particular, has witnessed widespread adoption of property tax payment solutions among municipal governments and county agencies, driven by the need to modernize legacy systems and enhance taxpayer convenience. In addition, the presence of leading technology providers and continuous investments in cybersecurity and payment processing technologies have solidified North America’s leadership position. The region’s commitment to regulatory compliance, data privacy, and seamless integration with existing financial systems is further accelerating the uptake of advanced property tax payment platforms across both urban and rural jurisdictions.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market, with a forecasted CAGR of 17.2% from 2024 to 2033. This remarkable growth trajectory is fueled by rapid urbanization, expanding digital payment ecosystems, and increasing government investments in smart city initiatives. Countries such as China, India, and Singapore are at the forefront of digitizing public services, including property tax collection, as part of broader efforts to enhance transparency and reduce administrative burdens. The proliferation of mobile payment methods, combined with the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions, is making property tax payments more accessible to a broader segment of the population. Furthermore, supportive policy reforms and public-private partnerships are catalyzing the modernization of tax collection systems, positioning the Asia Pacific market as a key growth engine for the global property tax payment platforms industry.

Emerging markets in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are also experiencing a gradual uptake of property tax payment platforms, albeit with unique challenges and localized demand patterns. While digital infrastructure improvements and mobile penetration are opening new opportunities, issues such as limited digital literacy, fragmented regulatory environments, and budget constraints continue to impede widespread adoption. Nevertheless, pilot programs and donor-funded initiatives are helping governments in these regions lay the groundwork for future expansion. As international development agencies and technology vendors collaborate to address these challenges, the potential for market growth in emerging economies remains significant, particularly as digital payment habits become more entrenched and regulatory frameworks evolve to support innovation.

Report Scope

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

Key Table Information.Table Title.Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics series (NES-D): Statistics for Employer and Nonemployer Firms by Industry and Ethnicity for the U.S., States, Metro Areas, Counties, and Places: 2023.Table ID.ABSNESD2023.AB00MYNESD01B.Survey/Program.Economic Surveys.Year.2023.Dataset.ECNSVY Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics Company Summary.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 Economic Surveys, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics.Release Date.2025-11-20.Release Schedule.The Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (NES-D) is released yearly, beginning in 2017..Sponsor.National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, U.S. National Science Foundation.Table Universe.Data in this table combines estimates from the Annual Business Survey (employer firms) and the Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (nonemployer firms).Includes U.S. firms with no paid employment or payroll, annual receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industries) and filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax forms for sole proprietorships (Form 1040, Schedule C), partnerships (Form 1065), or corporations (the Form 1120 series).Includes U.S. employer firms estimates of business ownership by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status from the 2024 Annual Business Survey (ABS) collection. The employer business dataset universe consists of employer firms that are in operation for at least some part of the reference year, are located in one of the 50 U.S. states, associated offshore areas, or the District of Columbia, have paid employees and annual receipts of $1,000 or more, and are classified in one of nineteen in-scope sectors defined by the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), except for NAICS 111, 112, 482, 491, 521, 525, 813, 814, and 92 which are not covered.Data are also obtained from administrative records, the 2022 Economic Census, and other economic surveys. Note: For employer data only, the collection year is the year in which the data are collected. A reference year is the year that is referenced in the questions on the survey and in which the statistics are tabulated. For example, the 2024 ABS collection year produces statistics for the 2023 reference year. The "Year" column in the table is the reference year..Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Total number of employer and nonemployer firmsTotal sales, value of shipments, or revenue of employer and nonemployer firms ($1,000)Number of nonemployer firmsSales, value of shipments, or revenue of nonemployer firms ($1,000)Number of employer firmsSales, value of shipments, or revenue of employer firms ($1,000)Number of employeesAnnual payroll ($1,000)These data are aggregated by the following demographic classifications of firm for:All firms Classifiable (firms classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status) Ethnicity Hispanic Equally Hispanic/non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Unclassifiable (firms not classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status) Definitions can be found by clicking on the column header in the table or by accessing the Economic Census Glossary..Unit(s) of Observation.The reporting units for the NES-D and the ABS are companies or firms rather than establishments. A company or firm is comprised of one or more in-scope establishments that operate under the ownership or control of a single organization..Geography Coverage.The 2023 data are shown for the total of all sectors (00) and the 2- to 6-digit NAICS code levels for:United StatesStates and the District of ColumbiaIn addition, the total of all sectors (00) NAICS and the 2-digit NAICS code levels for:Metropolitan Statistical AreasMicropolitan Statistical AreasMetropolitan DivisionsCombined Statistical AreasCountiesEconomic PlacesFor information about geographies, see Geographies..Industry Coverage.The data are shown for the total of all sectors ("00"), and at the 2- through 6-digit NAICS code levels depending on geography. Sector "00" is not an official NAICS sector but is rather a way to indicate a total for multiple sectors. Note: Other programs outside of ABS may use sector 00 to indicate when multiple NAICS sectors are being displayed within the same table and/or dataset.The following are excluded from the total of all sectors:Crop and Animal Production (NAICS 111 and 112)Rail Transportation (NAICS 482)Postal Service (NAICS 491)Monetary Authorities-Central Bank (NAICS 521)Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (NAICS 525)Office of Notaries (NAICS 541120)Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (NAICS 813)Private Households (NAICS 814)Public Administration (NAICS 92)For information about NAICS, see North American Industry Classification System..Sampling.NES-D nonemployer data are not conducted through sampling. Nonemployer Statistics (NES) data originate from statistical information obtained through business income tax records that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provides to the...

Very Important

• Check out the new must-see kernel for this dataset Click Here
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Overview:

Explore the dataset and potentially gain valuable insight into your data science project through interesting features. The dataset was developed for a portfolio optimization graduate project I was working on. The goal was to the monetize risk of company deleveraging by associated with changes in economic data. Applications of the dataset may include. To see the data in action visit my analytics page. Analytics Page & Dashboard and to access all 295,000+ records click here.

• Mortgage-Backed Securities
• Geographic Business Investment
• Real Estate Analysis

For any questions, you may reach us at research_development@goldenoakresearch.com. For immediate assistance, you may reach me on at 585-626-2965. Please Note: the number is my personal number and email is preferred

Statistical Themes:

Note: in total there are 75 fields the following are just themes the fields fall under Home Owner Costs: Sum of utilities, property taxes.

• Second Mortgage: Households with a second mortgage statistics.
• Home Equity Loan: Households with a Home equity Loan statistics.
• Debt: Households with any type of debt statistics.
• Mortgage Costs: Statistics regarding mortgage payments, home equity loans, utilities and property taxes
• Home Owner Costs: Sum of utilities, property taxes statistics
• Gross Rent: Contract rent plus the estimated average monthly cost of utility features
• Gross Rent as Percent of Income Gross rent as the percent of income very interesting
• High school Graduation: High school graduation statistics.
• Population Demographics: Population demographic statistics.
• Age Demographics: Age demographic statistics.
• Household Income: Total income of people residing in the household.
• Family Income: Total income of people related to the householder.

Sources, if you wish to get the data your self :)

2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Documentation was provided by the U.S. Census Reports. Retrieved May 2, 2018, from

• Census estimate, error, and location data
• Census location information

Access All 325,258 Location of Our Most Complete Database Ever:

Providing you the potential to monetize risk and optimize your investment portfolio through quality economic features at unbeatable price. Access all 295,000+ records on an incredibly small scale, see links below for more details:

• Full Dataset: View Full Dataset
• Real Estate Research: View Research

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, the decennial census is the official source of population totals for April 1st of each decennial year. In between censuses, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and estimates of housing units and the group quarters population for states and counties..Information about the American Community Survey (ACS) can be found on the ACS website. Supporting documentation including code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing, and a full list of ACS tables and table shells (without estimates) can be found on the Technical Documentation section of the ACS website.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2019-2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.ACS data generally reflect the geographic boundaries of legal and statistical areas as of January 1 of the estimate year. For more information, see Geography Boundaries by Year..Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Users must consider potential differences in geographic boundaries, questionnaire content or coding, or other methodological issues when comparing ACS data from different years. Statistically significant differences shown in ACS Comparison Profiles, or in data users' own analysis, may be the result of these differences and thus might not necessarily reflect changes to the social, economic, housing, or demographic characteristics being compared. For more information, see Comparing ACS Data..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on 2020 Census data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:- The estimate could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations. For a ratio of medians estimate, one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution. For a 5-year median estimate, the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself.N The estimate or margin of error cannot be displayed because there were an insufficient number of sample cases in the selected geographic area. (X) The estimate or margin of error is not applicable or not available.median- The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "2,500-")median+ The median falls in the highest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "250,000+").** The margin of error could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations.*** The margin of error could not be computed because the median falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.***** A margin of error is not appropriate because the corresponding estimate is controlled to an independent population or housing estimate. Effectively, the corresponding estimate has no sampling error and the margin of error may be treated as zero.

This dataset, prepared by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, comprises 2 percent of the cases in the second release of CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1990 [UNITED STATES]: PUBLIC USE MICRODATA SAMPLE: 5-PERCENT SAMPLE (ICPSR 9952). As 2 percent of the 5-percent Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), it constitutes a 1-in-1,000 sample, and contains all housing and population variables in the original 5-percent PUMS. Housing variables include area type, state and area of residence, farm/nonfarm status, type of structure, year structure was built, vacancy and boarded-up status, number of rooms and bedrooms, presence or absence of a telephone, presence or absence of complete kitchen and plumbing facilities, type of sewage, water source, and heating fuel used, property value, tenure, year moved into housing unit, type of household/family, type of group quarters, household language, number of persons, related children, own/adopted children, and stepchildren in the household, number of persons and workers in the family, status of mortgage, second mortgage, and home equity loan, number of vehicles available, household income, sales of agricultural products, payments for rent, mortgage, and property tax, condominium fees, mobile home costs, and cost of electricity, water, heating fuel, and flood/fire/hazard insurance. Person variables cover age, sex, relationship to householder, educational attainment, school enrollment, race, Hispanic origin, ancestry, language spoken at home, citizenship, place of birth, year of immigration, place of residence in 1985, marital status, number of children ever born, presence and age of own children, military service, mobility and personal care limitation, work limitation status, employment status, employment status of parents, occupation, industry, class of worker, hours worked last week, weeks worked in 1989, usual hours worked per week, temporary absence from work, place of work, time of departure for work, travel time to work, means of transportation to work, number of occupants in vehicle during ride to work, total earnings, total income, wages and salary income, farm and nonfarm self-employment income, Social Security income, public assistance income, retirement income, and rent, dividends, and net rental income.

New York was the most populous state in the union in the year 1900. It had the largest white population, for both native born and foreign born persons, and together these groups made up over 7.1 million of New York's 7.2 million inhabitants at this time. The United States' industrial centers to the north and northeast were one of the most important economic draws during this period, and states in these regions had the largest foreign born white populations. Ethnic minorities Immigration into the agricultural southern states was much lower than the north, and these states had the largest Black populations due to the legacy of slavery - this balance would begin to shift in the following decades as a large share of the Black population migrated to urban centers to the north during the Great Migration. The Japanese and Chinese populations at this time were more concentrated in the West, as these states were the most common point of entry for Asians into the country. The states with the largest Native American populations were to the west and southwest, due to the legacy of forced displacement - this included the Indian Territory, an unorganized and independent territory assigned to the Native American population in the early 1800s, although this was incorporated into Oklahoma when it was admitted into the union in 1907. Additionally, non-taxpaying Native Americans were historically omitted from the U.S. Census, as they usually lived in separate communities and could not vote or hold office - more of an effort was made to count all Native Americans from 1890 onward, although there are likely inaccuracies in the figures given here. Changing distribution Internal migration in the 20th century greatly changed population distribution across the country, with California and Florida now ranking among the three most populous states in the U.S. today, while they were outside the top 20 in 1900. The growth of Western states' populations was largely due to the wave of internal migration during the Great Depression, where unemployment in the east saw many emigrate to "newer" states in search of opportunity, as well as significant immigration from Latin America (especially Mexico) and Asia since the mid-1900s.

Income-Before-Tax Time Series for Park National Corporation. Park National Corporation operates as the bank holding company for Park National Bank that provides commercial banking and trust services in small and medium population areas in the United States. The company offers deposits for demand, savings, and time accounts; trust and wealth management services; cash management services; safe deposit operations; electronic funds transfers; Internet and mobile banking solutions with bill pay service; credit cards; and various additional banking-related services. It also provides commercial loans, including financing for industrial and commercial properties, financing for equipment, inventory and accounts receivable, acquisition financing, and commercial leasing, as well as for consumer finance companies; commercial real estate loans comprising mortgage loans to developers and owners of commercial real estate; originates financing leases primarily for the purchase of commercial vehicles, operating/manufacturing equipment, and municipal vehicles/equipment; consumer loans, such as automobile loans; consumer finance services; home equity lines of credit; and residential real estate and construction loans, as well as installment loans and commercial loans. In addition, the company offers aircraft financing services; and ParkDirect, a personal banking application. Park National Corporation was founded in 1908 and is headquartered in Newark, Ohio.

This table contains data on the living wage and the percent of families with incomes below the living wage for California, its counties, regions and cities/towns. Living wage is the wage needed to cover basic family expenses (basic needs budget) plus all relevant taxes; it does not include publicly provided income or housing assistance. The percent of families below the living wage was calculated using data from the Living Wage Calculator and the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. The table is part of a series of indicators in the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project of the Office of Health Equity. The living wage is the wage or annual income that covers the cost of the bare necessities of life for a worker and his/her family. These necessities include housing, transportation, food, childcare, health care, and payment of taxes. Low income populations and non-white race/ethnic have disproportionately lower wages, poorer housing, and higher levels of food insecurity. More information about the data table and a data dictionary can be found in the About/Attachments section.

Key Table Information.Table Title.Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics series (NES-D): Statistics for Employer and Nonemployer Firms by Industry and Ethnicity for the U.S., States, Metro Areas, Counties, and Places: 2022.Table ID.ABSNESD2022.AB00MYNESD01B.Survey/Program.Economic Surveys.Year.2022.Dataset.ECNSVY Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics Company Summary.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Surveys, Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics.Release Date.2025-05-08.Release Schedule.The Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (NES-D) is released yearly, beginning in 2017..Sponsor.National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, U.S. National Science Foundation.Table Universe.Data in this table combines estimates from the Annual Business Survey (employer firms) and the Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (nonemployer firms).Includes U.S. firms with no paid employment or payroll, annual receipts of $1,000 or more ($1 or more in the construction industries) and filing Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax forms for sole proprietorships (Form 1040, Schedule C), partnerships (Form 1065), or corporations (the Form 1120 series).Includes U.S. employer firms estimates of business ownership by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status from the 2023 Annual Business Survey (ABS) collection. The employer business dataset universe consists of employer firms that are in operation for at least some part of the reference year, are located in one of the 50 U.S. states, associated offshore areas, or the District of Columbia, have paid employees and annual receipts of $1,000 or more, and are classified in one of nineteen in-scope sectors defined by the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), except for NAICS 111, 112, 482, 491, 521, 525, 813, 814, and 92 which are not covered.Data are also obtained from administrative records, the 2022 Economic Census, and other economic surveys. Note: For employer data only, the collection year is the year in which the data are collected. A reference year is the year that is referenced in the questions on the survey and in which the statistics are tabulated. For example, the 2023 ABS collection year produces statistics for the 2022 reference year. The "Year" column in the table is the reference year..Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Total number of employer and nonemployer firmsTotal sales, value of shipments, or revenue of employer and nonemployer firms ($1,000)Number of nonemployer firmsSales, value of shipments, or revenue of nonemployer firms ($1,000)Number of employer firmsSales, value of shipments, or revenue of employer firms ($1,000)Number of employeesAnnual payroll ($1,000)These data are aggregated by the following demographic classifications of firm for:All firms Classifiable (firms classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status) Ethnicity Hispanic Equally Hispanic/non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Unclassifiable (firms not classifiable by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status) Definitions can be found by clicking on the column header in the table or by accessing the Economic Census Glossary..Unit(s) of Observation.The reporting units for the NES-D and the ABS are companies or firms rather than establishments. A company or firm is comprised of one or more in-scope establishments that operate under the ownership or control of a single organization..Geography Coverage.The 2022 data are shown for the total of all sectors (00) and the 2- to 6-digit NAICS code levels for:United StatesStates and the District of ColumbiaIn addition, the total of all sectors (00) NAICS and the 2-digit NAICS code levels for:Metropolitan Statistical AreasMicropolitan Statistical AreasMetropolitan DivisionsCombined Statistical AreasCountiesEconomic PlacesFor information about geographies, see Geographies..Industry Coverage.The data are shown for the total of all sectors ("00"), and at the 2- through 6-digit NAICS code levels depending on geography. Sector "00" is not an official NAICS sector but is rather a way to indicate a total for multiple sectors. Note: Other programs outside of ABS may use sector 00 to indicate when multiple NAICS sectors are being displayed within the same table and/or dataset.The following are excluded from the total of all sectors:Crop and Animal Production (NAICS 111 and 112)Rail Transportation (NAICS 482)Postal Service (NAICS 491)Monetary Authorities-Central Bank (NAICS 521)Funds, Trusts, and Other Financial Vehicles (NAICS 525)Office of Notaries (NAICS 541120)Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations (NAICS 813)Private Households (NAICS 814)Public Administration (NAICS 92)For information about NAICS, see North American Industry Classification System..Sampling.NES-D nonemployer data are not conducted through sampling. Nonemployer Statistics (NES) data originate from statistical information obtained through business income tax records that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provides to the...